Productivity Of Tomato Plants Research Articles

Response of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L) Plant Production By Providing Solid (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) and Rice Husk Charcoal

Provision of Solid Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Rice Husk Charcoal on Production of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L) aims to determine the effect of various types of Solid (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches) and Rice Husk Charcoal on Production of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L). This research was conducted in Sona Village with an altitude of 18 meters above sea level Labuhanbatu Regency from December 2019 to March 2020. The material used was tomato seeds, husk charcoal, solid water. The equipment used was a 35x40 polybag, cutter blade, analytical balance, ruler, scissors, mortar, measuring flask, bucket, calipers, neat rope, hoe. The research will be conducted with a factorial group design. The first factor is the provision of Solid namely S0: Without Solid (Control), S1: 0.50 kg / polybag, S2: 0.70 kg / polybag S3: 1kg / polybag. The second factor is the administration of rice husk charcoal P0: Without Husk Charcoal (Control), P1: 0.2 kg/polybag, P2: 0.4 kg/polybag. The number of treatment combinations is 12 combinations. The research results indicate that the provision of Solid and Rice Husk Charcoal Against Tomato Plant Production (Solanum Lycopersicum L) has no significant effect on Stem Diameter (cm), Total Number of Fruits per Plant (g), Total Weight of Fruits per Plant (g). However, the treatment interaction of 1 kg/polybag of Solid and 0.2 kg/polybag of Rice Husk Charcoal can increase Stem diameter (cm), Total Number of Fruits per Plant (g), Total Weight of Fruits per Plant (g).

Effectiveness of herbicides against annual weeds (weed vegetation) on tomatoes

Agrocenoses of cultivated plants are more or less overgrown with unwanted weeds, which complicate and complicate the care of plants and harvesting. The purpose of our research was to assess the impact of modern herbicides on the infestation (clogging) of tomato seedlings with annual weeds and the productivity of cultivated plants in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia. It was revealed that the main weeds of tomato plantings for all the years of research from annual dicotyledonous species were-white mar, bindweed buckwheat, bird mountaineer, southern salt grass; less common - bedstraw tenacious, nightshade black, hibiscus triplet and others. Annual cereal species were more often represented by common oatmeal, blue and green bristles, and less often by barn grass. The introduction of herbicides Unimark, WDG and Lapis Lazuli, LP (loose powder) before planting seedlings did not have a negative effect on the survival rate of seedlings; it was 94-96% of the planned density of standing plants. It was found (established) that the use of herbicides in the planting of tomato seedlings restrained the increase in the number of annual grass weeds by 30-75%, annual dicotyledonous-by 70-90%. The introduction of preparations before planting seedlings was the most effective. The decrease in the number of annual weeds had a positive effect on the growth, development and productivity of tomato plants: there was an increase in the number of leaves by 10.4-16.5%, the mass of leaves (leaf weight) – by 11.8-21.2%, the area of the leaf surface – by 8.9-16.2%, the number of set fruits – by 18.9-23.8%, the average weight (mass) of a mature fruit – by 7.5-11.3%. The increase in the yield (the yield gain) of tomato fruits was in the range from 21.6 to 28.4%. The studied herbicides did not have a significant effect on the quality indicators of tomato fruits.

Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Water or Seeds on Germination and Productivity of Tomato Plants under Salinity Stress

Salinity is an abiotic stress that reduces the seed germination and productivity of tomatoes. Magnetic treatment has been shown to have a positive effect on the seed germination, seedling growth, and productivity of various crop species. Therefore, three experiments were conducted to evaluate whether treating saline water or seeds with a magnetic field can improve the seed germination and productivity of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) under salinity stress. To evaluate seed germination and seedling growth in response to a magnetic field, two laboratory experiments were carried out by passing four saline water solutions of NaCl (0, 5, 10, and 15 dS/m) through a magnetic field (3.5–136 mT) or exposing tomato seeds to the same magnetic field for 20 min before sowing. In a greenhouse experiment, plants were irrigated with different magnetically-treated and untreated saline water solutions to evaluate plant growth. Magnetic treatment of water or seeds improved seed germination percentage, speed of germination (lower mean time to germination), and seedling length and dry weight in the two laboratory experiments, especially under salinity stress of 5 and 10 dS/m. As the salinity level increased, germination performance and plant growth were significantly decreased. Irrigating tomato plants with magnetically-treated water improved plant height, stem diameter, and fruit yield per plant compared to untreated water, especially under salinity of 0 and 5 dS/m. In conclusion, magnetic treatment of saline water or seeds improved germination performance, plant growth, and fruit yield of tomatoes under saline conditions.

