Paint Manufacturing Research Articles

근대기 익산 지역 불교회화 연구

This paper aims to identify the current state of Buddhist paintings in the Iksan region with a particular focus on temples as well as introduce a variety of works. Additionally, it examines the hwaseung (monk painters) who participated in the creation of these Buddhist paintings through the analysis of hwagi (painting inscriptions) recorded on the artworks. Although there is a relatively small number of extant Buddhist paintings in the Iksan area, with 20 works across eight sites, this study attempts to address gaps in previous research by exploring the connection between the number of works and the influence of the hwaseung. This paper is particularly useful in understanding the cultural context of the Iksan region through its study of Buddhist painting production from the late 19th to the 20th century. During this period, various hwaseung groups actively worked and represented their respective regions. Members of the group known as the Gyeryongsan School such as Geumho-Yakhyo, Boeung-Munseong, and Geumyong-Ilseop gained prominence for their unique iconography and painting styles within the modern Buddhist art scene. In contrast, there were others like Hoeun-Jeongyeon who left their mark by staying steadfast in maintaining and preserving the traditional painting style of Geumho-Yakhyo. The constant exchange and mutual influence practiced amongst painters traveling across regions make it difficult to classify individuals under a specific school. However, the most prominent group of hwaseung to represent the Iksan area undoubtedly includes Hoeun-Jeongyeon, along with his contemporaries Jinwol-Cheonho and Jineum-Sango. These painters both upheld and transformed preexisting traditions. Additionally, the use of sketches led to the production of many Buddhist paintings featuring the same iconography. Although there is a limited number of works in the Iksan region, the active involvement of influential hwaseung from the 19th to 20th centuries highlights the shared iconographic and stylistic elements of the era and regional schools. Simultaneously, the hwaseung were also able to establish their individual styles through various ways such as the use of Chinese woodblock prints and the genre of hadan-tanghwa (hanging paintings), which aptly showcases each painter’s skill and abilities. The influence of the Gyeryongsan School continues in modern Buddhist painting, leaving a lasting impact on the Buddhist paintings found in the Iksan region.

IMITATION AND SALES EXPANSION OF PAINT MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN SOUTH-EAST, NIGERIA

This study investigated the relationship between imitation and sales expansion in paint manufacturing firms in South-East, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was used and questionnaire served as the instrument of data collection. Data collected were analysed using percentages and mean statistic. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, with the help of SPSS 21.0 were used to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that observation and reverse engineering have significantly and positive influence on sales volume and customer retention. The study concluded that the achievement of business growth in paint manufacturing firms depends on the extent of utilisation of observation and reverse engineering technological transfer agreement as such will lead to increased sales volume and customer retention. Based on the above, it is hereby recommended that paint manufacturing firms should go for imitation by observation so as to achieve sales expansion. These paint manufacturing firms should imitate bigger company’s technology through reverse engineering and adopt such to their system so as to achieve customer retention and increased sales volume.

STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ALKYD OLIGOMERS MODIFIED WITH AMINO URETHANE ACRYLATE COMPOUNDS BASED ON SOYBEAN OIL

The aim of the work is to modify existing paints and varnishes based on alkyd varnish (PF-170) and to create new film formers using functionalized oligomers to improve the properties of materials during their operation. In order to obtain new polymer materials, a method of synthesizing a modifier - an oligomeric amino urethane acrylate compound was developed, the synthesis of which was carried out in several stages with the preparation of aminourethane carbonate of soybean oil with the formation of urethane groups by the non-isocyanate method and the subsequent addition of a methacrylate oligomer. The reaction was monitored by the method of IR spectroscopy by the decrease in the intensity of the absorption band of the cyclocarbonate group (1803 cm–1), the formation of the absorption band of the urethane group (1698 cm-1), the redistribution of hydroxyl and amine groups, and was further evaluated by the disappearance of the absorption band of epoxy groups (909 cm–1) and the detection of the C=C absorption band (1638 cm–1). By adding the synthesized oligomer to an alkyd varnish, a new film-forming system was obtained for the formation of coatings by oxidative polymerization in air. The optimal concentration of the modifier is (5–7) % of its content. These materials are characterized by high viability, homogeneity, and make it possible to obtain transparent high-quality coatings with high physical and mechanical characteristics. The developed composite materials based on modified varnish can be recommended for practical use in various technologies for the production of coatings, alkyd varnishes, and paints, which are characterized by an appropriate set of physical and mechanical properties.

