Production Of Hybrids Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the main economic and biological parameters of maize hybrids that determine their productivity

Corn kernels are characterised by the presence of all the nutrients, macro- and microelements necessary for growth and development in an easily digestible form. Considering the differentiation of soil and climatic zones of cultivation, the breeding process is designed to establish hybrids of different maturity groups. The research purposes to evaluate maize hybrids of different maturity groups for a set of economic and biological traits of productivity, high-yield stability, and further cultivation in production conditions suitable for mechanised harvesting. Methods used in the research include informational, theoretical analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison and generalisation; research identification, and measurement. During the research, a systematic analysis was applied, considering the uniqueness of technical, productive, and economic conditions for growing hybrid corn. The research results demonstrate that to achieve successful regulation of maize hybrids productivity and improve their quality, it is necessary to select for suitability for specific soils and climatic zones, considering the biological requirements for seeds and developing effective agrotechnical means designed for processes occurring at different stages of growth and development. The seeds of corn hybrids, formed by breeding, were determined by a high nutrient content: In mid-early corn, the content of crude protein was 9.2-9.9%, crude fat – 4.2-4.4%, BER (nitrogen-free extractives) – 82.5-83.3%, starch – 71.4-73.7%; in the medium-late group, the content of crude protein ranged from 9.8-10.4%, crude fat from 4.1-4.6%, BER from 80.6-82.2%, and starch from 70.2-74.1%. The medium-early group of hybrids obtained the optimal height of 245-276 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds – 308-344 g, the ratio of node height to plant height – 0.445; the medium-ripening group respectively 296-351 cm, 318-382 g, 0.455

Study of winter wheat genetic resources and genetic sources with drought resistance identification for selection and production usage

The problem of drought is acute in a large area of Russia, which will not decrease in the coming decades, but will grow. The most important measures to combat drought are the selection of drought- and heat-resistant crops and the creation of varieties for various ecological and geographical zones of Russia based on the widespread use of the World Collections of Agricultural Plants. The results of the study of the gene pool of winter wheat during severe atmospheric drought, which manifested itself twice in 50 years of studying genetic resources from different countries in 1972 and 2010, are presented. The primary tasks were the mobilization of new forms of drought-resistant plants from the arid zones of Russia, as well as from abroad, the expansion of research on the identification of genetic sources and donors of drought resistance, the creation and accelerated introduction into agricultural production of new drought-resistant varieties and hybrids of winter wheat.

First Study of Ascaris lumbricoides from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny.

There is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum, and A. ovis) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or morphologically distinguished. However, despite described morphological differences, e.g., due to intraspecific variation, these are insufficient for species determination and may indicate differences amongst ascarids because of cross infections, hybrid production, and specific adaptations to hosts. Herein, the results of a molecular and morphological analysis of ascarids parasitising Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) in native populations are presented. The research took place in the Bukit Lawang area, Indonesia, in 2009. Throughout the year, fresh faecal samples were collected regularly from 24 orangutans, and all were examined for the presence of nematode adults. Only five adult worms from two orangutan females were found during regular collection. Using the integrative taxonomic approach, the nematodes found were identified as A. lumbricoides. The significance of the find and its rarity is documented by the fact that this is the first confirmed finding of adult ascarids from an original orangutan site (not from a zoo) in more than 130 years (including the long-term study spanning the last 20 years focusing on orangutan parasites and natural antiparasitic drugs). More accurate morphometric parameters and genetic differences for the identification of ascarids were established. These parameters will be helpful for other findings in great apes and will also be suitable for further and precise determination of this parasite. The details distinguishing between male and female specimens are also stated and well defined. A comprehensive evaluation of the situation of Ascaris species parasitising orangutans, including a comparison with previously described orangutan parasite (i.e., A. satyri-species inquirenda), is discussed.

Climate and Environmental Changes and Their Potential Effects on the Dynamics of Chagas Disease: Hybridization in Rhodniini (Hemiptera, Triatominae).

Chagas disease affects about eight million people. In view of the issues related to the influence of anthropogenic changes in the dynamics of the distribution and reproductive interaction of triatomines, we performed experimental crosses between species of the Rhodniini tribe in order to evaluate interspecific reproductive interactions and hybrid production capacity. Reciprocal crossing experiments were conducted among Rhodnius brethesi × R. pictipes, R. colombiensis × R. ecuadoriensis, R. neivai × R. prolixus, R. robustus × R. prolixus, R. montenegrensis × R. marabaensis; R. montenegrensis × R. robustus, R. prolixus × R. nasutus and R. neglectus × R. milesi. With the exception of crosses between R. pictipes ♀ × R. brethesi ♂, R. ecuadoriensis ♀ × R. colombiensis ♂ and R. prolixus ♀ × R. neivai ♂, all experimental crosses resulted in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that both allopatric and sympatric species produce hybrids, which can generate concern for public health agencies in the face of current anthropogenic events. Thus, we demonstrate that species of the Rhodniini tribe are capable of producing hybrids under laboratory conditions. These results are of great epidemiological importance and raise an important discussion about the influence of climatic and environmental interactions on Chagas disease dynamics.

