Water Production Rate Research Articles

Improved design of solar desalination system

As 97% of the world's water is salt water in the seas, it is doable to address the water-lack issue with seawater desalination as it were. There is a need to utilize earth environmental-friendly energy sources so as to desalinate seawater. Right now new structure is proposed for a local sunlight based desalination procedure to change over salt water into fresh water. In the majority of existing little scope sunlight-based desalination frameworks, static water is presented to sun rays for desalination process. Be that as it may, in the current framework, water is made to move through the channels during desalination process. The maximum fresh water production rate is enhanced to 8.16 L / m2 per day against 4–6 L / m2 per day with conventional solar stills. Water investigation after and before the desalination procedure are thought about and results are above worthy level.

A hydrate-based zero liquid discharge method for high-concentration organic wastewater: resource recovery and water reclamation

High-concentration organic wastewater has become a great challenge for wastewater treatment due to its toxicity and non-biodegradability. Traditional water treatment methods focus on removing or destroying organic pollutants rather than considering the high-concentration organic wastewater as a resource. As an ambitious sustainability goal, resource recovery from wastewater to achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD) has attracted widespread attention. Here, a hydrate-based method is proposed to treat textile wastewater to facilitate the reuse of dyes and enhance water reclamation. The mechanism of interaction between hydrate and organic pollutants was invested. The results show that organic pollutants are rejected from the growing hydrate lattice and concentrated in the residual solution. This method can achieve a max removal efficiency of 93.6% and a water production rate of 80%. In the range of 0–2000 mg/L, the concentration of organic pollutants does not affect the removal effect and water production rate. The concentrated dye can be reused again. The proposed method exhibits potential for recovering resource and clean water from wastewater while achieving ZLD.

Environmentally friendly utilization of LNG regasification process and geothermal-based dual-loop power cycle for desalinated water and hydrogen production

The global scarcity of fresh water has prompted the development of innovative strategies for establishing affordable and efficient desalination systems that utilize waste heat from industrial processes. This study presents a novel combination of a geothermal-driven dual-loop organic Rankine cycle and liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification process intended for electricity, desalinated water, and hydrogen production. The integration of diverse energy sources holds the capability to reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels and promote a more sustainable and diversified energy portfolio, conducive to ecological well-being. In the suggested approach, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is employed to harness the thermal contrast present between the residual heat of the geothermal process and the cold LNG stream, which reduces irreversibility and increases the system's power output. After examining the effect of key parameters on the system's performance, a data-driven approach is adopted in which the system's performance is predicted based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). According to the results, the primary generated power, desalinated water production rate, total cost rate, and cooling load are 5.15 MW, 127.31 m3/h, 188.22 $/h, and 2.92 MW, respectively. Also, the findings of the financial investigation demonstrate that the electrolysis unit, with an hourly cost rate of 85.2 $, constitutes more than 45 % of the total cost rate. In addition, the optimization of the system is performed in three distinct cases, wherein each case pertains to a different objective. In optimal conditions, the amount of produced desalinated water and the total cost rate are 153.89 m3/h and 153.58 $/h, respectively.

Magnetic recyclable Fe3O4@Ti3C2TX nanoparticles for high-efficiency solar membrane distillation

Over the last few years, solar energy has emerged as a sustainable energy which can replace traditional fossil energy sources. Solar evaporation systems are very dependent on the concentration of light-absorbing particles. However, solar evaporation systems have low water production rates and the used nanofluids usually causes secondary pollution. These problems seriously limit the wide application of solar evaporation techniques. In this work, we established a novel solar direct contact membrane distillation system combining Fe3O4@MXene light absorbing particles (Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with Ti3C2Tx MXene) and membrane distillation, which could improve the water production rates and the used light-absorbing nanoparticles were easily separated by magnetic field for reuse. In this system, Fe3O4@MXene acts as an efficient photothermal conversion particle that heats the feedwater for membrane distillation by absorbing sunlight, eliminating the additional energy input. The test results showed that the water production rate of this system was superior to that of most published solar membrane distillation systems, which the flux could reach 2.26 kg/m2/h, and the nanoparticles could be almost completely recycled. The work not only provides a useful method of desalination using solar energy and membrane distillation, but also to reduce the materials consumption and overall operating cost.