Hybrid Process Flow Diagram for Separation of Fusel Oil into Valuable Components

Ethanol production by fermentation results in obtaining, in addition to the main product, ethyl alcohol, by-products and secondary products, which include carbon dioxide, fusel oil, and ester–aldehyde cut. Fusel oil, despite its low yield and the large volume of ethanol production, accumulates at distilleries, which ultimately raises the question of its disposal or the rational use of this by-product. Fusel oil, being a complex mixture, can serve as a source of technical alcohols used in various sectors of the economy, including the food industry, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, perfume, and cosmetics industries, as well as the production of paints and varnishes. However, the complexity of using fusel oil lies in its difficult separation. The reason for this is the presence of water, which forms low-boiling azeotropes with aliphatic alcohols. Our study aimed to develop a process flow diagram (PFD) that allows individual components from fusel oil to be obtained without extraneous separating agents (not inherent in fusel oil). This condition is necessary to obtain products labeled as natural for further use in the food, perfume, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The distinctive feature of this work is that the target product is not only isoamyl alcohol but also all other alcohols present in the composition of fusel oil. To achieve this goal and create a mathematical model, the Aspen Plus V14 application, the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model, and the Vap-Liq/Liq-Liq phase equilibrium were used. Fusel oil separation was modeled using a continuous separation PFD to obtain ethanol, water, isoamyl alcohol, and raw propanol and butanol cuts. The Sorel and Barbet distillation technique was used to isolate ethanol. The isolation of isopropanol and 1-propanol, as well as isobutanol and 1-butanol, was modeled using the batch distillation method. The isolation of fusel oil components was based on their thermodynamic properties and the selection of appropriate techniques for their separation, such as extraction, distillation, pressure swing distillation, and decantation. The simulation of fusel oil separation PFD showed the possibility of obtaining the components of a complex mixture without separating agents, as discussed earlier. Ethanol corresponds to the quality of rectified ethyl alcohol, and 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohols to anhydrous alcohols, whereas isopropanol (which contains an admixture of ethanol), 1-propanol, and isobutanol are obtained as aqueous solutions of different concentrations of alcohols. However, due to a distillation boundary in the raw propanol and butanol cuts, these mixtures cannot be separated completely, which leads to the production of intermediate fractions. To eliminate intermediate fractions and obtain anhydrous isopropanol, 1-propanol, and isobutanol in the future, it is necessary to solve the dehydration problem of either fusel oil or the propanol–butanol mixture.

Digital technology integration innovation and visual symbol design of Huizhou ink painting skills under bioengineering

In response to the problems of insufficient interactive experience and unstable inheritance caused by information loss and deformation in the teaching process of Huizhou ink painting skills, this article explores a new method to protect and inherit Huizhou ink painting skills through the integration of biotechnology and digital technology. At the same time, a modern visual symbol design is developed to revitalize this ancient art form in contemporary society and promote its dissemination and exchange worldwide. Firstly, traditional Huizhou ink painting materials were analyzed using biotechnology to understand their composition, structure, and aging mechanism. Scientific and effective protective measures were proposed, and a database was constructed by collecting and matching images of each step in the process. Then use 3D modeling to model the manufacturing tools. By extracting visual elements from micro ink artwork images, drawing basic graphics, and completing visual symbol design. Finally, integrate Unity and Vuforia Engine to design an interactive experience module for Weizhou ink painting production skills, creating an immersive digital interactive environment. In the improved micro ink production process experience display experiment, compared with the existing graphic and textual display methods, the audience's satisfaction and innovation scores for the digital integration method were 19.1% and 21.6% higher, respectively. The conclusion indicates that bioengineering analysis can accurately identify and delay the aging process of ink painting materials, while digital technology has successfully achieved high-quality digital reconstruction of classic works.

Ecological risk assessment of p-toluidine in freshwater, sediment, and soil media.

