Production Space Research Articles

The role of food production in planning for open space: post-war planning of the rural–urban fringes of Copenhagen and Brussels

ABSTRACT Following the renewed attention for food production near cities, multiple concepts propose the creation of spaces for food production at the rural–urban fringe (RUF). The RUF is an area of multiple policy domains and, as a consequence, those new concepts are confronted with complexity when put into practice. Local planning history is part of the complexity as it casts shadows on contemporary planning debate and practice. This paper explores how past policies at the RUF impact the current and future policy work on spaces for local food production via comparative study of the post-war planning histories of the RUF’s in Copenhagen and Brussels. The paper addresses both policies within the urban realm, e.g. the planning of urban open spaces at the border of the city, and policies within the rural realm, e.g. the land-use rights in agricultural land and land consolidation projects. The comparative study identifies some key challenges with regards to the supply of space for local food production at the RUF in Copenhagen and the RUF in Brussels. Moreover, the paper stresses that a thorough understanding of the planning history is a prerequisite for effective food planning near the city to avoid repeating errors of the past.

Pendampingan Pembuatan dan Penerapan Standard Sanitation Operating Procedure dan Tata Letak Ruang Produksi pada Produksi Kerupuk Ikan Payus “Pamurbaya” Surabaya

Standard Sanitation Operating Procedures (SSOP) and the production process layout play an essential role in food production so that product quality complies with standards and food safety. The problem faced by the partner (UD Sumber Rejeki) is that there is no SSOP and a good production space layout. This community service (PkM) aims to assist partners in making SSOP and production space layouts so that the products produced comply with quality and food safety standards. The methods used are the active participation approach (partners play an active role during PkM), the activity orientation approach (assisting partners in making SSOP and production space layout), and the SSOP implementation approach and production space layout. The result of this PkM is the enthusiasm and activeness of partners during assistance in making SSOP and layout of production space. Another result is the availability of SSOP and the layout of the production room, which is placed in the production room.

New Generalized Odd Fréchet-G (NGOF-G) Family of Distribution with Statistical Properties and Applications

The distribution theory literature contains recent types of parametric distributional models that have been successfully used in the past and whose goodness of fit is sufficient only for certain datasets, suggesting further attention to accommodate a wider range of real-world datasets, for more adaptability, efficiency, and applications. This study aims to develop an extended Fréchet-G family of distributions and study their mathematical properties. The method of Alzaatreh is employed in developing a new lifetime continuous probability distribution called the new Generalized Odd Fréchet-G Family of Distribution. The developed distribution is flexible for studying positive real-life datasets. The statistical properties related to this family are obtained. The parameters of the family were estimated by using a technique of maximum likelihood. A New Generalized Odd Fréchet-Weibull model is introduced. This distribution was fitted with a set of lifetime data. A Monte Carlo simulation is applied to test the consistency of the estimated parameters of this distribution in terms of their bias and mean squared error with a comparison of M.L.E and the maximum product spacing (MPS). The findings of the Monte Carlo simulation show that the M.L.E method is the best technique for estimating the parameter of New Generalized Odd Frechet-Weibull distribution than the M.PS method. The findings of the application on the data set produce a higher flexibility than some of the competing distributions. In general, our new distributions serve as a viable alternative to other distributions available in the literature for modelling positive data.

Assessing Rural Production Space Quality and Influencing Factors in Typical Grain-Producing Areas of Northeastern China

Rural production spaces are important sites for agricultural activities, and high-quality rural production space is of great significance for guaranteeing food security and revitalizing rural areas. This study used Songnen Plain, a typical grain-producing area in Northeast China, as the study area and analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of rural production space quality and its influencing factors from 2005 to 2020 using the rural production space quality assessment model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and Geodetector. The results showed that: (1) The rural production space quality in the Songnen Plain has undergone a general process of change with 2015 as the node, showing an overall increase followed by a small decrease in some counties. Input–output efficiency exhibited a pattern with a high center and low perimeter, and rural production space quality exhibited a high in the south and low in the north pattern for all the years. (2) The spatial distribution of rural production quality in the Songnen Plain is highly correlated, and H-H and L-L zones had obvious spatial clustering characteristics. There were slight variations in spatial correlations of quality in each year, but the overall spatial quality exhibited a stable pattern of high in the south and low in the north. (3) The purchasing power for means of production, the level of infrastructure, and the level of agricultural mechanization were the main factors affecting the rural production space quality in the Songnen Plain, and the influence of population contraction and urbanization was gradually increasing. The results of the study can provide support for the sustainable development of rural production space and rural revitalization in Northeast China.

