Productivity Of Tomato Plants Research Articles

Less is more: CRISPR/Cas9-based mutations in DND1 gene enhance tomato resistance to powdery mildew with low fitness costs

Powdery mildew (PM), triggered by Oidium neolycopersici, represents a significant threat and a major concern for the productivity of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The presence of susceptibility (S) genes in plants facilitates pathogen proliferation and their dysfunction can lead to a recessively inherited broad-spectrum and durable type of resistance. Past studies have demonstrated that disrupting the function of DND1 (Defense No Death 1) increases plant resilience against various pathogens, such as powdery mildew (PM), but this comes at the cost of negatively affecting the overall health and vigor of the plant. To investigate the possibility of minimizing the adverse effects of the dnd1 mutation while boosting disease resistance, a CRISPR-Cas9 construct with four single guide RNAs targeting three exons of SlDND1 (Solyc02g088560.4.1) was designed and introduced into the tomato variety Moneymaker (MM) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Three T1 lines (named E1, E3 and E4) were crossed with MM and then selfed to produce TF2 families. All the TF2 plants in homozygous state dnd1/dnd1, showed reduced PM symptoms compared to the heterozygous (DND1/dnd1) and wild type (DND1/DND1) ones. Two full knock-out (KO) mutant events (E1 and E4) encoding truncated DND1 proteins, exhibited clear dwarfness and auto-necrosis phenotypes, while mutant event E3 harbouring deletions of 3 amino acids, showed normal growth in height with less auto-necrotic spots. Analysis of the 3D structures of both the reference and the mutant proteins revealed significant conformational alterations in the protein derived from E3, potentially impacting its function. A dnd1/dnd1 TF2 line (TV181848-9, E3) underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, which confirmed the absence of off-target mutations in selected genomic areas. Additionally, no traces of the Cas9 gene were detected, indicating its elimination through segregation. Our findings confirm the role of DND1 as an S-gene in tomato because impairment of this gene leads to a notable reduction in susceptibility to O. neolycopersici. Moreover, we provide, for the first time, a dnd1 mutant allele (E3) that exhibits fitness advantages in comparison with previously reported dnd1 mutant alleles, indicating a possible way to breed with dnd1 mutants.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Plus terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat di Kabupaten Merauke

Tomatoes are a horticultural commodity that is widely consumed by the public, so they need to be increased using organic fertilizer plus Trichoderma. This research aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer plus on increasing the growth and production of tomato plants. This study used a randomized block design with treatments namely no organic fertilizer plus (A0), organic fertilizer plus 3 t.ha-1 (A1), 6 t.ha-1 (A2), 9 t.ha-1 (A3), 12 t.ha-1 (A4), and 15 t.ha-1 (A5). The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers forming fruit, number of flowers, number of fruit, fruit weight, fruit diameter and productivity. The observational data is analyzed for variance and data that shows a real effect will be further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of the study showed that organic fertilizer plus treatment had an effect on the growth of tomato plants. The highest variables of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and number of branches were obtained in the organic fertilizer plus 15 t.ha-1 (P5) treatment which was not significantly different from the 12 t.ha-1 (P4), 9 t.ha-1 (P3), 6 t.ha-1 (P2), 3 t.ha-1 (P1), but significantly different from the treatment without organic fertilizer plus (P0).

Estimating Tomato Plant Leaf Area Using Multiple Images from Different Viewing Angles

The estimation of leaf area is an important measure for understanding the growth, development, and productivity of tomato plants. In this study, we focused on the leaf area of a potted tomato plant and proposed methods, namely, NP, D2, and D3, for estimating its leaf area. In the NP method, we used multiple tomato plant images from different viewing angles to reduce the estimation error of the leaf area, whereas in the D2 and D3 methods, we further compensated for the perspective effects. The performances of the proposed methods were experimentally assessed using 40 “Momotaro Peace” tomato plants. The experimental results confirmed that the NP method had a smaller mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on the test set than the conventional estimation method that uses a single tomato plant image. Likewise, the D2 and D3 methods had a smaller MAPE on the test set than the conventional method that did not compensate for perspective effects.

Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract on Growth and Yield of Tomato

This study delves into the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% V/V) on tomato plant growth. Employing a randomized design, the 6% concentration emerges as a key player, significantly boosting performance. Results include heightened leaf count, increased height, larger and heavier fruits, improved firmness, volume, and elevated chlorophyll content. Intriguingly, the 9% concentration indicates a potential for increased branches, suggesting enhanced fruit production. Fruit pH remains consistently unaffected across treatments. Integrating moringa leaf extract, particularly at 6% and 9%, not only enhances tomato plant productivity and fruit quality but also lays the ground work for sustainable cultivation practices. This research contributes valuable insights for optimizing growth conditions, there by offering a pathway to improving overall crop yield and agricultural sustainability.