A semi-analytical model for quantifying the inter-well communication in water-bearing shale gas-condensate reservoirs

The increased risk of well communication in unconventional reservoirs expands the requirement for effective techniques to quantify the strength of inter-well communication. This work develops a robust and practical semi-analytical model to interpret the parent-child well system communicating through the fracture hits in water-bearing shale gas-condensate reservoirs. The compartment concept is employed to simplify the parent-child well system, in which the fracture hit region (FHR) is applied to describe the communication between sibling wells. The improved distance of investigation (DOI) is derived to characterize dynamic drainage under the three-phase condition for the water-bearing shale gas-condensate reservoirs. The material balance equations (MBEs) for each phase (oil, gas, and water) in each region are coupled and solved simultaneously to obtain three-phase production. The average pressure and saturation in each region are updated during the iteration with adaptive timestep to reduce the effect of nonlinearity under three-phase condition. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced to realize the automatic history match and properties interpretation of the parent-child well system.The oil/gas production of parent well drops rapidly when the child well starts to produce indicates the fracture-drive interference. However, similar drop in water production rate sometimes doesn't take place due to higher water saturation caused by fracturing of the child well. By the production history matching of field data from southwest Canada, the water and oil saturation, half-length and permeability of fractures, matrix permeability and FHR parameters are interpreted, higher efficiency than the numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the practical application of the new model for reservoir and fracture properties from online production data of parent-child well system.

Coma environment of comet C/2017 K2 around the water ice sublimation boundary observed with VLT/MUSE

We report a new imaging spectroscopic observation of Oort cloud comet C/2017 K2 (hereafter K2) with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope on its way to perihelion at 2.53 au, around a heliocentric distance where H2O ice begins to play a key role in comet activation. Normalized reflectances over 6500–8500 Å for its inner (cometocentric distance ρ ≈ 103 km) and outer (ρ ≈ 2 × 104 km) comae are 9.7 ± 0.5 and 7.2 ± 0.3 % (103 Å)−1, respectively, the latter being consistent with the slope observed when the comet was beyond the orbit of Saturn. The dust coma of K2 at the time of observation appears to contain three distinct populations: millimeter-sized chunks prevailing at ρ ≲ 103 km; a 105 km steady-state dust envelope; and fresh anti-sunward jet particles. The dust chunks dominate the continuum signal and are distributed over a similar radial distance scale as the coma region with redder dust than nearby. They also appear to be co-spatial with OI1D, suggesting that the chunks may accommodate H2O ice with a fraction (≳1%) of refractory materials. The jet particles do not colocate with any gas species detected. The outer coma spectrum contains three significant emissions from C2(0,0) Swan band, OI1D, and CN(1,0) red band, with an overall deficiency in NH2. Assuming that all OI1D flux results from H2O dissociation, we compute an upper limit on the water production rate QH2O of ~7 × 1028 molec s−1 (with an uncertainty of a factor of two). The production ratio log[QC2/QCN] of K2 suggests that the comet has a typical carbon chain composition, with the value potentially changing with distance from the Sun. Our observations suggest that dust chunks (>0.1 mm) containing water ice and near K2’s nucleus emitted beyond 4 au may be responsible for its very low gas rotational temperature and the discrepancy between its optical and infrared lights reported at similar heliocentric distances.

Investigation and development of a novel solar-biomass integrated energy system for clean electricity and liquid hydrogen production

In the present work, an innovative power generation system based on solar and biomass energy resources is proposed. Energy and exergy methods are applied to analyze and model the system. Also, to evaluate the system's performance during the year, the values of solar radiation and ambient temperature as a transient are studied for a case study in Khuzestan province. The system consists of a biomass unit, a solar unit, a waste heat recovery unit, and a hydrogen liquefaction unit. The power is generated by two gas turbines and two Rankine cycles. Furthermore, the system produces liquid hydrogen with a Linde-Hampson hydrogen liquefaction process and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and hot water with a water heater. A gasifier is utilized to convert biomass to syngas, and a heliostat field is employed to harness solar energy. For solar energy storage, molten salt is used. The system’s power output is 7967 kW, while the exergy efficiency is 11.06%. Also, the production rates of liquid hydrogen and hot water are found to be 10.74 kg/h and 7 kg/s, respectively. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of using solar energy, a comparison of biomass, solar-biomass, and solar-biomass with waste-heat recovery is made. The results show that solar energy with waste-heat recovery reduces CO2 emissions by 30.5% while increasing the system's electrical power output by 44% as compared to scenario 1 in which only biomass fuel was used. In addition, the highest component cost rate is attributed to the solar power system, accounting for 51% of the capital investment cost.