Para-toluidine (p-toluidine) is a high production volume chemical, of which about 5,000 tons/year are imported into Korea as of the 2018 registration. This substance is mainly used as an intermediate in the manufacture of paints, azo dyes, and pigments. In this study, an ecological risk assessment of p-toluidine was performed to investigate the risk to the environment assuming the worst-case exposure scenario. Ecotoxicity data was collected from the literature and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was derived. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC) was calculated using the SimpleBox Korea v2.0 model. Hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated based on PEC and PNEC. The concentration of p-toluidine was measured in soil samples from workplaces with a HQ exceeding 1 to verify the results of modeling. PNECs for surface water, sediment, and soil were 0.00022 mg/L, 0.0025 mg/kg (dw), and 0.00037 mg/kg (dw), respectively. Based on regional-scale PEC, the HQ of freshwater, sediment, and soil media were all less than 1, but the HQ exceeded 1 at some local sites. Based on the fact that the measured environmental concentration in soil samples around the workplace is below the limit of detection and that all waste is incinerated at the actual workplace, p-toluidine is not likely to pose a high risk to the environment in Korea.

Disorder optimization in the mixed convective dynamics of nonlinear shear thinning materials with the significance of wavy surface amplitude and thermal resistance

A mixed convective driven wavy motion of the pseudo-plastic materials is very significant in different practical fields, like the production of paints and ketchup, etc. Blood flow through wavy vessels is another very practical aspect of this study. Energy conversion processes and effective resource use are one of the burning and hot topics when studying heat flow rate through materials. Main theme of this work is to optimize the heat energy conversion by introducing irreversible viscous dissipation and thermally radiative factors. In particular cases, the heat flow rate needs to be enhanced for low energy consumption. This is why, in such cases, the wavy surface flows are preferred by plane surfaces. The proposed problem is presented with highly non-linear mathematical equations. Some assumptions and variables address the mathematical equations in easily solvable forms. The findings are shown regarding the material's velocity, concentration, temperature, resistive forces, and heat-mass flow rates. A remarkable reduction in liquid velocity and enhancement in concentration and temperature is observed with the variation in amplitude of the wavy surface. The irreversible process is maximized due to the higher involvement of temperature ratio and thermal radiation factors, respectively. The ratio of infinite and zero shear rate viscosities reduced the concentration of the liquid. For method validation, a best-matched comparison is provided with literature.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТЕЙ ІНІЦІЙОВАНОЇ ПЕРОКСИДАМИ ОЛІГОМЕРИЗАЦІЇ ФРАКЦІЇ С5

The results of the study of organic peroxide-initiated oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the C5 fraction, obtained as a by-product of ethane production by gasoline pyrolysis, are presented. The effect of temperature, duration of the process, nature, and concentration of the initiator on the yield and physicochemical parameters of the obtained oligomer was studied. The influence of temperature, process duration, type, and concentration of the initiator on the yield and physicochemical parameters of the oligomer obtained has been determined. The optimum conditions for oligomerization were found to be: temperature 453 K, reaction time 6 h, and concentration of the initiator, di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), 0.05 mol/l. Under optimal conditions, an oligomer is obtained with a yield of 25.8 % w/w (based on raw materials), the physical and chemical parameters of which meet the requirements according to TU U 6-05743160.020-99 “Petroleum-polymer paint and varnish resin synthetic”; and it is suitable for use as a synthetic oil substitute in the production of paints and varnishes, in particular, Oxol.

Development of flame retardant slow release insecticides paint and testing its efficacy for four years against dengue and malaria vectors

Insecticide based paint formulations have been available since years, however the concept of using such paint products at household level did not get attention due to various reasons. The advancement in insecticidal paint technology has steered toward the development and evaluation of such formulations for use against arthropod vectors. The improved insecticidal paint formulations may contain two or more active agents, hence could display different type of activity against the target vectors. In the present study, optimum concentrations of deltamethrin (1%), chlorpyriphos (0.5%) and pyriproxyfen (0.075%) were used as active ingredients (AIs) to develop flame retardant slow-release insecticides paint (FRSRIP) formulation. The developed formulation was tested for physico-chemical properties, toxicity and efficacy against two important mosquito vectors. The formulation was glossy, smooth, uniform and scratch proof. Furthermore, the formulation was flame retardant and conformed to class-A according to the guidelines. Acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity suggested that the formulation is safe for use in human dwellings. The formulation was evaluated against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquitoes in laboratory upto four years. It was found that KDT50 after 24 months (T24) was 14.8 ± 0.8 min and 17.1 ± 1.0 min, while after 48 month (T48) was 21.3 ± 2.0 min and 22.4 ± 1.4 min in both Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi respectively. KDT50 was found varying during the different time intervals (T6 to T48) in both Ae. aegypti (p = 0.01) and An. stephensi (p = 0.0003). Furthermore the corrected mortality (CM) also found statistically declined during the period of evaluation (T6 to T48) in both the test species (F ≥ 42. 4; p ≤ 0.0001). Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that survived FRSRIP exposure exhibited overall decline in total eggs laid, eggs hatched, pupae formed and adult emerged at different time intervals upto T21. Behavioural experiments showed that both the tested species elicited negative response to the test formulation. The concentrations of all the three active agents were estimated by HPLC after different time intervals, however only deltamethrin (0.24%) was found after T48. The developed formulation was stable, safe and effective against mosquito vectors for a considerably longer time. In the pretext of continuous toll of vector borne diseases and trans-boundary expansion of mosquito vectors into new geographical areas, the idea of using insecticidal paint could be a game changer.