Diâmetro do caule para enxertia do tomate italiano

ABSTRACT The adoption of grafting in vegetable production is an innovative technique that presents challenges to be overcome, which one of the main ones is the need to determine the appropriate diameter of the plant at the time of grafting. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development of seedlings and production of tomato plants, grafted with different stem diameters, under protected environmental conditions. The experiment was divided into two phases, seedling development and field production. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments, composed of the following seedlings stem diameters at the time of grafting: 1.8; 2.0; 2.2; 2.5 and 2.8 mm. Morphophysiological and productive characteristics of the grafted plants were evaluated. The results demonstrated that Italian tomato seedlings, grafted with 2.2 mm stem diameter, showed better development. However, the production rates were similar for the different stem diameters (1.8 to 2.8 mm) adopted at the grafting moment. Estimated yields of around 200 t/ha, much higher than the national average, demonstrate the success of the grafting technique in Italian tomatoes, under protected environmental conditions.

Genes Responsible in The Shape and Size of Solanaceae Fruits

Fruit shape and size in Solanaceae family plays an important role in the determining the economic value and agronomic traits of the crop. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the genetic regulation of some Solanaceae fruit morphology, focusing on the role of CLAVATA1 (CLV1), OVATE family protein (OFP), SUN family gene (SUN), locule number (LC), and fasciated (FAS) genes. The aim of this article is to explore previous studies that reveal how the complex interactions between these genes regulate fruit shape. The SUN and OVATE genes have important roles in regulating fruit elongation, with the SUN gene affecting longitudinal and transverse cell growth, while mutations in the OVATE gene change the fruit shape from round to pear. In addition, the FAS and LC genes contribute to increasing the number of loci in the fruit, while the CLAVATA1 gene controls fruit size by regulating stem cell activity. This review paper provides a deep insight into the current understanding of the genes that regulate fruit shape and presents them in the context of current research. It is hoped that this article will provide a strong foundation for future research to improve the quality and productivity of tomato plants.

The Effect of Providing Chicken Manure and Chicken Egg Shell Powder on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Plant

This study aims to determine the growth response and production of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). provision of chicken manure and chicken eggshell powder. This research was conducted in Blang Cirih Village, Peusangan Siblah Krueng District, Bireuen Regency, taking place from July to September 2023. The method used in this study was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 repetitions. The first factor is the application of chicken manure which consists of 4 levels, namely A0 = control (without chicken manure), Al = 150 grams/polybag, A2 = 300 grams/polybag and A3 = 450 grams/polybag. The second factor was giving chicken egg shell powder which consisted of 4 levels, namely C0 = control (without chicken egg shell powder), C1 = 60 grams/polybag, C2 = 80 grams/polybag and C3 = 100 grams/polybag. Parameters observed were plant height, number of productive branches, fruit number, fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affected all observed parameters and the administration of chicken egg shell powder affected all observed parameters, but did not affect the number of harvest I fruit. The treatment interaction had a significant effect on plant height at 45 HST, weight fruit and fruit diameter harvest I. The best application of chicken manure was found in treatment A3 450 grams/polybag and the best application of chicken egg shell powder was found in treatment C3 100 grams/polybag to increase the growth and yield of tomato plants.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum M.) DENGAN APLIKASI PUPUK DAUN DAN PUPUK KCL

Fertilization is a critical element in agricultural practices because plants need adequate and balanced nutrition to grow and develop well. Common obstacles faced in growing tomato plants, such as lack of nutrition or low yields. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer and KCl fertilizer doses on increasing the growth and production of tomato plants. The research was conducted from February to April 2022 in Jugo Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency. This research used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) procedure with two treatment factors. The first factor is the type of foliar fertilizer, consisting of 3 levels, including Growmore, Mamigro, and Gandasil D foliar fertilizer. The second factor, namely the dose of KCl fertilizer, consists of 3 levels, including no fertilizer (control), 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha. Ha. The conclusion in this research is that there is an interaction between the type of foliar fertilizer treatment and the dose of KCl fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of branches at age. Treatments for various types of foliar fertilizer differ significantly in the parameters of number of fruit per plant, fruit diameter per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight per hectare. Mamigro leaf fertilizer treatment and a 150 kg dose of KCl fertilizer was the best treatment combination.

Effect of a Fortified Biostimulant Extract on Tomato Plant Productivity, Physiology, and Growing Media Properties.