Different classical estimation methods using ranked set sampling and data analysis for the inverse power Cauchy distribution

A recent two-parameter distribution that offers additional flexibility in modeling a real lifetime dataset is the inverse power Cauchy distribution (IPCD). The IPCD is user-friendly and analytically attractive, and it can be effectively utilized to analyze actual datasets. On the other hand, ranked set sampling (RSS) is a method of gathering data that first combines simple random sampling (SRS) with the expertise and judgment of the field investigator in determining where to take samples. The RSS is known to be more efficient than the SRS as well as less expensive since fewer sample units need to be procured and evaluated. In this article, various estimation techniques for IPCD are examined. The parameter estimates are determined utilizing the RSS and SRS of seven frequentist approaches, which are the maximum likelihood, Anderson-Darling, least squares, Cramér-von Mises, maximum product spacing, weighted least squares, and right-tail Anderson-Darling approaches. Using accuracy criteria, a simulation analysis is done to assess the efficacy of the provided RSS-based estimates. For further clarification, one real data analysis is provided.

Spaces for Literary Production in New Order Indonesia and Beyond

Spaces for Literary Production in New Order Indonesia and Beyond

Establishment of District-Led Production of WHO-Recommended Alcohol-based Hand Rub (ABHR) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Model for Improving Access to ABHR during Health Emergencies.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we established and sustained local production of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) at district scale for healthcare facilities and community, public locations in four districts in Uganda. District officials provided space and staff for production units. The project renovated space for production, trained staff on ABHR production, and transported ABHR to key locations. The production officer conducted internal ABHR quality assessments while trained district health inspectors conducted external quality assessments prior to distribution. Information, education, and communication materials accompanied ABHR distribution. Onsite ABHR consumption was monitored by site staff using stock cards. On average, it took 11 days (range: 8-14) and 5,760 USD (range: 4,400-7,710) to set up a production unit. From March-December 2021, 21,600L of quality-controlled ABHR were produced for 111 healthcare facilities and community locations at an average cost of 4.30 USD/L (range: 3.50-5.76). All ABHR passed both internal and external quality control (average ethanol concentration of 80%, range: 78-81%). This case study demonstrated that establishing centralized, local production of quality-controlled, affordable ABHR at a district-wide scale is feasible and strengthens the ability of healthcare workers and community locations to access and use ABHR during infectious disease outbreaks in low-resource countries.

Sustainable development strategies in multi-scenario of rural production space system: A case from mountainous and hilly countryside in southwest China

The spatial system of rural production is a continuum, and the production and management behaviors of different stakeholders interfere with the operation of rural production space system. It has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting agricultural system sustainable development and realizing sustainable development goals. This study uses statistical data from 2015 to 2021 to construct a system dynamics model of the rural production spatial system and design a multi-scenario simulation scheme to simulate the operation of the rural production space system in Guangnan County. The results show: (1) The logic of correlation between the operation of rural production space system and rural sustainable development is constructed, and five scenarios are designed: the baseline scenario, the scenario of promoting scientific and technological innovation, the scenario of optimizing planting structure, the scenario of strengthening pollution control and the scenario of comprehensive adjustment. (2) The roles of technological inputs, cropping structure and pollution control on the operation of rural production spatial systems vary, with technological inputs contributing the most to increased food production, optimized cropping structure contributing the most to gross agricultural product and rural per capita disposable income, and enhanced pollution control significantly reducing carbon emissions from agricultural production. (3) Based on the simulation results of the operation of rural production space system in mountainous and hilly areas, the sustainable development strategy was proposed from three aspects: increasing technical investment, optimizing planting structure and strengthening pollution control.

Measuring the evolutionary game process among three functional space types at the county scale in Henan Province, China

Conflicts among various spatial planning policies have created a spatial game over land function and utilization due to the limitation of land resources. We quantitatively assess the evolutionary game process among three functional space types (agricultural production, urban–rural living, and blue–green ecological) using the concept of game theory during the period of 1980–2020 in Henan Province, China, as a case study. A research framework for assessing the spatial game process was established, and a measurement method based on spatial game type (SGT) and spatial game intensity (SGI) is proposed. The results demonstrate that the evolutionary game process among three functional space types exhibited significant spatiotemporal variation and spatial agglomeration. SGI increased from low to high values and then decreased again, and exhibited spatial autocorrelation. SGT supported classification into positive-sum and zero-sum games. The period of 1990–2000 had the largest SGI and the most counties with high-intensity zero-sum games. A highly urbanized urban center showed a high-intensity zero-sum game at the expense of agricultural production spaces. Balancing the areas devoted to various uses, enhancing spatial connectivity and improving functional mixing degree of land use may be effective ways to alleviate noncooperative games and spatial conflicts among these three functional space types.