State of the Art and Challenges in Complete Benzene Oxidation: A Review.

Increased levels and detrimental effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on air quality and human health have become an important issue in the environmental field. Benzene is classified as one of the most hazardous air pollutants among non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects. Various technologies have been applied to decrease harmful emissions from various sources such as petrochemistry, steel manufacturing, organic chemical, paint, adhesive, and pharmaceutical production, vehicle exhausts, etc. Catalytic oxidation to CO2 and water is an attractive approach to VOC removal due to high efficiency, low energy consumption, and the absence of secondary pollution. However, catalytic oxidation of the benzene molecule is a great challenge because of the extraordinary stability of its six-membered ring structure. Developing highly efficient catalysts is of primary importance for effective elimination of benzene at low temperatures. This review aims to summarize and discuss some recent advances in catalyst composition and preparation strategies. Advantages and disadvantages of using noble metal-based catalysts and transition metal oxide-based catalysts are addressed. Effects of some crucial factors such as catalyst support nature, metal particle size, electronic state of active metal, redox properties, reactivity of lattice oxygen and surface adsorbed oxygen on benzene removal are explored. Thorough elucidation of reaction mechanisms in benzene oxidation is a prerequisite to develop efficient catalysts. Benzene oxidation mechanisms are analyzed based on in situ catalyst characterization, reaction kinetics, and theoretical simulation calculations. Considering the role of oxygen vacancies in improving catalytic performance, attention is given to oxygen defect engineering. Catalyst deactivation due to coexistence of water vapor and other pollutants, e.g., sulfur compounds, is discussed. Future research directions for rational design of catalysts for complete benzene oxidation are provided.

Unraveling the opposite behaviors of Pt/MOx catalysts for toluene and o-xylene mixture oxidation: Modulating mixing effect by optimization supports

Actual industrial emissions usually contain multiple aromatic VOCs, but little is known about adsorption and oxidation behaviors of multicomponent aromatic VOCs over catalysts, which limits the practical application of catalytic oxidation technology. Herein, the adsorption and oxidation of toluene and o-xylene mixture generated during paint production over Pt-based supported catalysts (Pt/NiO, Pt/Co3O4, Pt/Nb2O5 and Pt/CeO2) were investigated. Pt/Nb2O5 and Pt/CeO2 catalysts significantly promoted the oxidation of mixture. However, Pt/NiO and Pt/Co3O4 catalysts exhibited more difficulties in degrading mixed VOCs. Characterization results revealed that Pt/NiO and Pt/Co3O4 possessed higher percentage of surface adsorbed oxygen. Pt/Nb2O5 and Pt/CeO2 had more surface lattice oxygen, Pt0 species and acid sites. The weak competitive adsorption over Pt/Nb2O5 and Pt/CeO2 catalysts might be related to their acidic and electronic properties. In situ experiments proved that surface adsorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen of Pt/CeO2 could oxidize toluene and o-xylene simultaneously at lower temperature. However, the depleted oxygen species on Pt/Co3O4 could not be replenished in time due to the strong competitive adsorption and different oxidation mechanisms. This study uncovers the mixing effect of toluene and o-xylene over Pt/MOx catalysts, which provides a guiding direction towards the development of catalysts for efficient degradation of multicomponent VOCs.

Revolutionizing applications: the impact of controlled surface chemistry on marble powder.

A large amount of marble powder is abundantly available as a byproduct and waste in the marble industry, and its reinforcement has been attempted in several applications through surface modification. This article examines the use of MP in the production of rubber, paper, foam stabilizers, asphalt, paint, textiles, and adhesives. This article aims to provide a foundation for the surface modification of MP to enhance its properties and broaden its range of applications. Data on modifiers such as organic acids, coupling agents, polymers, and surfactants have been gathered, along with comprehensive reaction details for various techniques, including wet modification, dry modification, in situ modification, ultrasonication, and sol-gel methods. A general overview of MP modification and its impact on composite properties is provided in this review paper, mainly focusing on the distinctive features of composites, contemporary field challenges, and the correlation between the properties and applications of MP.

