Human Capital Productivity Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF STUDENT NUMBER DYNAMICS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE RUSSIA EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article defines the problems of the modern Russian education system and identifies priority areas in the development of educational services using the methods of statistical, mathematical, economic analysis, as well as methods for predicting market conditions. The study highlights the need to create a sustainable environment in the field of educational services. New approaches are proposed to improve the quality of services in the education system of Russia in order to ensure the progressive development of the entire national economy. In order to improve the education system, the features of interpreting the key points in terms of the time of formation and reflection of key indicators in the education system were identified, as well as the features of human capital production cycles. In the course of the study, a retrospective analysis of the number of students in the field of primary and secondary education, secondary vocational education in full-time, part-time and extra-mural forms of education, higher education in full-time, part-time, extra-mural forms of education was carried out. The features of the non-linear development of the education system and the estimated indicators are identified, indicating the hidden nature of the transition period difficulties, which can create significant problems in the medium term. At the same time, based on the results of calculations of the growing number of students in educational institutions, new directions for the development of education have been identified. According to the coefficients, funding for each form of education was determined in the amount of cost (in thousand rubles) equal to the modulus of the trend coefficient and the second-order time indicator. In order to improve the training of highly qualified specialists at the levels of secondary vocational and higher education, it is proposed to create an education support fund, which, in combination with external factors, will be able to create favorable conditions for qualitative and quantitative changes in relation to the student population. At the same time, the formation of an education sector that is accessible to a significantly larger number of citizens (compared to the actual one) remains the most important task, considering the possibility of modeling and adjusting the number of consumers of educational services.

Human Capital Spillovers, Productivity and Growth in the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

Manufacturing is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy. The main focus of this paper is to analyse the major factors of value-added growth and productivity in the manufacturing sector by using Translog Production Technology over the period 1971-72 to 2004-05. The empirical findings show that the contribution of productivity and human capital is around one- third of the total value-added growth in manufacturing sector which is less than the contribution attributed to these factors in developed and many other developing countries. Conventional factors like capital and labour are still the mainstay in the value-added growth of Pakistan’s manufacturing sector. JEL classification: O1, O3, O4, O14, O15, O31 Keywords: Human Capital Spillovers, Total Factor Productivity, Absolute and Relative Shares

Changes in Implementation and Teacher's Trust Curriculum in English in Malaysia

This concept paper aims to identify the changes that occur in the education system in Malaysia regarding the curriculum in English. The writing of this concept paper was made with reference to two previous studies based on (Fullan's Theory of Educational Change, 2001; Stenhouse's Curriculum Model, 1975). The findings of previous studies show different opinions on the need for English language teaching, although administrators' attitudes towards facilitating English language teaching in their schools are generally very positive. However, they expressed concern about the newly replaced teaching program and indicated general agreement that a review was needed. While the findings of the interviews showed a very significant change in teachers' beliefs towards curriculum changes in English involving management, teaching and assessment as well as student learning. The implications of this concept paper have an impact on national education policy such as implementing changes in education policy in the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics in English which was implemented in 2003 with the approval of the Cabinet decision (2002). In addition, the implications of this implementation also involve implications for teacher training and educational institutions. In conclusion, changing the attitude and role of administrators as well as teachers' beliefs is a very important element to make educational institutions a center for the production of human capital that should be sensitive and ready to make changes so that the generation built through the implementation of the curriculum in English becomes a reality and works for the country.

Efficiency and productivity analysis of innovation, human capital, environmental, and economic sustainability nexus: case of MENA countries.

Innovation, human capital, economic, and environmental nexus is essential in sustainable development. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an emerging market with the potential to transcend the dilemma of attaining economic and environmental sustainability. Data envelopment analysis through the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is utilized to estimate MENA country's innovation, human capital, economic, and economic sustainability efficiency and productivity. Results indicate an upward trend in efficiency, with a 26% increase in average efficiency between 2017 and 2019 compared to 2011 and 2016. However, there is variation in efficiency between countries. The decomposition of the productivity index into technical change and technological change indicates that the efficiency growth in 2017-2019 could be attributed to technical improvement than technological increase. However, there is a shift to more technological progress than technical increase. Study shows that developing human capital and capacity is as integral to sustainable development as innovation advancement. Strategies to simultaneously augment human capital and innovation towards sustainable development are presented.