The pursuit of sustainable and productive agriculture demands the exploration of innovative approaches to improve plant productivity and soil health. The utilization of natural agricultural biostimulants, such as extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, has gained prominence as an ecological strategy to achieve this goal. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of a fortified biostimulant extract (FBE), composed of extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, on tomato plant physiology, productivity, and growing media properties, and estimated carbon emissions associated with tomato production. The FBE was applied to the growing media of tomato plants produced in a greenhouse, in experiments over two growing seasons. The productivity assessments demonstrated that the application of FBE significantly increased tomato fruit yield by 20% and relative marketable fruit yield by 27%, and reduced estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production by 29%. FBE treatment improved plant shoot and root biomass, accelerated flower and fruit set initiation, and increased chlorophyll content in leaves, resulting in enhanced plant physiology and advanced development. FBE treatment positively influenced the availability of crucial nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron in the growing media. FBE promoted the growth of total active microbes in the growing media, particularly the fungal population, which plays an important role in nutrient cycling and health. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of the FBE due to enhanced plant productivity and growth, improved fertility, the promotion of beneficial plant and growing media interactions, and the reduction in estimated GHG emissions.

Tomato plant production in NTB per year using Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) Method

Tomato plant production in NTB per year using Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) Method

Uji Efektivitas Serbuk Daun Kipait (Tithonia difersivolia) Terhadap Serangan Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne Spp) pada Tanaman Tomat

The tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a horticultural plant that is popular with the public because it has good nutritional content, including vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C, which have quite high levels which are good for the body to consume. One of the pests that affects tomato plant production, both quality and quantity, is the attack by root knot nematodes (NPA), namely Meloidogyne spp. This research aims to determine the ability of kipahit leaf powder in several doses to suppress attacks by root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). This research was designed using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors tested were the administration of kipahit leaf powder at doses of 25 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams and 100 grams with the control treatment not being given kipahit leaf powder as a comparison. This study had 5 treatments and 4 replications. The research results showed that giving 50 grams of kipahit leaf powder was able to reduce the intensity of root knot attacks and could reduce the nematode population around the roots of tomato plants. and had a significant effect on plant height at 46 and 60 days after transplanting.

Effect of Organic Mulch and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants

Net greenhouse experiment was conducted through the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons at Dokki protected cultivation experimental site, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation to investigate applied two factors organic mulch i.e., (bagasse, compost, palm fibers, mushroom spent, sawdust and control), mycorrhizal inoculation (with and without) and their interaction on growth and productivity of tomato plants. The seedlings of tomato cv. Super strain B was transplanted on the 15th October 2019 and 2020. The experimental design was split plot with three replicates. Results indicated that applied compost mulch treatment, without mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction enhanced all vegetative growth characteristics i.e., (plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of plant). Whereas, applied compost mulch treatment, with mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction improved chemical content of (N, P and K) in leaves and increased average fruit weight and total yield/m2.

The Importance of Initial Application of Biochar On Soil Fertility to Improve Growth and Productivity of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Under Drought Stress

The Importance of Initial Application of Biochar On Soil Fertility to Improve Growth and Productivity of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Under Drought Stress

Immunohistochemical dynamics of cell wall matrix polymers during tomato autograft healing

A large part of the production of tomato plants is grafted. Although it has recently been described that cell walls play an important role in tomato graft healing, the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell wall changes in this critical process remains largely unknown. The aim of this work was to immunolocalize changes in the major cell wall matrix components of autograft union tissues throughout the course of healing, from 1 to 20 days after grafting (DAG). Homogalacturonan was de novo synthetized and deposited in the cut edges, displaying the low methyl-esterified homogalacturonan a stronger labelling. Labelling of galactan side chains of rhamnogalacturonan increased until 8 DAG, although remarkably a set of cells at the graft union did not show labelling for this epitope. Changes in xylan immunolocalization were associated to the xylem vasculature development throughout, while those of xyloglucan revealed early synthesis at the cut edges. Arabinogalactan proteins increased up to 8 DAG and showed scion-rootstock asymmetry, with a higher extent in the scion. The combination of these changes appears to be related with the success of the autograft, specifically facilitating the adhesion phase between scion-rootstock tissues. This knowledge paves the way for improved grafting using methods that facilitate appropriate changes in the time and space dynamics of these cell wall compounds.

Influence of Vermicompost Derived from Rice Straw, Neem Leaves, and Cow Dung on Plant Growth Parameters of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)

Objectives: To investigate the effect of vermicompost derived from different combinations of rice straw, cow dung, and neem leaves on growth and productivity of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Methods: The vermicomposting studies are performed with rice straw, cow dung, and neem leaves in plastic containers under ambient conditions using Eisenia fetida species of earthworm. The vermicomposts (A, B, and C) are used with soil to evaluate influence on growth and productivity of tomato plants as compared with compost, commercial organic fertilizer, and control, i.e. T1: soil + vermicompost A, T2: soil + vermicompost B, T3: soil + vermicompost C, T4: soil + compost, T5: soil + commercial organic fertilizer, and T6: only soil (control). Findings: The vermicompost (C) produced with the highest stock density (40) of Eisenia fetida showed maximum improvement in growth parameters and productivity of tomato plants (T3), i.e. 6.13, 11.2, 1.14, 2.82, 3.65, 0.30, 15.3 fold, and 7.58% increase in mean leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, plant weight, root weight and length, tomato number, and weight, respectively. There is found positive correlation between physicochemical parameters of the vermicompost and productivity of tomato plants. The vermicompost showed the best growth and productivity in tomato plants as compared with commercial organic fertilizer, compost, and control. Novelty: The present study is performed under cool and humid climate of Gurugram from October 2021 to January 2022. Neem leaves improved nutritional quality of vermicompost at same stock density of Eisenia fetida. Keywords: Earthworm; Eisenia fetida; Rice straw; Tomato plant; Vermicompost; Compost