KAJIAN MACAM DOSIS PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

This research was conducted in Kadungrembug, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern with 3 replications, consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of npk fertilizer 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha and The second factor is: without drum fertilizer, goat manure, chicken manure fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving a dose of NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and production of tomato. The application of goat manure and a dose of 100 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer was thought to have a better effect on the growth and production of tomato plants. So that the growth of tomato plants can grow optimally. The results of research that has been carried out on the treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants can be concluded that there is an interaction with the combination manure and dose of NPK fertilizer parameters were plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after planting, number of leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days after fruit number and fruit weight. The best treatment was obtained in the treatment of goat manure and NPK fertilizer dose of 100 kg/ha.

Organic Waste-Based Fertilizer in Hydroponics Increases Tomato Fruit Size but Reduces Fruit Quality.

In regions with intensive agricultural production, large amounts of organic waste are produced by livestock animals. Liquid digestate from manure-based biogas production could potentially serve as fertilizer if integrated with closed horticultural irrigation systems. The aim of this experiment was to investigate how fertilizer based on liquid biogas by-products of pig manure digestion can affect the growth and production of tomato plants. Integration of a nitrification bioreactor presumes a significantly lower concentration of nutrient solutions and a higher level of oxygenation than classical mineral cultivation. Therefore, additional controls were included. We compared plant growth and fruit quality traits of tomato plants grown in a hydroponic solution with organic fertilizer with two levels of mineral fertilizer. The tomatoes grown with organic waste-based liquid fertilizer showed reduced growth rates but increased mean fruit size, resulting in no significant change in total yield compared with high-mineral cultivation. The growth rate was similarly reduced in plants cultivated with low-mineral fertilizer. Plants cultivated with organic waste-based fertilizer had high Cl− concentration in xylem sap, leaves, and, ultimately, fruits. The leaves of plants cultivated with organic waste-based fertilizer contained higher concentrations of starch and soluble carbohydrate and low concentrations of phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S). The plants grown with organic waste-based or low-mineral medium showed significantly poorer fruit quality than the plants cultivated with the high-mineral solution. The low-mineral treatment increased xylem sap contribution to fruit weight because of higher root power. The organic waste-based fertilization did not change the root power but increased fruit size. In conclusion, organic waste-based cultivation is a possible solution for sustainable plant production in greenhouses. However, additional adjustment of nutrient supply is required to improve fruit quality.

STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN A GREENHOUSE HEATED BY AIR TO AIR HEAT PUMP

The temperature distribution inside the experimental greenhouse heated by air to air heat pumps and its impact on the growth and productivity of tomato plants were studied. Experimental greenhouse located at SIA Rītausma facility in South-East Latvia.Two commercially available regular air to air heat‑pumps with a combined heat power of 10 kW were used. To measure the temperature distribution, 18 temperature sensors with solar radiation shields at different heights and positions among the plants were installed. Additional 4 temperature sensors were used to measure the air flow temperature at the heating elements. Reference air temperature was measured at an industrial production facility heated by a common gas heating system.Temperature was found to be homogenous within 1 °C. Observed temperatures were up to 4 °C lower than set on the control unit of the heat pump. This discrepancy was compensated by higher set values for the controlling unit. As research showed the temperature stability was better than at the water-heated industrial facility at time slots when the sun was suddenly cleared from clouds.The cooling of the experimental greenhouse by air conditioning during summer time was rather challenging for the tomato plants and productivity. 23% of plant stems died until the end of the season and the yield was 50% lower than in the reference greenhouse. The energy efficiency compared to the industrial facility was approx. 8 times better and the estimated CO2 emissions were 8-16 times smaller compared to gas heating. There were no increases of heating costs determined.Further studies are needed to optimize the heating parameters and reach the desired greenhouse productivity.