Effect of particle concentration during kneading on the particle dispersion state of carbon slurry

Slurries are used across various industries, with particle dispersion control being crucial for optimizing product properties. The kneading process, involving high particle concentration kneading followed by dilution, is known to enhance particle dispersion in the production of electrodes and paint. However, not all industries that optimize product characteristics through particle dispersion control in slurries adopt the kneading process. This study analyzes the impact of kneading conditions on slurry properties, using carbon slurries as a case study to elucidate its true effects. Our findings revealed that as the particle concentration increased during kneading, particles exhibited behaviors such as “dispersed,” “aggregated,” “dispersed and then aggregated,” and “unchanged.” Traditionally, kneading has been viewed as a method to promote particle dispersion. However, this study highlights the need for a renewed understanding of kneading effects, challenging the conventional perception of its role in affecting particle dispersion.

Training on MSME’s Development Strategies in Wooden Painting Crafts (study case Bloomy Wooden Art)

The variety of works of painting in each region creates high competition between one painter and another in marketing their products. Considering that in the 2000s, the development of the 'fine arts market' in Indonesia experienced very rapid growth, especially in the achievement of works and products. Bloomy Wooden Art is a company (home industry) which operates in the field of painting crafts using wood media which has been shaped into wall decorations, multi-purpose boxes, tissue boxes, trays, glasses, bowls, decorative tables, etc. The painting arts highlighted here are naturalistic such as flowers, fruit and natural beauty along with elements and animals. The aim of the service is to implement the strategy for developing wood painting craft MSMEs in West Jakarta. The method of implementing service is in 3 (three) stages, namely the preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. Theory in evaluation uses SWOT analysis to determine weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities. Based on the results of initial observations, Bloomy Wooden Art painting MSMEs are generally running well, but there are still shortcomings in terms of marketing aspects of wooden painting products using the social media Instagram which are not optimal, the availability of raw materials and supporting equipment and knowledge in the field of marketing.

Analysis of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield-related Traits of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Linseed is recognized as an excellent source of essential minerals, nutrients, and is particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), making it highly recommended for cardiovascular health. It is cultivated mainly for both linen and oil production, which is used for the production of paints, varnishes, and linoleum paste. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and yield traits among 75 linseed genotypes including ten checks using Randomized Block Design with three replications at Oilseeds Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, (India) during Rabi season 2019-20. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation across all studied traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from low to high, with the lowest GCV and PCV observed for days to maturity, number of seeds per capsule, and days to 50% flowering. Conversely, the highest GCV and PCV values were recorded for seed yield per plant (g), number of capsules per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, and plant height. All traits recorded the highest heritability. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, plant height, thousand seed weight, number of primary branches and oil content, indicating the presence of additive gene action for these characters. In conclusion, the genotypes studied show significant genetic variation for yield and its attributes, which should be leveraged in future breeding programs.

Simbolik Geometri Dalam Catan Sulaiman Esa Melalui Prinsip Seni Islam

This paper explains geometric motifs through Islamic aesthetic point of view in the painting Garden of Mystery VI (1992) by Sulaiman Esa. Islamic art prescribes the whole way of life and all the activities that humans carry out in syumul (complete togetherness), including in the study of art. Islamic art is one of the advances in the civilization of the Islamic world and geometry is among the three motifs of Islamic art that are highly praised by the world community apart from calligraphy and Arabes. Islam has established those religious aspects play an important role in determining the basis and foundation to produce an element in the arts. It can be identified in geometric motifs through shape, meaning and symbolism that tend to have the concept of ‘Shari'a’. The main purpose of the study was to identify the types of geometric motifs and patterns in the painting artwork Garden of Mystery VI (1992). Explore the relationship between formalistic aspects of Islamic art and aesthetics through the production of Sulaiman Esa's paintings. This study also aims to see the aesthetic value of Islam which involves the pronunciation of symmetry in the context of mathematical culture. The written and visual data collection methodology in this study uses a qualitative approach that involves the design of case studies based on fieldwork empirical data obtained. Methods of observation, documentation and visual recording were used for the collection of research information. The findings of the study show that geometric motifs are decorations in Islamic art that comply with Islamic law and have their own privileges. An understanding of the form, purpose, philosophy, concept and purpose of geometric design application should be applied in Islamic painting artwork to form Islamic images and identities. Once again guide Islamic painters to internalise, understand and try to stimulate painters to dignify the true motives of Islam.