Resonance diagnostics of production space of generative systems of artificial intelligence

The development of artificial intelligence generative systems (AIGS) in the modern world requires addressing issues related to the quality, stability, and efficiency of the generated content. In this context, resonance diagnostics become of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of applying resonance diagnostics for detecting, analyzing, and resolving problems in artificial intelligence generative systems. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks were identified: analysis of the theoretical foundations of resonance diagnostics; investigation of the potential of using resonance signals to adjust AIGS learning parameters; studying the impact of resonance diagnostics on the stability and adaptation of AIGS to changing operating conditions. The study conducted an analysis of resonance diagnostics in the context of AIGS and revealed its powerful influence on addressing issues related to system quality and productivity. The research demonstrated that resonance diagnostics can be used to achieve realism, diversity, and quality of generated content. Additionally, it was determined that it can contribute to enhancing the stability and adaptation of systems to varying operational conditions

Peningkatan Pengelolaan UKM di Era Digitalisasi pada Nisa Bakery di Kelurahan Surodinawan Kecamatan Prajurit Kulon Kota Mojokerto

In the Era of Digitalization, SMEs must keep up with developments. The problems faced by SMEs Nisa Bakery include the production process not being optimal because there is no mixer with the required capacity, a lack of understanding regarding the production space, where the production space is still one with a storage area for both raw materials and auxiliary materials, which is also integrated with packaging of finished goods (bread), financial recording is still simple, there is no separation between recording household and business finances, while marketing still depends on orders. The aim of this community service is to help solve the problems that occur at Nisa Bakery. The method used to solve the problem is providing equipment grants in the form of a mixer with a capacity of 10 liters, training on the use and maintenance of the mixer, expanding marketing using online media, business management assistance which includes training and mentoring on business management, finance/accounting. The results of this community service were the provision of a standing mixer machine with a capacity of 10 liters, understanding of inventory control methods, technical training in simple bookkeeping and marketing digitalization training.

Emergy analysis of pond fish farming – a case study for a large fish farm in Poland

The immediate goal of the article is an emergy analysis of fish production on an exemplary fish farm. Additionally, it was compared, in terms of environmental burden, with other exemplary agricultural productions. On the basis of the calculated emergy inflows, selected emergy indicators (ELR, EYR, REN) were calculated, showing the scale of use of renewable and non-renewable resources. The results show that the analysed fish production does not burden the environment and largely uses renewable resources, unlike other intensive agricultural productions. The ELR value was compared with its values for other exemplary agricultural production. In fish farming, this indicator is most often lower than 1. It is assumed that such activity does not burden the environment. Animal production requires the involvement of additional space for fodder production. Therefore the differences in the area necessary for the production of a food unit (GJ) of exemplary plant and animal products are also shown. Emergy analysis and its results can provide valuable information for decision-makers in terms of the direction of a given production.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Production–Living–Ecological Space under Various, Changing Climate and Land Use Scenarios in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River Basin, China

Land is an important resource that supports the production, life, and ecological development of human society. The current research on production–living–ecological space (PLES) is mainly focusing on the identification of single and dominant functions of land space, and the comprehensive spatial function measurement index of PLES (PLESI) is less known in the effective quantitative evaluation of multifunctionality of different land use categories. Integrating the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) scenario data and the future land use simulation model (FLUS), this research took the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River (URHR) as an example to explore the temporal and spatial variations in land use, PLES, and PLESIs during 2000–2020, and in the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2021 to 2100. The findings were as follows: (1) Forest land is the most widely distributed type of land; correspondingly, ecological space has the widest distribution area in PLES, followed by production space. (2) The area of dry land and building land increased between 2000 and 2010, accompanied by the increase in living space. From 2010 to 2020, the growth rate of building land tended to slow down while forest land increased, and the conflict of PLES eased. (3) The transfer between forest land and dry land is projected to intensify under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, while it is projected to occur between forest land and grassland under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. As for the changes in PLES, the SSP2-4.5 scenario has a greater impact than the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Spatially, several sub-basins in the northern URHR are the main areas of land use and PLES change. (4) PLESI presents a significant downward trend from 2000 to 2020 while trending upward under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and trending downward slightly under the SSP2-4.5 scenario between 2020 and 2100. Combining climate scenarios and the future land use simulation, this research would support the effective utilization of regional land resources and ecosystem management decision-making.

