Production Of Polymeric Films Research Articles

Production of Polymeric Films from Orange and Ginger Waste for Packaging Application and Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Biofilms

Production of Polymeric Films from Orange and Ginger Waste for Packaging Application and Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Biofilms

Examining the Role of Aryldiazonium Salts in Surface Electroinitiated Polymerization.

Historically, the irreversible reduction of aryldiazonium salts has provided a reliable method to modify surfaces, demonstrating a catalogue of suitable diazonium salts for targeted applications. This work expands the knowledge of diazonium salt chemistry to participate in surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization (SEEP). The influence of concentration, electronic effects, and steric hindrance/regiochemistry of the diazonium salt initiator on the production of polymeric films is examined. The objective of this work is to determine if a polymer film can be tailored, controlling the thickness, density, and surface homogeneity using specific diazonium chemistry. The data presented herein demonstrate a significant difference in polymer films that can be achieved when selecting a variety of diazonium salts and vinylic monomers. A clear trend aligns with the electron-rich diazonium salt substitution providing the thickest films (up to 70.9 ± 17.8 nm) with increasing diazonium concentration and electron-withdrawing substitution achieving optimal homogeneity for the surface of the film at a 5 mM diazonium concentration.

Localized Quantitative Analysis of Polymeric Films through Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.

The present work shows, for the first time, the application of laser ablation connected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to the localized quantitative analysis of inclusions in polymeric industrial films. The multielemental mapping capabilities of LA-ICP-MS has allowed to chemically examine unique defects appeared during the plastic processing. This analytical tool is perfectly suited to detect elements such as Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Cr, P, Pb, Sb, Zn, and Si in those inclusions. A method for multielemental quantitative analysis of these defects has been developed in the present work. The profiling for more than 100 different defects in three samples has demonstrated that more than 50% of these inclusions contain aggregates of some of the aforementioned elements. Therefore, the distribution of elements used as additives or present in catalysts must be carefully controlled during the production of polymeric films in order to avoid degradation in their performance.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ СИСТЕМА АНАЛИЗА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЭКСТРУЗИОННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВАХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ПЛЕНОК

A computer system was described for evaluating the extrusion equipment state based on the analysis of data from large-capacity, multi-assortment production of polymeric films. It includes a subsystem for industrial data analysis and evaluation of state parameters of extruders. It also includes a module for calculating the clearance between extruder barrel and screw – as the clearance characterizes wear – a module for calculating dependability measures of extruders, a data and knowledge bank on characteristics of the extrusion stage, a visualization subsystem for plotting parameter trends and displaying advices on elimination of extruder element malfunctions. The system adjusts to a different assortment of polymeric films and types of extruders; it allows us to evaluate the extrusion equipment operating life and to make advice for managerial production staff on elimination of malfunctions that lead to increased vibration and wear of equipment. Testing of the system according to the data of calender and extrusion productions of polymeric films in Russian and German plants confirmed its operability and possibility of its using as advisor to operators. The use of the system allows us to save the extrusion equipment operating life and reduce its production downtime, contributing to an increase in the throughput and quality of the end product.

Steam Explosion in alkaline medium for gelatine extraction from chromium-tanned leather wastes: time reduction and process optimization

ABSTRACTAlkaline hydrolysis of chromium-tanned leather wastes (CTLW) is a well-known process that allows the extraction of its most valuable portion: the protein. However, alkaline hydrolysis is time-consuming. It usually takes from 2 to 10 h to be completed. In this work, alkaline hydrolysis was performed in a steam explosion reactor, using CaO as the alkalinizing agent and aiming at a short-time process. Three different temperatures and residence times were tested: 130, 140, and 150°C; 5, 10, and 15 min. When performed at 140°C for 10 min, the steam explosion in alkaline medium resulted in the optimum combination of protein extraction yield (30%) and gelatine quality (viscosity of 2.4 cP at 25°C in a 24.6 g/L protein solution – 39 kDa of molecular mass w). Not only a high extraction yield was achieved, but when compared to traditional methods, steam explosion in alkaline medium reduced the process time by a factor that varied from 12 to 36 times. It also reduced chromium content in the gelatine by a factor that varied from 16 to 96 times. Finally, to produce a high quality product, the ash content of the gelatine was reduced from 11.8% (dry basis) to 1.2% (dry basis) through diafiltration. This purification allows the application of the gelatine, for example, in the production of polymeric films.