Film Production Research Articles

Cristobalite formation on high-temperature oxidation of 4H-SiC surface based on silicon atom sublimation

Two innovative high-temperature oxidation methods for 4H-SiC were developed, with observations made via Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Raman spectrum. We successfully fabricated fully crystallized cristobalite films through oxidation and annealing processes, unveiling the lateral growth mechanisms of crystal planes during annealing. The study also delved into the unusual effects of Si sublimation on the oxidation rate of cristobalite during its formation and investigated the stress-induced cracking phenomena observed when the film thickness exceeds 1 μm. Additionally, a novel step oxidation technique was introduced to suppress vapor phase oxidation of Si at high temperatures by employing a barrier layer, facilitating the swift production of amorphous SiO2 thick films. The exceptional surface and interface flatness exhibited by these films underscore their significant potential for applications in the realm of functional films.

Cast Film Production with Polyethylene Recycled from a Post-Industrial Printed Multilayer Film by Solvent-Targeted Recovery and Precipitation

Cast Film Production with Polyethylene Recycled from a Post-Industrial Printed Multilayer Film by Solvent-Targeted Recovery and Precipitation

Exploring the Development Path of Female Leading Characters in Film and Television Works - Taking the Image Shaping of Female Characters as an Example

In recent years, people have been paying more and more attention to the development direction of the "women" group, and the image of women in society has become increasingly diverse. In today's society, film and television media are important channels that can quickly disseminate information, attract social attention, and disseminate value orientation. This paper explores the development path of female protagonists by examining the image shaping of female characters in film and television works. By analyzing the evolution of female characters in various types of film and television productions, one can see that female roles are no longer confined to traditional archetypes such as the virtuous wife and loving mother or tragic figures. Instead, they increasingly exhibit qualities of independence, bravery, confidence, and intelligence. These changes enrich the content of film and television works and provide audiences with more diverse values and role models. The study finds that the diversification of female character portrayals not only enhances the artistic quality and appeal of the works but also exerts a positive influence on society. The image of women in film and television is gradually becoming an important force in guiding social trends and promoting gender equality. Therefore, in-depth exploration and research into the development path of female characters in film and television works are of great significance for understanding social and cultural changes and promoting gender equality.

1950~60년대 문화영화 애니메이션 연구

This paper argues for the need to re-catalog animations in cultural films produced by the National Film Production Center, which are fading into the mists of Korean film history. Given the center’s obligation to promote national policies, it is essential not only to specify when these cultural films were made but also to accurately identify the artists involved in the animations. However, the basic information varies among institutions that introduce these cultural films. First, the role of short animations produced by the National Film Production Center from the 1950s to the 1980s is examined in this paper, with their inception and decline being analyzed through articles published in each era. This paper argues that the first cultural film animation should be identified not as “Cartoon of Killing Rats” (September 1959), but as “Acacia Tree Growing in Korea” (April 1959). Moreover, the migration of animators from the National Film Production Center to private film companies and the government’s dismissive attitude towards cartoons are cited as reasons for the decline. Finally, the relationship between the animations in cultural films and contemporary short animations featured in Daehan News (Korean News) is explored. This paper advocates to expand the research horizons of the cultural films.

Development of Android-Based Learning Media in Film Production Management Subjects at SMK Negeri 4 Padang

The learning process for film production management at SMK Negeri 4 Padang is not optimal, this is due to several problems, namely the availability of learning media only in the form of printed books that students borrow from the school library. This causes students to lack understanding of the learning material and are less motivated to study and causes students' grades to be low according to the data obtained that the students' KKM score is only 42.85%. The aim of this research is to develop valid and practical film production management learning media. The research method used in this research is development research (R&D) with the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, development, design, implementation and evaluation at each stage. This research involved 35 class XI Broadcasting students who took part in film production management lessons. The results of this research are in the form of Android-based learning software which can be used as a complement to the learning process, especially in film production management subjects. This product has been tested for its validity level by several material experts and learning media experts and an average validity value of 86.07% was obtained. And the practicality test results from users, namely teachers and students, obtained an average practicality value of 85.02%.