Geochemical characterization, U–Pb apatite geochronology, and geodynamic significance of olivine minette dykes from the Julian Alps, NE Italy

AbstractWe investigated olivine minette dykes from the Rio Colan Valley of the Julian Alps (NE Italy) to provide new constraints on the mantle geochemistry underneath this extreme sector of the Italian Southern Alps. Petrographic observations, high Mg#s, high Cr and Ni contents, low Dy/YbCN ratios and flat heavy rare earth element (REE) profiles imply these are primary magmas derived from a depleted peridotite with olivine and garnet as possible residual phases. However, high K2O and incompatible trace element contents, coupled with superchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, suggest that the source was modified into a rutile–phlogopite-bearing carbonated peridotite by multiple metasomatic events such as recycling of crustal material and carbonatitic metasomatism related to an old orogenic event and rutile-rich metasomatism linked to the Pangaea break-up. Laser ablation – multi-collector – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometer (LA-MC-ICP-MS) U–Pb geochronology of apatites from two dykes yielded differences between unforced and forced discordia ages up to ∼45 Ma, likely due to the initial 207Pb/206Pb correction adopted. Nonetheless, because forced discordia and 206Pb/238U weighted mean ages are overall similar within the uncertainty, our preferred interpretation is that olivine minettes intruded and crystallized at ∼67 Ma. The age and anorogenic signature of these magmas are consistent with the regional extensional tectonics in the Julian Alps due to the advance of the external Dinaric front following Adria plate eastward subduction. Eventually, we show also that Rio Colan magmas are geochemically hybrid products between lamprophyres and lamproites compared with similar Italian and Western Mediterranean volcanics.

A two-step methodology for product platform design and assessment in high-variety manufacturing

The delayed product differentiation (DPD) recently rose as a hybrid production strategy able to overcome the main limits of make to stock (MTS) and make to order (MTO), guaranteeing the management of high variety and keeping low storage cost and quick response time by using the so-called product platforms. These platforms are a set of sub-systems forming a common structure from which a set of derivative variants can be efficiently produced. Platforms are manufactured and stocked following an MTS strategy. Then, they are customized into different variants, following an MTO strategy. Current literature proposes methods for platform design mainly using optimization techniques, which usually have a high computational complexity for efficiently managing real-size industrial instances in the modern mass customization era. Hence, efficient algorithms need to be developed to manage the product platforms design for such instances. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a two-step methodology for product platforms design and assessment in high-variety manufacturing. The design step involves the use of a novel modified algorithm for solving the longest common subsequence (LCS) problem and of the k-medoids clustering for the identification of the platform structure and the assignment of the variants to the platforms. The platforms are then assessed against a set of industrial and market metrics, i.e. the MTS cost, the variety, the customer responsiveness, and the variants production cost. The evaluation of the platform set against such a combined set of drivers enhancing both company and market perspectives is missing in the literature. A real case study dealing with the manufacturing of a family of valves exemplifies the efficiency of the methodology in supporting companies in managing high-variety to best balance the proposed metrics.

Hybrid Spreadable Cheese Analogues with Faba Bean and Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Flours: Optimisation Using Desirability-Based Mixture Design.