Study into the Evolution of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Production–Living–Ecological Spaces on the Indochina Peninsula

Influenced by historical background, regional economic development, and the frequent occurrence of armed conflict, the human–earth relationship in the Central and Southern Peninsula, which is located in a “fragmented zone”, is characteristic of the region. The Indochina Peninsula has now become an area of interest for the study of spatial changes in production–living–ecological spaces (PLES). Taking the Indochina Peninsula as the study area, this paper explores the evolution of the spatiotemporal patterns of PLES and its driving mechanism in the Indochina Peninsula, from 2010 to 2020, based on a grid scale. Methods such as the land-use transition matrix, land-use dynamics index, and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) were used in our model, which will provide the basic data and reference for sustainable development planning across the Indochina Peninsula. Our results show that, from 2010 to 2020, ecological space dominated the PLES pattern on the Indochina Peninsula, but its area gradually decreased, accompanied by a sharp increase in the areas of productive and living spaces. The area of PLES interconversion on the Indochina Peninsula in 2010–2020 was 212,818.70 km2, and the intertransfer of production and ecological spaces was distributed in a networklike manner throughout the Indochina Peninsula, while the transfer of living space was distributed in a pointlike manner. The migration path of the center of gravity of PLES on the Indochina Peninsula demonstrated a significant directional difference, and the direction and extent of the standard deviation ellipse distribution of the ecological space was similar to that of the production space. The PLES’s pattern evolution was affected by the degree of multiple factors, with a significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The positive and negative feedback effects of the factors were distributed in different areas and in different transfer directions.

High-performance MgO-CaO/C for H2S oxidation prepared by a facile co-pyrolysis of magnesium gluconate and CaCO3

A low-cost and facile approach to fabricate high-capacity desulfurizers has drawn much interest in the field of H2S removal. In this study, porous carbon materials with dual active components of MgO and CaO were synthesized by a facile co-pyrolysis of magnesium gluconate and CaCO3, and their performance on room temperature H2S oxidation was investigated. The H2S capacity of optimal CaO-MgO/C is 666.5 mg/gcat., more than 50 times that of MgO/C derived from pure magnesium gluconate. The characterization results indicate that compared to MgO/C, the CaO-MgO/C prepared by this co-pyrolysis strategy has a more developed pore structure and abundant basic sites. Consequently, the H2S adsorption and activation over as-prepared materials are promoted by the co-pyrolysis with CaCO3, and the storage space of oxidation products is also increased, resulting in an extraordinary enhancement in the H2S capacity. In addition, the desulfurization and deactivation mechanisms over the as-prepared CaO-MgO/C are illustrated. This work provides a novel and facile route of developing efficient materials for room temperature desulfurization.

Spatial Identification and Change Analysis of Production-Living-Ecological Space Using Multi-Source Geospatial Data: A Case Study in Jiaodong Peninsula, China

The significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of point of interest (POI) data, the absence of human socio-economic activity information in remote sensing images (RSI), and the high cost of land use (LU) data acquisition restrict their application in PLES spatial identification. Utilizing easily accessible data for detailed spatial identification of PLES remains an urgent challenge, especially when selecting a study area that encompasses both urban built-up areas (UBUA) and non-urban built-up areas (NUBUA). To address this issue, we proposed a PLES spatial identification method that combines POI data and land cover (LC) data in this paper. The proposed method first classified spatial analysis units (SAUs) into agricultural production space (APS), ecological space (ES), and ambiguous space (AS) based on the rich surface physical information from LC data. Subsequently, the AS was further classified into living space (LS) and non-agricultural production space (NAPS) based on the rich human socioeconomic information from POI data. For the AS that contains no POI, a simple rule was established to differentiate it into LS or NAPS. The effectiveness of the method was verified by accuracy evaluation and visual comparison. Applying the method to the Jiaodong Peninsula, we identified the PLES of the Jiaodong Peninsula for 2018 and 2022, further explored their spatial distribution characteristics, and analyzed their changes. Finally, we conducted a discussion on the real-world situations and driving mechanisms of the PLES changes and proposed several policy insights. The results indicated that both the spatial distribution characteristics of PLES and PLES change in the Jiaodong Peninsula were obvious and showed significant differentiation between UBUA and NUBUA. Climatic and natural resource conditions, geographic location, macro-policies, and governmental behaviors drove the PLES changes.