Labor misallocation and productivity growth in Vietnamese manufacturing firms

PurposeThis research identifies the level of labor misallocation in Vietnamese manufacturing sector for the period 2005–2019. The paper also examines the effects of labor misallocation on productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing firms controlled by industry- and firm-level factors.Design/methodology/approachThe level of labor misallocation and efficiency gains in total factor productivity (TFP) are assessed using Vietnam's annual enterprise survey data for the period 2005–2019 and Hsieh and Klenow (2009) productivity decomposition framework.FindingsThe results indicate four main points. Firstly, labor misallocation tends to increase from 2005 to 2019. Secondly, labor misallocation by firm ownership and technology level is found to be highest in state-owned enterprise and low-tech industries, whereas foreign direct investment and high-tech firms have lowest labor misallocation. Labor misallocation in small- and medium-sized enterprises is higher than in large-sized enterprises and is equivalent to overall sample. Thirdly, labor misallocation decreases productivity in manufacturing firms. The firm-level factors such as bigger technology gap, external capital, firm scale and poor liquidity ratio decrease productivity in manufacturing firms. Whereas firm-level factors such as Vietnam's accession to the WTO, reasonable corporate tax structure, capital intensity, human capital and firm age increase productivity of manufacturing firms. The industry-level factors such as FDI horizontal, forward and supply backward spillovers promote productivity from foreign firms to domestic ones. Meanwhile, only backward linkages reduce productivity of firms. Finally, by difference-in-differences (DID) method, the result indicates foreign firms have higher average labor productivity than domestic firms before or after Vietnam's accession to the WTO. After joining WTO, the average labor productivity of foreign firms is increased by 854 million VND while the average labor productivity of domestic firms is increased by 895 million VND. The DID between the two groups (domestic firms and foreign firms) before and after Vietnam's accession to WTO is 41 million dong.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is that the market is assumed perfectly competitive. The model focuses on selective factors affecting labor productivity.Originality/valueThe focus of many previous international research papers was generally to look at the level of labor misallocation in developed countries. However, knowledge about labor misallocation is limited, particularly in the context of developing countries. This paper examines the level of labor misallocation by region, ownership, level of technology and firm size on productivity and the effect of misallocation on productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing firms.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2021-0552.

The role of affluence, urbanization, and human capital for sustainable forest management in China: Robust findings from a new method of Fourier cointegration

AbstractAffluence and planned urbanization may have a crucial role in conserving forests and decreasing forest footprint with rising awareness and human development. Productivity rise from technological progress is key to facilitating the underlying mechanisms of theoretically expected changes in all those processes. They are seen as an alternative way to transform the current habits into one that is conservative and respectful to the environment while keeping the economic welfare at the same time. By following the theoretical underpinnings of such expectations, this article investigates how the development changes of China have impacted on the forest footprint. In this frame, the study is an attempt to empirically inquire underlying mechanisms of the forest transition hypothesis, which supports the idea that affluence, urbanization, human capital, and productivity can help to save forests. The transition process is depicted by a hump‐shaped curve mostly attributed to the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the literature. The period 1961–2017 is particularly relevant as it precedes and follows the Chinese open‐door policy of the 1980s. This study reaches robust findings and new insights for sustainable forest management. Results show that income growth did not contribute to reducing the forest footprint, as the forest footprint has increased with income rises. On the contrary, urbanization, human capital, and total factor productivity have reduced the forest footprint. Based on the evidence provided, policymakers should devote increasing attention to education that serves human capital formation, and efficiency gains for sustainable forestry simultaneously.

Empowering Youths Through Arts, Crafts, and Design; An Impetus for National Development

The general expectation of every youth has always been that graduation from an institution of learning, he/she will pick up a good job and settles down to a satisfying life and contributes to the growth of self and society, the changing trends since Nigeria's independence in 1960 in education system vis-à-vis the job markets pose serious challenges to the future of the education of our youth in the area of Arts, crafts and design. Skill acquisition is a veritable tool to fast-track the overall development of its citizenry in national development. As it, every nation must involve in the training of mind and production of human capital. Its activities are dynamic and have a bearing on diverse government policies and priorities on education. People do not seem to understand the meaning or what skill Acquisition of arts, crafts, and design means in building up the manpower of the young generations. However, Art is imaginative, creative, or aesthetic. It is essentially man's creative spirit using media to express feelings or moods for either through clay, woodwork, cement, weaving, or some other media. This paper discusses empowering of youths through arts, crafts, and design as an impetus for National development.