Hybrid products could help bridge the gap as new alternative diets emerge in response to the demand for less animal protein, while recent studies suggest that the Western population is not yet ready to fully embrace an alternative protein-based diet. This study used a desirability-based mixture design to model hybrid spreadable cheese analogues (SCAs). The design combined milk protein concentrate (MPC), Tenebrio molitor (IF) and faba bean (FBP) flours, representing 7.1% of the formula. Nine SCAs with different MPC/FBP/IF ratios were formulated. Incorporating the IF negatively impacted the desirable texture properties. The FBP flour improved the texture (increasing firmness and stickiness and decreasing spreadability), but only when combined with MPC. Sensory analysis showed that hybrid SCAs (≤50% MPC) C2, C7 and C9 had a more characteristic cheesy flavour than the commercial plant-based reference, and sample C2 had a texture profile similar to the dairy reference. Samples containing IF (C7 and C9) showed a better flavour profile than that without IF (C2). The SCAs had higher protein and lower saturated fat, starch and sugar content than commercial analogues. The study suggests that incorporating alternative proteins in hybrid products can be an effective approach to reduce animal protein content, specifically dairy, in food formulations.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИСПЫТАНИЙ ГИБРИДОВ ЯРОВОГО РАПСА КОМПАНИИ КВС В ПОЧВЕННО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The research was carried out to study the productivity and adaptability of hybrids of spring rapeseed KWS Ethnos KL, Jazz KWS, Joshua KWS, Jungle KWS, KWS Jarus, Jerome on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2021-2022 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC (Narmonka village, Laishevsky municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Agroecological Research Center of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that according to the field germination of 6 compared variants of spring rapeseed, the hybrid Dnarus differed (field germination - 74%), this variant also had the highest seedling growth rate – 0.18 g/plant. In terms of resistance to pests and diseases, the hybrids Jarus and Jazz differed. Thus, according to these variants, the total number of affected plants from the total number of seedlings was minimal and amounted to 30.8 and 31.5%, respectively. On the same variants, there was maximum safety (38.4 and 36.5 pcs. m2) and plant height (128 and 119 cm). The formation of tall hybrids of Jarus and Jazz contributed to a decrease in the contamination of crops. In these variants, there was a minimum number of weeds – 7.6 and 7.9 pcs/m2, respectively. When analyzing the structure of the crop, the maximum indicators for all studied parameters were also in the hybrids Jarus and Jas, which ultimately contributed to the formation of maximum yields – 4.11 and 3.61 t/ha, respectively, for hybrids.

Hybrid Fungicides – An Easy Bridge to Trial of Biological Component for Improved Resistance Management and Better Crop Protection

The global search for plant-protection solutions that are both environmentally safe and effective is driven by the need to supply food to the ever-growing world population. The call for chemical load reduction is an important aspect for sustainable agriculture. Toxicity to non-target organisms and negative effects on human health by synthetic agrochemicals have led to a resurgence of interest in 'natural' means of pest and pathogen control, including new sources of biopesticides and botanical pesticides. In addition, there has been increasing pressure concerning the main challenges in crop protection, including better resistance management, regulatory demands, and consumer concerns. The control of plant diseases has depended increasingly on the extensive use of toxic pesticides. Inappropriate and prolonged applications of traditional chemical pesticides lead to environmental damage and adverse health effects. Furthermore, the extensive use of chemical pesticides led to the development of resistance to various plant pathogens. Therefore, improving resistance management is important. Also, consumers, including retail food chains, today demand healthier foods and more sustainable products with less chemical residue. Furthermore, an increasing number of governments and retail food chains have established strictly enforced chemical residue limits. If crops exceed these limits, they will not be allowed to enter these countries and retail food chains. However, there are several barriers to trial of biological products by growers, including the following: a). Biological products have a reputation for not working very effectively. Today there are many biological products that are as effective as synthetic chemicals, but the early impression from years ago remains among many growers, b) growers are very busy with current demands on their time, with most not having the time to learn new biology, reformulate their treatment regime, mixing and testing, and c) general resistance to change. Therefore, a new concept of 'hybrid products', as an easy bridge to trial biological component is suggested. Hybrid fungicides i.e., a combination of a natural product such as Tea Tree Oil (TTO) with broad-spectrum activity and a traditional site-specific chemical can be the 'bridge' between conventional agrochemical farming and sustainable farming. That is because it is a 'pre-mix' and is used in the same way as the grower's current chemical pesticide. Unlike other combinations based on two synthetic chemicals which in most cases have limited mechanisms of action, a premix with a botanical product provides multiple modes of action with an advantage for resistance management.

Application of RAPD Parameters to Estimate the Genetic Dimension of Sunflower Genotypes

The experiment was conducted in the Genetics Laboratory/Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Kufa in 2021. The aim of the experiment is to know the genetic changes between six strains of sunflower for the purpose of benefiting from them in the production of hybrids. The technique of random polymorphism of the DNA chain based on PCR technology and 5 primers were used in the study, as the UPGMA method was used to know genetic similarity and kinship between strains. As they were separated into two main groups, A, B and secondary and sub-secondary groups, and based on RAPD indicators and common traits, the variance ratio for the first component was 36.619% While the second component gave a genetic variance percentage of 29.379%, totaling 65.998%, the Euclidean distance reached the highest distance between strain C and F, which amounted to 0.158, and the lowest distance between strain A, B and strain D, G, which amounted to 0.021