Digital twin-based multi-granularity synchronisation for production-warehousing under batch processing mode

Batch production is a cost-effective way that boosts efficiency in manufacturing systems. As customer demands become increasingly customised, there is a growing need to consolidate numerous small-batch orders. However, if batch production exceeds the optimal level, it may lead to the premature completion of customer orders, causing temporary congestion in the finished goods warehouse and prolonged resource occupation. Consequently, an essential focus of this study pertains to coordinating decision-making units like workshops and warehouses within batch production setups to ensure stable system operation amidst dynamic customer demands. The proposed solution encompasses a Digital Twin-based Multi-level Synchronised Control System (DTMCS) framework, featuring the Multi-granularity Synchronised Control Mechanism (MgSCM) and a collaborative optimisation model for batch production and warehouse planning. By examining a practical case study from a paint manufacturing company, the research delves into the effects of four synchronised control patterns on various system performance metrics, such as operating costs, equipment and warehouse utilisation rates, and system stability. Overall, this study provides an adaptable and cost-effective solution for enhancing production-logistics synchronisation.

Linear Programming and Product Mix of Paint Manufacturing Firms in Port Harcourt

This study examined the relationship between linear programming and product mix of paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. This study adopted a correlational survey research design. The population of the study was 10 selected paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt as retrieved from Nigerian business directory (2024). 3 managers were selected from each firm multiplied by 10 firms gives us a total of 30 respondents. Structured questionnaire was used in data collection. The result of the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test indicates .804 which is above .70 which implies that the items are reliable. Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS (statistical package social sciences). The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between Ellipsoid Linear Programming and Product Mix of paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Graphical method Linear Programming and Product Mix of paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Simplex Linear Programming and Product Mix of paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. In conclusion, Linear programming is a powerful mathematical tool that can be effectively utilized by paint manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt to optimize their product mix and maximize profits. The paint manufacturing firms should conduct a thorough analysis of market demand for different types of paint products to identify profitable opportunities for product mix optimization.

Lung Function Impairment Among Paint Factory Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

A paint factory or manufacturing is a vocation characterized by exposure to chemical hazards during production. Paint exposure plays a great role in the incidence of several health problems, particularly respiratory diseases. The study aims to assess the pattern of spirometric indices amongthe study population. This cross-sectional study of paint factory workers (PFWs)assesses their spirometric findings in Delta State, Nigeria. The participants for this study were divided into two groups; the PFWs and the non-PFWs (NPFW) which serve as the control group. Hundredand 200participants wererecruited for the study group and control, respectively. Among the participants in the paint worker cohort, 45 individuals (45.0%) had been employed for less than five years while 14 (14.0%) had worked over 10 years. Eighty-eight (88%) are aware of PPE; however, only 12 (12.0%) use them always.Findings show that 178(89.0%) vs. seven (7.0%) of NPFW and PFW had normal pulmonary function tests. The spirometric abnormalities within the PFW group were obstructive lung diseaseaffecting 59 (59.0%) of the cohort while 34 (34.0%) had restrictive lung patterns. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from paint fumesis associated with spirometric abnormalities with obstructive patterns more predominant than restrictive patterns.

Exploring of Bacterial Pigments from Thamirabarani River Alluvial Soil: Harnessing their Versatility in Dye and Paint Manufacturing

Color is a fundamental aspect of human life, playing a vital role in culture and industry. The paints and coatings industry, a significant sector within global manufacturing, has seen increased scrutiny due to its environmental and health impacts. Conventional paints contain harmful chemicals like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and solvents, which pose risks to both workers and the environment. Recent shifts towards natural and bio-based pigments, particularly those derived from microorganisms, offer a promising alternative. Microbial pigments, such as those produced by chromogenic bacteria, provide eco-friendly, non-toxic colorants with additional benefits like antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This review highlights the potential of bacterial pigments in various applications, particularly in the textile industry as natural dyes, and discusses their role in reducing the environmental footprint of synthetic pigments. The study also emphasizes the importance of further research into improving the production and stability of these bio- pigments for broader commercial use in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.