Stretching Aligned Hydrogen Bonding Network to Evoke Mechanically Robust and High-Energy-Density P(VDF-HFP) Dielectric Film Capacitors.

Polymer-based dielectric film capacitors are essential energy storage components in electronic and power systems due to their ultrahigh power density and ultra-fast charge storage/release capability. Nonetheless, their relatively low energy density does not fully meet the requirements of power electronics and pulsed power systems. Herein, a scalable composite dielectric film based on a ferroelectric polymer with edge hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS-OH) is fabricated via the construction of a hydrogen bonding network and stretching orientation strategy. The presence of hydroxyl groups on boron nitride aids in forming a robust hydrogen bonding network within the ferroelectric polymer, leading to a significant increase in Young's modulus and superior dielectric performance. Furthermore, the stretching process aligns the BNNS-OH and the hydrogen bonding network along the drawing direction via covalent and hydrogen bonding interaction, resulting in a remarkable tensile strength (109MPa), breakdown strength (688 MVm-1), and energy density (28.2 Jcm-3), outperformingmostrepresentative polymer-based dielectric films. In combining the advantages of a simple preparation process, extraordinary energy storage performance, and low-cost raw materials, this strategy is viable for large-scale production of polymer-based dielectric films with high mechanical and dielectric performance and opens a new path for the development of next-generation energy storage applications.

Cinematic Activism and Tasmania’s Lake Pedder: How Film Shaped Environmental History

Film has played a seminal role in Australian environmental history, as an instrument of advocacy to shape political disputes and government actions. Such cinematic activism originated in the 1960s with the dispute over the damming of Tasmania’s iconic Lake Pedder. Here, documentary filmmaking was used by the protagonists to influence public opinion and convey rival views of the remote wilderness lake. For conservationists, film helped build an emotional connection and sense of place, whilst for pro-dam proponents, film helped curate an ideology of economic progress. The protagonists’ mutually reinforcing tactics, especially the intermediary role of the Tasmanian Department of Film Production, combined with the outstanding beauty of Lake Pedder, drove the turn to cinematic activism. Understanding how these films were produced and screened is also important to appreciating their significance for cinematic activism.

Analyzing the Successful Reasons on Perfect Film and Television

Due to economic growth, the cultural industry's rapid expansion, and advancements in science and technology, Perfect Word, a game company, utilized financial leverage to establish Perfect Film and Television and enter the film and television industry. This move resulted in significant profits because their film and television productions gained immense popularity among viewers. The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that contributed to Perfect World's achievements in the film and television industries. This paper examines Perfect Film and Television's precise measures, using it as a case study, and evaluates its financial statistics and the accolades it has received. The primary factor contributing to its success lies in the company's foundation of producing top-notch content, consistently broadening its distribution platforms, and venturing into international markets. To achieve further growth, Perfect Film and Television can strategically establish a comprehensive industrial chain, leverage digital technologies to broaden distribution channels, and establish a distinct traditional cultural brand. The factors that contributed to this study's success can serve as a blueprint for the expansion of other film and television enterprises.

Analyzing the Future of Pixar Based on the Current Status

Pixar Animation Studios is currently facing a challenging situation due to the intense competition in the animated film market. As a result, the study's purpose is to investigate how Pixar should develop in the future to get out of this predicament. To solve the research question, this article will discuss Pixar's achievements in animated films as a case study. The first reason for the problem is technological innovation. The suggestion is to develop the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in animated film production and formats. The second reason for the problem is connected innovation; the suggestion is insisting on original IP and extending the industry chain. The third reason for the problem is not proactively catering to market needs; the suggestion is meeting diversified needs and strengthening international outreach cooperation. The value of this paper is to provide some reference suggestions for the development of animated films and fill the research gap in the future development of Pixar.