Pilot Study on the Deep Treatment of Sulfuric-Acid–Titanium-Dioxide Wastewater Using an Ultrafiltration/Reverse Osmosis Process

The production of titanium dioxide via the sulfuric acid process generates large amounts of acidic wastewater. Investigating the possibility of reusing this wastewater after deep treatment can reduce pollutant discharge and conserve water resources. In a pilot study, a dual-membrane method of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was employed to perform deep treatments of sulfuric-acid–titanium-dioxide wastewater. The findings showed that the multimedia and precision filters reduced the turbidity of water from an external drainage to as low as 0.18 NTU, with a turbidity removal rate of approximately 50%, reaching a maximum of 68%. When the UF effluent had a membrane flux of 70–100 L/m2 h and a water production rate of 85–90%, the SDI15 was <5.0 and the turbidity was <1.0, meeting RO water supply requirements. Additionally, RO achieved a TDS removal rate of >95%, a CODCr removal rate of 85%, and a desalination rate of >98.5%. At a smooth operation system water recovery rate of 50%, the highest system recovery rate obtained was 64%. The water produced via RO adhered to reuse water standards. UF/RO deep treatment of sulfuric-acid–titanium-dioxide production wastewater and its reuse can realize comprehensive wastewater use and conserve water resources.

Design and optimization of an integrated novel desalination system based on the temperature difference between the sea and mountain

As the world’s population and increasing urbanization continue to grow, freshwater needs have risen dramatically. A desalination process based on a natural vacuum and pipeline desalination method that can produce freshwater and transfer it simultaneously is designed and modeled comprehensively in this research. It has been demonstrated that the effect of compressibility is negligible for pressure and temperature ranges of the system, indicating that the first system model using incompressible flow assumption is valid. Solar thermal energy was also utilized to improve the system’s efficiency. The results are investigated for three scenarios for Bandar-Abbas and the adjacent mountain, Genu. The first, second, and third scenarios are associated with the initial model based on pipeline desalination, the model utilizing solar cooling to reduce the temperature in the condensation section, and the model using solar energy to increase the temperature in the evaporation section, respectively. The results show that the highest freshwater production is estimated at 125,842,962 and 21,101,132 kg per year for a tube diameter of 2 and 1 m, respectively. Furthermore, the annual production rate of distilled water in scenarios #2 and #3 increased by 13.85% and 139.1% compared to scenario #1, with a tube diameter of 2 m.

Ice, Ice, Maybe? Investigating 46P/Wirtanen’s Inner Coma for Icy Grains

The release of volatiles from comets is usually from direct sublimation of ices on the nucleus, but for very or hyperactive comets other sources have to be considered to account for the total production rates. In this work, we present new near-IR (NIR) imaging and spectroscopic observations of 46P/Wirtanen taken during its close approach to Earth on 2018 December 19 with the MMIRS instrument at the MMT Observatory to search for signatures of icy or ice-rich grains in its inner coma that might explain its previously reported excess water production. The morphology of the images does not suggest any change in grain properties within the field of view, and the NIR spectra do not show the characteristic absorption features of water ice. Using a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo–based implementation of the spectral modeling approach of Protopapa et al., we estimate the areal water ice fraction of the coma to be <0.6%. When combined with slit-corrected Af ρ values for the J, H, and K bands and previously measured dust velocities for this comet, we estimate an icy grain production rate of less than 4.6 kg s−1. This places a strict constraint on the water production rate from pure icy grains in the coma, and in turn we find that for the 2018–2019 apparition approximately 64% of 46P’s surface was actively sublimating water near perihelion. We then discuss 46P’s modern properties within the context of other (formerly) hyperactive comets to understand how these complex objects evolve.