Cultivation Technologies Applied in the Production of Tomato Plants for Obtaining Safe Food Products under the Conditions of Climate Change

This paper presents the results obtained from the research realized in controlled environmental conditions in a horizontal greenhouse where seedlings from varieties of tomato lines in the process of testing for approval in Romania were used. The research was carried out in a three-factorial experimental scheme, in which were taken into consideration as variation factors: three cultivars of tomatoes, 3 colors of light emitted by the LED bulbs and 3 intervals of time (15, 30 and 45 minutes/day) for plant exposure to the monochromatic additional light treatment. Biometric measurements were made on the height and diameter of the stems and assessments of seedling weight, as well as analyzes on nutrient composition, accumulated after three months of cultivation in the greenhouse. The results obtained are within the limits mentioned by the specialized literature for the best seedlings for the tested varieties of tomatoes.

Study of Use Shade And Mulch Of Micro Climate In Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)

ABSTRACT
 
 The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of shading and mulching on microclimates in tomato plants. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with shade and mulch treatment consisting of 6 levels of treatment namely shade without mulch (NTM), plastic mulch shade (NMP), straw mulch shade (NMJ) and without shade without mulch (TNTM) , without plastic mulch shade (TNMP), without straw mulch shade (TNMJ). Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 18 experimental units. The parameters observed in this study are plant parameters including plant height, number of branches, age of flowering, number of fruit plants and plant fruit weight. Microclimate observations include measurements of soil moisture, soil temperature, ambient temperature and humidity, wind speed and light absorption. Soil physical and chemical properties observed included soil texture, volume weight, specific gravity, soil pH, available K, porosity, organic matter, total N, field capacity and withering point. The results showed that the use of shade and mulch affected the soil moisture content. Shade can also reduce air temperature and can increase humidity. At the soil temperature the use of shade is very influential because it can reduce soil temperature, while the use of mulch also affects because it can reduce the radiation received and absorbed by the soil so that it can reduce soil temperature. Shade affects the speed of the wind and the absorption of light, where the speed of the wind and the absorption of light that is in the shade is lower than in the shade. Data on growth and production of tomato plants were analyzed using variance and tested further using a BNT advanced level of 5%. The use of shade and mulch has a very significant effect on the plant height observation variable at the age of 52 days after planting, but it does not have a significant effect on the observed variables of the number of branches, flowering age, number of fruits and fruit weight in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). A good mulch for tomato plant growth is silver black plastic mulch, while a good mulch for tomato plant production is rice straw mulch.

Photosynthetic apparatus performance of tomato seedlings grown under various combinations of LED illumination.

It is already known that the process of photosynthesis depends on the quality and intensity of light. However, the influence of the new light sources recently used in horticulture, known as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), on this process is not yet fully understood. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement has been widely used as a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive tool to study the efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) and to evaluate plant responses to various environmental factors, including light intensity and quality. In this work, we tested the responses of the tomato photosynthetic apparatus to different light spectral qualities. Our results showed that the best performance of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed under a mixture of red and blue light (R7:B3) or a mixture of red, green and blue light (R3:G2:B5). This was demonstrated by the increase in the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Y[II]), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR). On the other hand, the mixture of red and blue light with a high proportion of blue light led to an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Our results can be used to improve the production of tomato plants under artificial light conditions. However, since we found that the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato plants to a particular light regime were cultivar-dependent and there was a weak correlation between the growth and photosynthetic parameters tested in this work, special attention should be paid in future research.

The Effect of Goat Cage Fertilizer and Local Microorganism (Mol) Banana Beans on Tomato Plant Production (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of goat cages and local microorganisms (MOL) bananas on the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.). The research was conducted in September-December 2020 in Ketapang Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo. Experiments were arranged factorial in a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of goat manure, consisting of: 0, 10, 15, and 20 kg / ha); the second factor was banana weevil MOL which consisted of: without and given MOL. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, in order to obtain 24 experimental units. Observation variables were confined to plants, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruit and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA 5% processed by Honest Significant Difference test (BNJ) at tarf 5%. The results showed that there were significant results in observing the number of leaves from the age of 30 days after planting (HST) and the number of fruit and fruit weight there was no interaction effect of these factors. The dose of manure significantly affected the observation of the number of leaves at 30, 45, and 60 HST as well as on the number of fruit and the total fruit weight. MOL significantly affected the observation of the number of leaves 45 and 60 DAS and the number of fruits. The combination of goat manure treatment at a dose of 20kg / ha and the use of MOL resulted in the highest growth and production of tomato plants.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN DOSIS BIOPESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP PRODUKSI TOMAT