Drivers of Academic Engagement and University–Industry Collaboration in Conditions of Slovakia

Universities have been perceived for several decades as an important development factor in the space that shapes the regional environment throughout the generation of new knowledge or technologies and the production of human capital. Our paper focuses on the less researched phenomenon of academic engagement, and thus, the development of university knowledge transfer based on interpersonal links between researchers and application actors from an academic perspective. This empirical study evaluates the results of a nationwide survey of academic researchers devoted to unhiding various aspects of formal and informal cooperation on an interpersonal basis. Using an econometric approach, the study investigates determinants of academic engagement of individual researchers and describes patterns of formal and informal ties between academics and businesses. The results explain which researchers participate in academic engagement activities and elaborate on the motivations and barriers of university–industry cooperation at the level of the individual. We also identified a significant volume of informal dissemination of knowledge of universities in the space via various channels.

Human Capital Externalities and Productivity in Cities

Purpose: Human Capital Theory states that individuals invest in their human capital in order to enhance own productivity which is in turn rewarded by higher wages. The theory asserts that investments in human capital are undertaken by individuals until the point where the marginal productivity gained equals the marginal opportunity cost (from the individual’s viewpoint). Benefits of human capital accumulation by a person need not pertain to that person solely. An individual’s investment in her own human capital may also increase productivity of the other factors of production, i.e. physical capital or human capital of others. Importantly, the channels of such influence – the most prominent of which is sharing of knowledge and skills through formal and informal interaction between people in the same industry, city, region or economy – may not be internalized within firms or families. This gives rise to human capital externalities. Methodology: The technique used is DEMATEL method. A questionnaire was constructed and answered by eleven experts. Then the DEMATEL method was applied to analyze the importance of criteria and the casual relations among the criteria were constructed. The study period is 2021-2022. Findings: Factors affecting productivity in cities can be divided into several categories: Factors related to human resources, Factors related to management, Factors related to the government, Equipment and facilities, Technology, Environmental factors, Materials and energy. Originality/Value: Human capital can be defined as those skills, abilities, and knowledge embodied in an individual which contribute to a productive process by creating value, whether it be economic or social.

Effect of Human Capital, Work Engagement, Work-Life Balance on Work Productivity through Work Discipline in PT Widodo Makmur Unggas Indonesia

This study was aimed to analyze how human capital, work engagement, and work-life balance affect work productivity as mediated by work discipline. This study used a quantitative method on 178 respondents from PT Widodo Unggas employees. Data analysis using the SEM-PLS technique with a path analysis approach and the correlation test. According to the findings of this study, human capital and work-life balance have an impact on employee work discipline, while work engagement has no impact on work discipline. Productivity is affected by human capital, work engagement, and work-life balance. This research also confirmed that work discipline also has an impact on productivity.

Fostering Inclusive Growth in Indonesia: Evidence from Panel Regression Analysis

An inclusive development does not only rely on economic growth but also on the creation of equitable access to growth outcomes. Government spending has an important role in promoting efficiency and economic growth as well as equity. Meanwhile, financial inclusion is believed to be able to expand opportunities to contribute to growth. Previous studies have proven the influence of both on inclusive growth with varying results. This study aims to analyze the impact of government spending in the fields of health, education, economy, and social protection, as well as financial inclusion on inclusive growth. Using panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2015-2019, this study applies a random effects model. The results show that education spending and the level of financial inclusion can foster inclusive growth. This finding confirms that public investment in education will expand access to education to increase human capital and labor productivity, as well as competitiveness and wages, while the inclusiveness of financial services increases access to more affordable credit. On the other hand, economic spending has a negative impact on inclusive growth due to the development gap. Meanwhile, health and social protection spending have no impact on inclusive growth. The implication is that health and economic spending policies must be directed at ensuring people's access to more equitable economic opportunities. Monitoring and provision of a more active social assistance also needs to be improved.

Revisiting Uzawa–Lucas with public human capital spending and productivity heterogeneity

PurposeThis paper aims to study the effects of public human capital spending on growth under the presence of financial frictions and productivity heterogeneity. In addition, this paper derives and discusses growth-maximizing policy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs a tractable human capital–based growth model. There a continuum of heterogeneous entrepreneurs who own private firms, accumulate personal wealth and face collateral borrowing constraints. The representative worker accumulates human capital by using his own efforts, the existing human capital stock and human capital–related public services. The government finances public spending by taxing capital income. This paper then focuses its analysis on the balanced growth path equilibrium of the economy model.FindingsThis paper finds that public human capital spending financed by capital income taxation yields strictly higher growth than when the spending is absent. In addition, it shows that the growth-maximizing capital income tax rate is higher when the idiosyncratic firm productivity distribution is more heavy tailed.Originality/valueThis paper embraces and then explores the effects of productivity heterogeneity and financial frictions into an otherwise conventional human capital–based endogenous growth model. This paper also differs from the conventional endogenous growth framework by incorporating the productive role of public services in the process of accumulating human capital. Therefore, it can address the effects of public spending on growth.