Enhancement of gas production from hydrate reservoir using a novel deployment of multilateral horizontal well

Most marine hydrates deposit in low permeable argillaceous sediments. However, the gas production rate of current field trials for hydrate reservoir is lower than the commercial criterion. To enhance gas production, a novel multilateral horizontal well was numerically investigated based on an unconfined hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu Area in the South China Sea. The investigation shows the novel deployment enhances gas production rate due to the enlarged dissociation region and a great quantity of stimulated hydrates. The release rate of gas from hydrate exceeds the production rate, 70% of produced gas is gaseous methane and water-to-gas ratio is favorable. For various factors, increasing the length and the number of lateral well significantly enhances the gas and water production rates, which raises about 30% with additional 100 m lateral well. The lateral well deployed in the middle of reservoir causes a high gas rate and low water rate, and the angle of the main and lateral wellbores (ANGMW&LW) slightly affects the gas production. The sequence of factor of the deployment on gas production herein is: well length, depth, spacing, ANGMW&LW. The commercial gas rate could be achieved with 22 groups of 1000 m length multilateral well.

Performance enhancement and parametric optimization of a sky radiative and thermoelectric hybrid cooling system for water harvesting from humid air

The aim of this study is to deepen into the study and analysis of energetic performance of a novel RSC-TEC hybrid cooling system for water harvesting by combining thermoelectric and radiative sky cooling mechanisms. The main contents of this study are to propose the thermodynamic model of the novel hybrid system considering main losses and steady-state assumption, solve the operating temperatures of the thermoelectric cooler by energy balance equations, discuss the influences of multiple system variables including air flow rate, electric current of the thermoelectric cooler, ambient relative humidity, and ambient temperature on effectiveness and water production rate, and, evaluate and compare the performances of the whole system and the thermoelectric cooler. The main novelties are to provide the parametric optimum selection criteria of some key parameters of the overall system operating at optimum states. Results show that the maximum effectiveness and water production rate of the hybrid system can reach 1.93×10- 6 kg J−1 (amount to 6.95×103 ml of water by consuming 1 kWh of electrical energy) and 1.51×10- 5 kg s−1 (amount to 54.4 ml of water within 1 h) at 0.75 relative humidity and the ambient temperature of 298 K. In addition, the system is capable of producing about 140 ml of water within 1 h from the air with high relative humidity, which is more efficient than other different existing air water generators. The optimized effectiveness (coefficient of performance) of the hybrid system is much better than that of a separate (subsystem) thermoelectric cooler operating at the same ambient condition. The results obtained reveal the advantages of the present hybrid system. Complementary perspectives on compromise performance regimes are also displayed from Pareto front yielded from numerical multi-parametric and multi-objective methods.

An effective PEMFC system shutdown purge strategy for improving the purging effect of liquid water and the dehydration of stack

The shutdown process is one of the critical stages when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system runs as an actual application. Finding the effect of system operating conditions on shutdown purging could improve the purging effect of liquid water and the dehydration of the stack. In this study, an automotive fuel cell system of 350 single cells was developed on the vehicle scale and tested for factors that influence shutdown process. Seven shutdown purge cases for about 150 s were studied to investigate the shutdown purge strategy. It was found that 100% bypass valve opening reduced the purge time and improved the purge efficiency. The HCP speed should not be too slow or too fast in the shutdown process. The higher temperature of coolant water favored rapid shutdown and purge, and a large stoichiometric ratio of the cathode inlet improved the purge effect but enhanced the energy consumption of the air compressor. Neither too high nor too low purge pressure could blow out the liquid water more efficiently and improve the ohmic resistance. During purging, current density mainly influenced the water production rate and the maintenance state of stack temperature. With a higher stack temperature, purge process with a small current density could quickly reduce the stack humidity and enhance the ohmic resistance. Accelerating the opening rate of the anode purge valve could not effectively accelerate purge effect of the stack, while extending the valve closing time could improve hydrogen utilization. Future studies to investigate the combined impact of these factors on the fuel cell system shutdown purge will be carried out to develop the most effective strategy.