Tomatoes are important vegetable commodities and have high nutritional value. Until now, tomato productivity was still quite low at 16.09 - 18.63 tonnes/ha from 2015 to 2019 when compared to its potential which could reach 20-30 tonnes/ha. One of the ways to increase the productivity of tomato plants is to improve cultivation techniques, especially the use of suitable planting media and pest control by utilizing natural materials. The composition of the media that was suitable for tomato plants needs to be known to produce high-quality and high-yielding tomatoes. Bio-pesticide application using several plants with the appropriate dosage can be an alternative to reduce the use of chemicals. This study aimed to determine the composition of the plant media and the effectiveness of biopesticides to increase the production of tomato plants. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) two factors, where the first factor is the composition of the growing media and the second factor is the dosage of vegetable biopesticides. The first factor is the composition of the growing media consisting of 4 levels, namely K0 (without bokashi), K1 (Soil: Bokashi = 11: 1 (W/W) per polybag, K2 (Soil: Bokashi = 5: 1 (W/W) per polybag), K3 (Soil: Bokashi = 3: 1 (W/W) per polybag. The second factor is the dosage of vegetable biopesticides consisting of 4 levels, namely A0 (control), A1 (20 ml per polybag), A2 (40 ml per polybag), A3 (60 ml per polybag). Each treatment consisted of 4 levels of treatment and was repeated 4 times so that there are 64 experimental units. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and the real effect then tested further using Least Significance Different at 5% level. The results showed that there was an interaction between the treatment of the composition of the planting medium and the biopesticide on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of fruits, fruit weight, and production. The composition of the soil growing media composition: bokashi (5:1) and 40 ml biopesticide (K2B2) produced the highest number of fruit which was 255.53 fruit, the largest fruit weight was 7.67 kg per plant and produce 10.22 tonnes/ha. The use of biopesticides is effectively applied to tomato plants so that it can reduce the number of plants affected by fusarium wilt disease. the ones with the highest number of healthy plants were in A2 treatment with a pesticide dose of 40 ml per plant at 81.25%.

Agronomic Biofortification with Selenium in Tomato Crops (Solanum lycopersicon L. Mill)

Biofortification aims to increase the concentration of bioavailable elements in crops, to increase their nutritional quality. Selenium is a trace element of great impact on the antioxidant metabolism of plants and its accumulation is poor in species such as Solanum lycopersicon, so adding it is part of biofortification programs. The present work analyzes the capacity of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to increase the concentration of Selenium in tomatoes plants and fruits. For this, three treatments were applied (0, 2, and 5 mg L−1 of sodium selenite) using irrigation water as a vehicle. 40 days after transplanting, the accumulation of selenium and macronutrients in leaves, stems, and fruits was quantified, as well as their impact on tomato plant productivity. Agronomic variables such as height (cm), diameter (mm) of stems, number and weight (g) of fruits produced were determined. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and later, a Tukey mean comparison test was performed. An increase in the accumulation of Se was observed, being up to 53% in the fruits under the 5 mg L−1 treatment compared to the control. However, this increase did not have a noticeable impact on macronutrient content and tomato yield, but rather, contributed to the improvement of the nutritional quality of the tomato.

ANALISIS FINANSIAL APLIKASI DOSIS DAN JENIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a type of fruit vegetable, very good to be developed because it has a high economic value, has a unique taste, which is a combination of sweet and sour flavors, making tomatoes one of the fruits that are in great demand by the public. Tomatoes can be consumed fresh or processed into juice and a mixture of cooking spices. Industry players use tomatoes for sauces, cosmetic ingredients, and even as ingredients for medicines because they contain protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. The complete vitamin content in tomatoes is believed to cure various diseases. The research objective was to financially analyze the effect of the interaction between dosage and application of organic liquid fertilizer on tomato plant production and the income of tomato farmers. The hypothesis of this study is that it is suspected that the use of organic liquid fertilizers to the production of tomato plants is financially beneficial. This research was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) in a factorial pattern. Consists of two factors, namely: the first factor is the type of liquid organic fertilizer (P) which consists of two levels, namely liquid organic fertilizer from seaweed (P1) and liquid organic fertilizer from organic matter (P2) and the second factor is the dose of liquid organic fertilizer ( D) which consists of four levels. The use of seaweed liquid organic fertilizer increases the number of leaves, the number of flowers, and the number of fruit of the tomato plant. The weight of tomatoes also increased from 15,972 kg per hectare to 28,240 kg per hectare. So that financially there is also an increase in farmer income from Rp. 19,318,305, - to Rp. 54,652,305, - or an increase of 182.90%. It is suggested in further research to try the utilization of this organic seaweed fertilizer in other vegetable crops.