Bequests or education

This paper shows that, when parents can endow their offspring with bequests and human capital, markets cannot deliver (generically under laissez-faire) the planner’s choice, if educational investments affect total factor productivity—as empirical evidence establishes. Moreover, for a human capital production function close enough to affine (around market and planner steady states with similar fertilities), the market steady state wage is higher than the marginal productivity of labor at the planner’s steady state, so that the market steady state human capital is too low. In other words, the market misses the planner’s allocation by leading households to transfer to their offspring more in bequests and less in education than would be optimal. These results obtain in spite of parents perfectly internalising (1) the value for their children of their bequests and educational investment, but not (2) the externality on total factor productivity—nor hence on factor prices. The planner’s allocation can, nonetheless, be decentralised subsidising labor income through a lump-sum tax on saving returns that reduces bequests. An estimate of the subsidy needed—for standard functional forms and parameter values estimated from US data—suggests a sizeable market inefficiency.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF LABOR FORCE, MATERIAL CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TO ECONOMIC GROWTH BASED ON THE CHANGE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR

BackgroundPromoting the sustained and stable growth of the national economy is the eternal goal of economic theory researchers and policy makers. So, what is the fundamental source of promoting a country's sustainable economic growth?Research Objects and MethodsFrom the perspective of labor, physical capital, human capital and total factor productivity, this paper makes an empirical study on the contribution of various input factors to economic growth in 36 OECD countries from 1990 to 2017. In order to analyze the impact of this strategy on the change of livelihood capital on emotion, and provide effective measures and basis for alleviating psychological pressure. In this study, 500 subjects in Southwest China were investigated with Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).ResultsThe results show that: (1) the output elasticity of labor, physical capital and human capital input factors is statistically significant, indicating that input has an important impact on economic growth. (2) The total contribution share of investment accounts for about 1 / 3, of which labor force accounts for about 24%, and the proportion of physical capital and human capital accounts for 5% and 6% respectively is similar and relatively small. (3) Total factor productivity (TFP) is the most important driving force of economic growth, accounting for 2 / 3 of economic growth. (4) The contribution of labor and material capital showed a slow upward trend, the contribution of human capital was basically stable, and the contribution of total factor productivity showed a slow downward trend. (5) Exploring the sources of economic growth has important policy implications not only for OECD countries but also for developing countries. Taking the emotional grouping as the independent variable, the group conducted a one-way multivariate analysis of variance on the fluency and novelty of aut, box's M = 24.05, P < 0.001. The result shows that the data is not suitable for multivariate analysis of variance, so the emotional grouping is used as the independent variable to analyze the fluency and novelty of aut by one-way ANOVA respectively. Specifically, the main effect of emotion on aut fluency is significant, f (2, 99) = 6.43, P = 0.002, η 2 p= 0.12. Post hoc comparison showed that the anger group (M = 11.26, SD = 6.20) was higher than the neutral emotion group (M = 7.26, SD = 3.44, P = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.80), with no other significant difference (see Figure 2D). The main effect of emotion on the novelty of aut was significant, f (2, 99) = 7.84, P < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.14. Post hoc comparison showed that the anger group (M = 15.29, SD = 8.85) was higher than the sadness group (M = 11.21, SD = 5.50, P = 0.042, Cohen's d = 0.55) and the neutral emotion group (M = 8.91, SD = 5.23, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.88).ConclusionAll sectors of society should fully understand the importance of emotional factors of relevant groups in rehabilitation, actively improve the surrounding environment and the respective roles of both sides, pay special attention to their own virtual technology language and behavior, and shift from single display to multi-dimensional management, coordinator and collaborator. In the process of output, actively present personalized psychology to patients, flexibly organize activities, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious rehabilitation atmosphere, create a friendly and mutual aid business environment, encourage and guide patients to adjust their psychology to the best state.AcknowledgementsThe work is supported by Open Fund Project of Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtse River of Chongqing Technology and Business University (KFJJ2018002). The author is highly grateful to the editor and anonymous referees for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions which help to improve the present form of this paper.