Performance analysis of nuclear powered desalination unit based on MED-TVC: a case study for Saudi Arabia

Abstract Nuclear desalination has been identified as an alternative option with much lower carbon dioxide emissions to provide fresh water by driving high capacity desalination plants. This work considers a theoretical analysis of using nuclear desalination to provide fresh water in three selected Saudi Arabian cities. It presents a theoretical model that integrates the characteristics of nuclear reactor, power cycle and desalination blocks. The power block includes three steam turbines and five feed water heaters. It is coupled via low pressure turbine to a multiple effect desalination unit integrated with a thermal vapor compressor encompassing eight effects, seven feed preheaters and a down condenser. The output includes work generated as function of fuel mass and reactor type, enrichment percentage, power and water production with different nuclear reactor type. Desalination performance indicators such as the fresh water production rate, gain output ratio (GOR), specific energy consumption (SEC) and specific cooling water mass flow rate have been evaluated and analyzed as function of sea water temperature for three specific Saudi cities. It was found that these indicators reflect better performance along a year for Jizan city than for Jubail and Tabuk. The case of Jizan city gives over the whole year more uniform values of water production rates, gain output ratio, specific energy consumption and cooling water mass flow rates.

A Lotus‐Petiole‐Inspired Hierarchical Design with Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Management for Enhanced Solar Water Purification

AbstractSolar‐driven vapor generation offers an affordable and sustainable approach to solve global freshwater scarcity. Creating interfacial solar evaporators capable of increasing water production rates matching human water requirements is highly desirable but challenging due to the slow water transportation dynamics and unavoidable oil‐fouling. Herein, a bio‐inspired lotus‐petiole‐mimetic microstructured graphene/poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) solar evaporator with integrated hydrophilic and hydrophobic microregions is developed. Through accurate control of the supramolecular interactions, the optimized solar evaporator incorporating unique structural features and wettability shows high light harvesting, enhanced water activation, and reduced energy demand for water vaporization, enabling a groundbreaking comprehensive performance along evaporation rate up to 3.4 kg m−2 h−1 and energy conversion efficiency of ≈93% under one sun irradiation (1 kW m−2). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the abundant hydrogen bonding sites of the polymeric networks can thermodynamically modulate the escape behavior of water molecules. Notably, neither decrease in evaporation rate nor fouling on solar evaporators is observed during the prolonged purification process toward nano/submicrometer emulsions, oily brines, actual seawater, and domestic wastewater. This study provides distinctive insights into water evaporation behaviors at a molecular level and pioneers a rational strategy to design high‐yield freshwater‐generation systems for wastewater containing complex contaminants.

Experimental and numerical performance assessment of a hybrid parabolic dish collector with photovoltaic for a distiller

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution has been rising recently, and so clean water needing has also increased. People could have easy access to pure water in all environments and conditions. This study is the solar tracking parabolic dish collector with produced pure water independent of electricity (off-grid). This system is fully renewable and autonomous. This system possesses a receiver, a boiler, a condenser, six 1000 mm diameter parabolic dish collectors, and 1 kW photovoltaic (PV) collectors. Thermal oil uses as the working fluid in the experiments. The experiment measured solar radiation, air temperature, air velocity, oil inlet and outlet temperatures, oil flow rate, receiver side surface temperatures, and instantaneous amount of pure water. Numerical and thermal analysis of the receiver in the experimental setup carry out. ANSYS Fluent 18.1 uses for numerical analysis. Energy and exergy analysis calculates the receiver for pure water production rate. The time interval when the system operates at high performance determines. In this study investigates the behavior of some exergetic indicators on the performance of the experimental setup, the cost of the experimental setup, and the enviro-economic impact of the parabolic dish-type collector. For this purpose, some exergetic factors such as the exergy effect, environmental impact factor, waste exergy rate, improvement potential, and exergetic sustainability index examine. The receiver’s improvement potential is between 1700 and 3000 W. In addition, the sustainability index, waste exergy rate, and environmental impact factor range from 0.32 to 0.36, 0.90 to 0.94, and 2.6 to 3.0, respectively.