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ETHREL TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BUNGA DAN BUAH TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum pyriforme )

Background: Tomato is a vegetable plant that is popular with the public considering the various benefits of the tomato itself, so the demand for tomatoes is increasing. To obtain good results, especially in the process of growth and production of tomato plants, it is necessary to provide growth stimulants that are able to work in stimulating growth. tomato plants and stimulates the formation of flowers and fruit on tomato plants, one of which is ZPT Ethrel. Methods: This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 repetitions and 4 treatments; R0 = without ethrel ; R1 = 2 cc/liter ethrel; R2 = 4 cc/liter ethrel; R3 = 6 cc/liter ethrel, so the total test unit is 12 units. This research will be analyzed using the F test if the calculation F_(count)>f_table at a confidence level of 5% or 1% will be followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: The results showed that the administration of ethrel affected the productivity of flower and fruit formation of tomato plants. The best flower and fruit formation was given 6 cc/liter ethrel, then 4 cc/liter ethrel, 2 cc/liter ethrel, and the lowest was without ethrel. Conclusion: Giving ethrel affects the formation of flowers and fruit of tomato plants (Lycopersicum pyriforme). The best flower and fruit formation was given R3 (6 cc/liter ethrel), then R2 (4 cc/liter ethrel), R1 (2 cc/liter ethrel), and the lowest was on R0 (without ethrel administration).

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PH DAN KELEMBABAN TANAH INCEPTISOL SERTA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT

This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure application on pH and soil moisture of Inceptisols and growth and production of tomato plants and the effective dose of chicken manure on pH and soil moisture of inceptisols and growth and production of tomato plants. This research was conducted at the tried the Laboratory and field experiment II Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University from January to March 2022. The research design used was a randomized block design (RBD), consist of five doses of treatmen, namely K0 = without chicken manure, K1 = chicken manure 1 kg plot-1 equivalent to 10 tons ha-1, K2 = chicken manure 2 kg plot-1 equivalent to 20 tons ha-1, K3 = chicken manure 3 kg plot-1 equivalent to 30 tons ha-1 , K4 = chicken manure 4 kg plot-1 equivalent to 40 tons ha-1. The results showed that the application of chicken manure can affect the pH and soil moisture of Inceptisols and increase plant growth and production of tomato plants. K4 treatment was an effective dose on pH and soil moisture of Inceptisols, while the K3 treatment was an effective dose on the growth and production of tomato plants. This is because the application of chicken manure can provide the nutrients needed by the soil and plants. The effective dose of chicken manure on tomato yields was 3 kg plot-1 or equivalent to 30 ton ha-1.

The Effect of Seed Age and Variety Types on the Growth and Production of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Hydroponic Systems

The research aims to determine the effect of seed age and variety types on the growth and production of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with hydroponic systems. This research was conducted with factorial treatment and environmental design Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors. Factor I: The age of the seedlings (B) and Factor II. Kinds of varieties (V). The conclusion was that there was an interaction between the age of the seedlings and the variety of varieties in the observation variable for the increase in the number of leaves 28 day in the B2V1 treatment with an average yield of 15.00 leaves.

Mobile Application for Tomato Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using a Dense Convolutional Network Architecture

In Indonesia, tomato is one of the horticultural products with the highest economic value. To maintain enhanced tomato plant production, it is necessary to monitor the growth of tomato plants, particularly the leaves. The quality and quantity of tomato plant production can be preserved with the aid of computer technology. It can identify diseases in tomato plant leaves. An algorithm for deep learning with a DenseNet architecture was implemented in this study. Multiple hyperparameter tests were conducted to determine the optimal model. Using two hidden layers, a DenseNet trainable layer on dense block 5, and a dropout rate of 0.4, the optimal model was constructed. The 10-fold cross-validation evaluation of the model yielded an accuracy value of 95.7 percent and an F1-score of 95.4 percent. To recognize tomato plant leaves, the model with the best assessment results was implemented in a mobile application.

Effect of some anti-stress compounds on growth and production of tomato plants grown in winter season

Effect of some anti-stress compounds on growth and production of tomato plants grown in winter season