Qualitative-quantitative identification and functional zoning analysis of production-living-ecological space: a case study of Urban Agglomeration in Central Yunnan, China.

Territorial space exhibits multiple functional attributes, which comprise production, living, and ecological functions usually. Optimizing the production-living-ecological space (PLES) has become the key to territorial and spatial planning; the scientific identification of the PLES lays a foundation for space optimization and has important guiding significance in territorial spatial zoning. To achieve the integration of macro-scale and micro-scale PLES, with the Urban Agglomeration in Central Yunnan as the research area in this study, the PLES functional identification systems from the administrative unit scale and the grid scale are constructed. The types of PLES are determined by integrating qualitative and quantitative evaluation results and using an improved primacy index model from a composite spatial perspective. On that basis, the division of comprehensive zoning is achieved for land use functions through kernel density analysis. As indicated by the results, the model is capable of reflecting the macro background of the PLES functions in administrative regions while characterizing the micro differences at the grid level in administrative units. There are significant differences in the production, living, and ecological functional spaces in the Urban Agglomeration. Production functions are concentrated in the central and northeastern, living functions are concentrated in the central, and ecological functions are concentrated in the western and northeastern, with significantly consistent or complementary spatial distributions of each other. The PLES of Urban Agglomeration includes production space (PS), ecological space (ES), production-living space (P-LS), production-ecological space (P-ES), living-ecological space (L-ES), and production-living-ecological space (P-L-ES), placing a focus on ES, P-ES, and P-L-ES, which marks significant differences in spatial distribution among different spatial types. The study area is divided into 24 functional zones, which are classified into 6 categories, and optimization paths are proposed. This study will provide a reference for territorial and spatial planning in spatial functional zoning, spatial pattern optimization, and land management applications.

Effects of production-living-ecological space changes on the ecosystem service value of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China.

In the process of urbanization, exploring the relationship between production-living-ecological space (PLES) and ecosystem service value (ESV) is a major scientific issue in promoting regional sustainable development. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration is an ideal study area, which has the highest urbanization rate in China. Based on Landsat TM/ETM imaging data from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018, this study established a land use classification system of PLES. The spatial and temporal characteristics of PLES and ESV were analyzed, and the response of ESV to changes in PLES was investigated based on the elasticity formula. The results showed that from 2005 to 2018, production space and ecological space were the main types of PLES and exhibited an imbalance in transformation. Production space was the main transfer type, and living space significantly expanded. Moreover, from 2005 to 2018, the ESV of the YRD urban agglomeration showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. ESV presented a "high in the southwest and low in the northeast" spatial pattern. Furthermore, ESV was sensitive to changes in PLES, showing a trend of ecological space > production space > living space. However, the sensitivity of ESV to changes in PLES varied according to urbanization level.

Imprecise WareHouse Space in Aggregate Production Planning Using Fuzzy Goal Programming

Considering the fluctuating market demands with variable storage capacity and available production capacity, this study examines a number of workable techniques for modeling multiproduct aggregate production planning problems with fuzzy numbers. The suggested method makes use of factors including; inventory levels, labor levels, overtime, backordering levels, workforce capacity, machine capacity, and fuzzy warehouse capacity in an effort to reduce operating costs, reduce production waste, and increase capacity utilization rate. With the aid of this formulation and interpretation, a fuzzy multiproduct aggregate production planning model is developed. Finally, the study's conclusions were arrived at using information provided by Rich Pharmaceuticals Ltd. using Lingo version 18 software (RPL).and it uses parametric programming, best balancing, and interactive techniques to give solutions that can be adjusted to fit a variety of decision-making circumstances.

Bayesian and non-Bayesian analysis with MCMC algorithm of stress-strength for a new two parameters lifetime model with applications

A parallel system is one of the special redundant systems that industrial systems frequently use to increase reliability and prevent unexpected failures. In this paper, a new two-parameter model called the Poisson Rayleigh distribution (PRD) is studied. Some of its statistical properties are given. Particularly, we emphasize the study of the stress–strength (SS) reliability parameter, R = p(Y < X), when X and Y have a PRD. Maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, and Bayesian strategies are utilized to estimate the parameters. Maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, and Bayesian techniques for R are computed. To assess how each estimation method performs, a simulation study is conducted. In order to demonstrate the adaptability of the suggested model, its goodness of fit for the PRD comparison with other models is demonstrated by application to real datasets. Finally, the SS model for the PRD was applied with two applications of real data depicting the failure times for two types of electrical insulators and pertaining to customer wait times at two banks.