Relationship between Human Capital and Labour Productivity

Relationship between Human Capital and Labour Productivity

Analysis of the human capital of the federal electricity commission (CFE), in the city of Villahermosa for the design of an improvement proposal

Objectives: Analyze the human capital in the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), in the city of Villahermosa to design an improvement proposal. Carry out a diagnosis on the human capital of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). Methodology: The research will be descriptive because the independent variables will be described, as well as the research variables. This investigation is also considered as non-experimental, because the variables cannot be manipulated, the data will be obtained from the heads of departments. Surveys were carried out, which are based on the 10 elements that make up the TIEP (Integral Technique for Productivity Evaluation). Contribution: Once the results are obtained, a proposal is designed for the company through an improvement Model, to increase the productivity of human capital

Identifying Labor Market Competitors with Machine Learning Based on Maimai Platform

ABSTRACT The demand for skilled labor has increased dramatically in the current knowledge-based economy, which is characterized by the growing intensity in labor market competition between firms. Therefore, it would be of special interest to identify future labor market competitors. At present, with the vast amount of textual data, the existing study focuses on constructing the human capital overlap and product overlap metrics with the text data as predictors to predict the labor market competition in the United States. Based on these metrics, this paper experiments with machine learning methods to predict Chinese labor market competition with Chinese text data. Furthermore, sentiment analysis is becoming popular and it has been used in a wide variety of fields. However, due to lack of data, there are few existing studies using sentiment analysis approach of firms’ online reviews. In response to this research gap, this paper constructs the sentiment analysis metric by mining the emotional content expressed in the firms’ online reviews on Maimai’s platform. The results show that our proposed metrics have superior predictive power over conventional measures and highlight the predictive utility of proposed sentiment analysis metric. Moreover, the nuanced two-dimensional competition analysis gives some interesting results.

The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of Covid-19 School Closures

Abstract Using a structural life-cycle model, we quantify the heterogeneous impact of school closures during the corona crisis on children affected at different ages and coming from households with different parental characteristics. In the model, public investment through schooling is combined with parental time and resource investments in the production of child human capital at different stages in the children’s development process. We quantitatively characterise the long-term consequences from a COVID-19-induced loss of schooling, and find average losses in the present discounted value of lifetime earnings of the affected children of $2.1\%$, as well as welfare losses equivalent to about $1.2\%$ of permanent consumption. Because of self-productivity in the human capital production function, younger children are hurt more by the school closures than older children. The negative impact of the crisis on children’s welfare is especially severe for those with parents with low educational attainment and low assets.

The effect of top managers’ human capital on SME productivity: the mediating role of innovation

Using a sample of 309 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) from Tanzania and applying partial least square structural equation modeling, the study analyses the different effects of managers' general and specific human capital on SME innovation and productivity. The results demonstrate that top managers with higher education qualification place greater importance on non-technological innovation in comparison with their less educated peers. They further show that managers with more years of experience in the sector place higher importance on technological innovation than their less experienced counterparts. In addition, the results show that SMEs with managers who have higher education qualification achieve higher productivity than their less educated peers, with marketing innovation partially complementarily mediating this relationship. The effect of top managers' experience in the sector on SME productivity is shown to be insignificant. This paper uncovers the mediating role of marketing innovation on the relationship between top managers' human capital and SME productivity in Tanzania. Previous research did not consider the role of innovation as a means to translate top manager's human capital into firm productivity. These results help to provide some practical suggestions for managers, entrepreneurs and policy makers. This is a cross-sectional study which might not have captured all the effects of top managers' human capital fully.

Influence of Human Capital and Self-Efficacy in Improving Productivity of Power Plant Perators at Jeneponto Power Plant Through Knowledge Sharing

Research related to productivity improvement through the knowledge sharing process is still limited, so this research aims to find a model of productivity improvement through the utilization of knowledge sharing that can provide multi-effects at the organizational level, task level, and individual level of operators as a solution to research problems in terms of improving human capital and self-efficacy. Productivity is a concept related to system theory (input-process-output) that is reflected in the ability of employees in producing a product. This study uses primary data in the form of questionnaires as data collection instruments. Sample withdrawal in this study using Purposive Sampling method is a sampling technique with certain considerations, samples used as many as 110 samples. furthermore, the data of the questionnaire results are processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that human capital and Self-efficacy have a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing and productivity of operators, Knowledge sharing has a positive and significant effect on the productivity of operators, Human capital and self-efficacy has a significant effect on the productivity of operators through knowledge sharing. The implications of the results of the study, the better the quality of human capital and self-efficacy, the ability to do knowledge sharing is also increasing so as to have a postifi impact on the improvement of operator productivity. The practical implications of this research can be used as a model in improving operator productivity through the knowledge sharing process. So there is an accelerated process of knowledge transfer between foreign operators and local operators. The novelty of this research lies in the process of knowledge sharing that is generally done by design through the process of training in door in this research the process of knowledge sharing is done out door through a natural process conducted between foreign operators and local operators. So that the results of this study can add research references in the field of human capital development.