Influence of biologics on the growth and productivity of tomato plants

For the first time in the conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory, the possibility of using growth– and immunostimulators at different stages of tomato culture development has been confirmed. The energy of germination of seeds of the Basilisk Tooth variety under the influence of biologics Aqua energen and Baikal humate increased by 23%, for seeds of the De Barao Red variety in the variant of the experiment with Baikal humate-by 28%. In comparison with the control, an increase in the leaf surface area from 8.92% to 296.46% was noted. We also found an increase in the yield of the studied crop by 11.5% in the variant of the experiment with tomato seeds of the De Barao Red variety treated with Aqua energen.

Eftect of Provision of Solid (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) and Rice Husk Charcoal on Tomato Plant Production

This study aimed to determine the effect of various types of solid (oil palm empty fruit bunches) and rice husk charcoal on the production of tomato plant ( Solanum lycopersicum L). The treatments tested for this study consisted of two factors. The first factor was the provision of solid, i.e. S0 = without solid (control), S1 = 0.50 kg solid polybag -1 , S2 = 0.70 kg solid polybag -1 , and S3: 1 kg solid polybag -1 . The second factor was the provision of rice husk charcoal, i.e. P0 = without husk charcoal (control), P1 = 0.2 kg husk charcoal polybag -1 , and P2 = 0.4 kg husk charcoal polybag -1 . Each polybag contained 5 kg of air-dried soil. The results of this study indicated that the provision of solid and rice husk charcoal against tomato plant production had no significant effect on stem diamater, total number of fruits per plant, and total weight of fruits per plant. However, the treatment interaction of 1 kg solid polybag -1 and 0.2 kg husk charcoal polybag -1 increased stem diameter, total number of fruits per plant, and total weight of fruits per plant.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)

Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) memiliki prospek permintaan pasar yang tinggi. Produksi tanaman tomat yang rendah dapat disebabkan oleh pemberian unsur hara yang tidak optimal bagi tanaman. Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat dapat dioptimalkan dengan memberikan berbagai perlakuan, diantaranya adalah dengan pemberian nutrisi yang tepat dan seimbang menggunakan pupuk organik cair (POC) (NASA) serta interval waktu pemberian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi POC NASA dan interval waktu pemberian terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat yang dilakukan di UPT 3 Dinas Pertanian Kecamatan Kebomas, Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur pada bulan Desember 2019 – Maret 2020. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi POC (NASA), terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu tanpa pemberian POC NASA (kontrol) (P0), 1 ml/l air (P1), 2 ml/l air (P2), dan 3 ml/l air (P3). Faktor kedua adalah interval waktu pemberian yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 1 minggu sekali (V1), 2 minggu sekali (V2), dan 3 minggu sekali (V3). Terjadi interaksi yang sangat nyata pada perlakuan kombinasi P3V2 terhadap tinggi tanaman tomat pada umur 40 hst (68,06), 50 hst (80,56), 60 hst (86,06), dan jumlah daun pada umur 40 hst (20,11), 50 hst (26,56), 60 hst (35,11).