Solar steam-driven membrane filtration for high flux water purification

In recent years, interfacial solar steam generation has shown great potential for desalination with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency. However, the freshwater production rate is still limited by the substantial latent heat of water evaporation and condensation efficiency. Here we designed an interfacial solar steam-driven reverse osmosis/nanofiltration device that generates high pressure that pushes water molecules through a filtration membrane to achieve separation from ions. The solar steam-driven reverse osmosis device reaches a water production rate as high as 81 kg m−2 h−1 under 12 sun illumination. Moreover, a theoretical model indicates that there still exists attractive room to further improve the freshwater output by optimizing the thermal insulation and expansion ratio of the device. This work paves a new way to design highly efficient miniaturized or decentralized drinking water devices. Reverse osmosis of seawater is a popular though energy demanding process to produce freshwater. Interfacing reverse osmosis membranes with solar steam generation shows potential for a more efficient desalination process.

History Matching of Reservoir Simulation Model: a Case Study from the Mishrif Reservoir, Buzurgan Oilfield, Iraq

In petroleum reservoir engineering, history matching refers to the calibration process in which a reservoir simulation model is validated through matching simulation outputs with the measurement of observed data. A traditional history matching technique is performed manually by engineering in which the most uncertain observed parameters are changed until a satisfactory match is obtained between the generated model and historical information. This study focuses on step by step and trial and error history matching of the Mishrif reservoir to constrain the appropriate simulated model. Up to 1 January 2021, Buzurgan Oilfield, which has eighty-five producers and sixteen injectors and has been under production for 45 years when it started in 1976. Reservoir exhibits heterogeneity in porosity and permeability throughout the field, therefore it’s a big challenge to control all reservoir properties during matching process. The historical matching process includes matching field and wells oil and water production rates, water injection rates, water cut, and reservoir static pressure. Finally, the results show that the good matching between simulated model and observed data; oil and water production rates, water injection rates, water cut, and static reservoir pressure which allow for implementing perfect future production forecasting strategies.

A Fully Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Model for Methane Hydrate Bearing Sediments Considering the Effect of Ice

The ice generation is one of the challenges facing the methane hydrate depressurization, which, however, has not been fully addressed by existing numerical models for hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). In this study, we develop a high-fidelity, fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical numerical model that incorporates the effect of ice. The model, developed using COMSOL, takes into account water–ice phase change, thermally induced cryogenic suction and constitutive relation in HBS. It is verified well against the temperature, pressure and cumulative gas production of Masuda’s experiment. The model is then employed to investigate multiphysical responses and gas/water production when ice generation is induced by setting a low outlet pressure. The results reveal that ice forms near the outlet boundary of the specimen center, leading to a reduction in intrinsic permeability and fluid velocity and an increase in the bulk modulus of ice-HBS. This enhanced bulk modulus results in higher porosity under axial load. Although the exothermic effect of ice generation promotes the hydrate dissociation, the effect on cumulative gas production is negligible after the ice melts. A negative correlation between ice saturation and water production rate is observed, indicating that a higher gas–water ratio can be achieved by adjusting the ice duration during hydrate production. The developed coupled model proves to be crucial for understanding the effect of ice on hydrate exploitation.

Performance assessment of hemispherical solar distillers integrated with the red bricks filled with cement as natural thermal storage materials

AbstractThis manuscript aims to augment the production rate of drink water from the hemispherical solar distillers using red bricks filled with cement as natural low‐cost reasonable storage materials. To obtain the optimal height and optimal gap distance of the red brick tiles filled with cement that achieves the highest productivity of hemispherical distillers. Three different heights of the red brick (1, 2, and 3 cm) with two different gap distances of (4 and 6 cm) were experimentally studied. Therefore, three hemispherical distillers were constructed and operated under the same climate conditions. The first is the traditional hemispherical solar distiller (THSD) which represents the reference distiller. The second is a hemispherical distiller with red brick tiles filled with cement set at a gap distance of 6 cm. The third is a hemispherical distiller with red brick tiles filled with cement set at a gap distance of 4 cm. The results presented that, the utilization of red brick tiles filled with cement with a height of 2 cm and a gap distance of 4 cm represents a good choice that achieves the highest performance of hemispherical distillers. The results showed that the utilization of red bricks filled with cement will be improved the accumulative yield from 4.3 L/m2/day (THSD) to 6.55 L/m2/day with an improvement of 52.3%. Also, using the red bricks filled with cement improved the thermal and exergy efficiencies by 51.24% and 435.5%, respectively compared to THSD.