Effect of Foliar Feeding with Copper Nanoparticles on Growth and Yield of Broccoli Crosses

The test was conducted in 2021-2022 at the Horticulture and Landscape Department fields - agriculture collage – Diyala University. The study was to examin the result of foliar spray through nano and chelated copper on the growth and production of broccoli hybrids. The foliar spray was used at three levels (0 mg.L-1, 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1, 40 mg.L-1) whereas five cultivars (v) of broccoli were used and these are: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Masturi (V4), and Danar (V5). The results have shown that foliar application of nano copper has significantly affected on the crop growth and production. The highest production was 67.82 t.h-1 and and most of the vegetative and fruitful growth traits were at a concentration of nano-copper 20 mg.L-1. Whereas the results of the effect of foliar spray on broccoli varieties, the V2 has the highest florets 1.363 kg and the total yield was (56.81 h-1) and the chlorophyll index in the leaves was 0.801, and the florets content of carbohydrates, the Danar variety excelled in the leaf area, which amounted to 175.49, while the Matsuri variety excelled in the height of the plant, with an average height of 98.55 cm.

Potential of Molecular Plant Breeding for Sustaining the Global Food Security

New alleles are continuously added to bring novel traits which are selected using genetic manipulations. Understanding the genes responsible for a particular phenotype involves recent genomic approaches which are to be integrated with conventional breeding programs for the crop improvement. Use of biotechnological tools merged with the conventional breeding practices has resulted molecular plant breeding which has significant contributions to food production, despite the presence of narrow genetic base in current materials used for breeding purposes. Use of molecular markers along with high-throughput genome sequencing efforts, have dramatically augmented our information to characterize the elite germplasm for the production of hybrids and improved populations. This review focuses on possibilities for the need and application of molecular breeding tools in the genetic improvement of the crop plants which can ensure sustainable food production for the increasing global population.

Hybrid Cost-Tolerance Allocation and Production Strategy Selection for Complex Mechanisms: Simulation and Surrogate Built-In Optimization Models

Abstract In manufacturing companies, assembly is an essential process to obtain the final product. The life cycle of an assembly product depends on various production strategies, e.g., resource allocation, rework decision, selection strategy, etc. In this regard, achieving a reliable assembly product commence with engineering a comprehensive design plan which can mitigate various uncertainties a company can face. The counteraction of uncertainties can be altered by introducing a set of tolerances into the design of the components. Tolerances define a practical margin on components design without downgrading the required performance of products. Thus, producers are confronted with high-quality requirements, cost pressure, and a rising number of demands. On these bases, this paper aims at modeling a statistical framework for a set of production strategies, including resource allocation (as a decision to assign practical resources to components) and reworking decision (as a decision to improve components’ conformity rate). Moreover, a generic simulation and surrogate approach are established to evaluate the performance of the assembled product. Within this approach, simulation and surrogate models can be used to investigate a variety of deviations over components’ geometries within the process deviation domain and deploy reworking decision. Ultimately, a modular costing system is developed, and a genetic algorithm is adapted to locate optimal solutions. In addition, the applicability of the statistical model is studied on an assembly product.

Assessing users-designers’ gap of perception to help design for a hybrid product domain: application to sport-health product domain

Purpose Regarding industrial sports products, there is sometimes a dual sport and health meaning intended by designers. Appearances of sport products are often quite opposite to health products. Design choices made by designers can thus be misunderstood by users. This paper aims to deeper understand the perception gap between designers and users within earlier stages of the design process to limit this confusion and help designers. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an approach to help designers defining the perception of a new dual and hybrid product field. The first step is to collect designers’ perception through interviews combined with card sorting. The second step is to compare the perception of designers with that of users. Comparisons are based on an agreement measure. Findings The approach provides a first step to evaluate the perception of a dual hybrid product field. It allows designers to extract trends and perceptions to be considered for the design of products, to consolidate and confirm their intuitions regarding the intended dual meaning. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is to evaluate the perception of a new and non-defined hybrid product field presenting a duality in appearance. This approach can be used by designers either to identify trends to be considered, reinforce the intended meaning, or validate their intuitions while designing products with dual meanings before.