Ameliorating Effect of Biochar on some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Water use Efficiency of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plant Grown under Drip Irrigation

Field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) to investigate the effect of biochar application rates on weight basis (0.0 % (BC0), 0.2 % (BC1), 0.4 % (BC2) and 0.6 % (BC3)) on soil some physical properties, yield productivity and water use efficiency of tomato grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation. The results indicated that the soil physical properties, yield component and water use efficiency of tomato were significantly and positively affected (P ˂ 0.05) by biochar application treatments. Marked lowering in bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration depth of the sandy soil in both the two growing seasons as results of increasing application rate of biochar. In addition , increasing rate of biochar application resulted in significant increase of total porosity, mean weight diameter (MWD) , soil moisture constants (i.e., saturation percentage (SP), field capacity (F.C.), and wilting point (W.P.)), and soil water retention of sandy soil in both the two growing seasons. The measured available water content (AWC, %) showed a significant increase with increasing rate of biochar application which can be arranged in the order: BC3˃BC2˃BC1˃BC0. The results showed that the highest yield of tomato (32.4 and 31.9 ton.fed-1) was obtained due to BC2 treatment in both seasons. The maximum values of WUE (10.7 and 10.5 kg / m3) were associated with BC2 treatment (0.4 wt. % biochar) in both seasons. Consequently, under sandy soil conditions, application of biochar might be a promising amendment for ameliorating soil physical properties and subsequently enhancing tomato plant productivity. Tomato, Sandy soil, Biochar, Soil Physical Properties, Water use efficiency

Response of tomato plant on various concentrations and application frequency of gibberellin

This study aimed to determine the production of tomato plants with the application of gibberellin growth regulators. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from May to September 2017. The study was conducted in the form of an experiment using a Randomized Block Design as an environmental design and repeated three times. The first factor in this study was gibberellin consisted of four levels, namely 0 mg L−1, 15 mg L−1, 30 mg L−1, and 45 mg L−1, the second factor was the frequency of gibberellins application consisted of three levels, namely once, twice, and three times during the growth of the tomato plant. The results showed that the concentration of gibberellin of 45 mg L−1 applied once produced the fastest fruiting age of 48.92 days after planting (DAP), concentration of 45 mg L−1 gibberellin applied three times during growth showed the lowest number of seeds (21.73 seeds), while the concentration of 30 mg L−1 applied three times resulted in earliest fruit ripe (86.17 DAP).

Physico-chemical characteristics and productivity of tomato plants in function of nitrogen sources and doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and rates on the physicochemical characteristics and yield of tomato plants. Forty hybrids were cultivated at 100 and 400 kg ha-1 of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium), plus a treatment without N application in a randomized complete block design four replicates. Size, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), leaf nitrogen, number of fruits / plants, fruit firmness, bark thickness and average fruit size, ° BRIX, pH, calcium, potassium and sodium in fruits. There was an increase in SPAD index, Brix and longitudinal diameter of fruits as a function of the N dose. The use of ammonium nitrate and calcium provided stronger fruits. Urea and ammonium nitrate provided the highest pH value in tomato fruits. The application of the 100 kg ha-1 dose of N resulted in the highest potassium content in fruits. The highest productivity was obtained with the application of sources containing ammonium and the lowest in the control treatment. Sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced growth, productivity and parameters related to tomato quality.

L-proline alleviates heat stress of tomato plants grown under protected environment

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in the state of Sao Paulo represents 21.5 % of the total production in Brazil, making it the top table tomato-producing state in the country. Tomato cultivation in greenhouses is becoming increasingly popular in Brazil, as crop plants are protected against pests and unfavorable weather. However, issues regarding elevated greenhouse temperatures are common and can severely impact tomato yield due to the deregulation of vital plant functions, leading to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Since endogenous proline accumulation has been correlated with heat stress relief due to ROS elimination and protection of cell structures, we evaluated the effects of foliar applications of l-proline at rates ranging from 0 to 1600 mg L−1 onto photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant system enzymes, malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, post-harvest characteristics, and productivity of tomato plants subjected to high temperatures during the growth cycle. Regardless of rate, l-proline applications resulted in lower hydrogen peroxide contents despite no increase in antioxidant enzymes´ activity, and improved titratable acidity (TTA) as well as the overall fraction of average total soluble solids (TSS) by TTA (i.e. TSS/TTA). l-proline applied at 50 and 100 mg L−1 increased commercial and total fruit yield per plant. The 100 mg L−1 rate also enhanced the plants´ water use efficiency while decreasing malonaldehyde content, further indicating that exogenous applications of l-proline at the optimal rate of 100 mg L−1 can aid in alleviating high temperature-related damage to greenhouse-grown tomato plants.