Investigation into the Physicochemical and Textural Properties of an Iron-Rich 3D-Printed Hybrid Food

In the context of dietary transition, blending animal-source protein with plant-source protein offers a promising way to exploit their nutritional complementarity. This study investigates the feasibility of formulating an iron-rich hybrid food product blending plant-source and animal-source protein ingredients for iron-deficient populations. Using a commercial 3D-food printer, two different-shaped products composed mainly of pork and chicken liver and red lentils were designed. After baking at 180 °C with 70% steam, the 3D-printed products were packed under two different modified atmospheres (MAP): O2-MAP (70% oxygen + 30% carbon dioxide) and N2-MAP (70% nitrogen + 30% carbon dioxide) and stored at 4 °C. pH, water content, aw, lipid oxidation, heme iron and non-heme iron contents and textural properties were measured after 0, 7, 14 and 21 days in storage. After 21 days in storage, the 3D-printed hybrid products had an iron content of around 13 mg/100 g, regardless of the product form and packaging method. However, O2-MAP products showed significant (p < 0.05) time-course changes from day 0 to day 7, i.e., an increase in lipid oxidation, a decrease in heme iron content and an increase in product hardness, gumminess and chewiness. This work opens prospects for developing hybrid food products that upvalue animal by-products.

Fissured legacies in Roysten Abel's In Othello

In Othello (2003) offers both a critique and inadvertent affirmation of racial and colonial hierarchies and a reflection on the postcolonial nation. The film fosters Orientalist sensibilities via a fetishisation of ‘otherness’, in order to subvert it. It is a hybrid and ambivalent production in which the characters possess intersectional identities that are always multiple, in line with Hindu philosophy. This hybridity can also be observed in the mixture of traditions on which the film is based, and as such, it serves as a ‘rhizomatic interrelation’. The film shows how Shakespeare's play may provide a meditation on the Indian nation, where issue ssuch as transgressive romance, ostracisation, and gender roles remain unsettled.

INVESTMENT-BASED INSURANCE DISPUTE PREVENTION (UNITLINK) IN INDONESIA

Investment-based insurance (unitlink) is a hybrid product from insurance companies that is very vulnerable to causing disputes. Innovations in the development of unit-linked investment-based insurance products continue to cause constant polemics, many policyholders are disadvantaged. What efforts can be made in order to prevent the occurrence of such disputes. This research was carried out using a normative juridical method using a statutory and conceptual approach. Prevention of unitlink insurance disputes is to apply the principle of perfect honesty (Utmost good faith) for both policyholders and insurance agents. and improve the supervisory function of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in accordance with existing regulations. Integrated supervision for all financial institutions in accordance with unitlink insurance which is a hybrid product of insurance and investment. Coordination between insurance company associations and OJK needs to be improved, so that supervision of insurance companies, in this case insurance agents can be carried out optimally, so as to prevent unit-linked insurance disputes.

Optimal production decision of hybrid power generation enterprises in complex trading conditions

At present, an increasing number of countries and regions, including China, are adopting electricity and carbon markets to optimize the resource allocation of the electricity power industry. To mitigate the impacts of these complex market conditions, more and more power generation enterprises adopt hybrid production mode, generating electricity from thermal and new energy units simultaneously. This research introduces the decision process of hybrid power generation enterprises under the abovementioned trading conditions, and provide the optimal production decisions of enterprises with different market positions. Besides, the consequences of collusion behaviors among power generation enterprises and governmental policy changes are also measured based on the description to the equilibrium state of electricity and carbon markets. Numerical experiment results confirm the correctness of the production decision model and reveal the following facts: (1) Carbon market effectively reduces carbon emissions and raises the new energy power generation share, but it cuts the electricity supply and drives up the electricity clearing price. (2) The combined effects of electricity and carbon markets are able to mitigate the impacts of policy changes on market equilibrium. Power generation enterprises first internally cushion these impacts by adjusting the generation structure, and then absorb the residual impacts by adjusting the total power generation. (3) The collusion behaviors among power generation enterprises can destroy the electricity and carbon markets largely. They increase the CO2 emissions by 187.94%, cutting the electricity supply by 25.30%, and drive up the electricity clearing price by 1.37%.

Effect of different planting dates on growth and productivity of some cucumber hybrids under Minia governorate conditions.

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On hybrid k-ideals in semirings

Many uncertainties arise in real-world problems, making them impossible to solve using conventional approaches. Researchers all over the world have developed new mathematical theories like fuzzy set theory and rough set theory to better understand the uncertainties that occur in various fields. Soft set theory, which was recently introduced, offers a novel approach to real-world problem solving by removing the need to set the membership function. This is helpful in resolving a variety of issues, and much progress is being made these days. Recently, Jun introduced the concept of a hybrid structure, which blends the concepts of a fuzzy set as well as a soft set. In this paper, we define the hybrid k-sum and hybrid k-product of k-ideals of semiring and investigate their properties. We illustrate with an example that the hybrid sum and hybrid product of two k-ideals are not always hybrid ideals. We also describe semiring regularity constraints in terms of hybrid k-ideal structures.