The Shadow of the Film Monuments. Canonisation of the Czechoslovak New Wave as a Discursive Operation

The Czechoslovak New Wave represents an important chapter in the history of Central European cinema, and the body of films produced in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s is deservedly considered part of both national and European cultural heritage. This essay draws on the notion that the canon of the New Wave has established itself as a myth, obscuring the visibility of the newer Czech film production. Searching for the roots of the discursive nature of this canon, it finds it in a synergy of two opposing cultures. While the conservative communist power compiled the index of films associated with the 1960s reform process in order to stop their circulation, the dissenting community incorporated the same canon as a part of its collision with that power, a collision which manifested among others in the field of language. The transition of Czech cinema in the 1990s brought the Czechoslovak New Wave back to the spotlight, yet previous rhetorical use of this canon deepened the confusion between the discursive and the aesthetic and affirmed it as an unequivocal national monument. Exploring these tensions, I conclude that a new reading of the Czechoslovak New Wave heritage might be needed to make way for newer canons of films experimenting with different aesthetic and production approaches.

Production of nanocomposite films based on low density polyethylene/surface activated nanoperlite for modified atmosphere packaging applications

The modified atmosphere packaging films based on polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with perlite nanoparticles were prepared using a blow molding machine. The perlite particles were first reduced to nano dimensions using an abrasive mill, then the porosity of nanoperlite was increased to improve their efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas. For this purpose, 6 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C temperature was used. Finally, perlite nanoparticles were modified by polymethyl hydrogen siloxane silane compound. In each of the stages of grinding and modifying the perlite surface, the necessary tests including dynamic light diffraction test, nitrogen absorption test and ethylene gas absorption test were performed using gas chromatography method. The results showed that the size of perlite particles was reduced to 500 nm by using an abrasive mill, and the surface modification process increased the specific surface area of perlite by 10 times. Based on this, the amount of ethylene gas absorption in perlite nanoparticles with modified surface increased up to 3 times compared to normal perlite. The results of the gas chromatography test showed that the nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with 6% by weight of modified perlite nanoparticles has several times the efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas compared to the potassium permanganate sachets The results of the mechanical properties tests of nanocomposite film in comparison with pure polyethylene film showed that nanocomposite film has higher properties than pure polyethylene. The results of shelf-life tests of green tomatoes packed in nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with modified nanoperlite showed that green tomatoes can be stored for two months using the prepared modified atmosphere packaging.

Muzyka a dyplomacja kulturowa, czyli kilka słów o budowaniu marki „hiszpańskości” i muzyce Manuela de Falli (na przykładzie baletu El Amor brujo)

MUSIC AND CULTURAL DIPLOMACY, OR A FEW WORDS ABOUT BUILDING THE BRAND OF SPANISHNESS’ AND THE MUSIC OF MANUEL DE FALLA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF HIS BALLET EL AMOR BRUJO) Manuel de Falla’s (1876–1946) oeuvre was already discussed in terms of national Spanish music and specific Spanish values during the composer’s lifetime. Following de Falla’s death, some of his compositions, most notably the ballet El Amor brujo (1915), which refers to the culture of Gitanos and the phenomenon of flamenco, began to function as emblematically Spanish works, i.e. representative of contemporary Spanish music. As a result of the cultural diplomacy implemented by the Francoist government, flamenco was endorsed internationally as a hallmark of Spanishness. Works referring to flamenco, such as de Falla’s El Amor brujo, were thus also intensively promoted: numerous film productions referring to flamenco alluding to de Falla’s ballet in the plot and in the musical layer, significantly contributed to the international success of this work.

Use of talc and pyrogenic silicon dioxides as dispersants in production of rigid polyvinyl chloride films filled with calcium carbonate

The influence of dispersing agents (talc and hydrophilic silicon dioxides) on the physical and mechanical properties of rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films filled with calcium carbonate is considered. Test results for tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength were analyzed for film samples containing different ratios of dispersant and filler.

Anisotropic, free-standing anodic films with aligned anatase-bronze TiO2-integrated graphene for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

The composition modification and structure manipulation of carbon-based battery electrodes is becoming an increasingly urgent need for safer, more reliable, and effective electric vehicles. Herein, we fabricate a free-standing hybrid anatase-bronze TiO2-grafted reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-rGO) through a one-pot solvothermal procedure. The TiO2-rGO composite was transformed into a film with an anisotropic alignment and assembled as an anode into lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to enhance its performance. Our previously developed “Pulse Freezing” process, with modifications including: (1) dimensional and structural optimization for larger and faster film production and (2) optimal microfluidic condition for vertical porous alignment, is utilized for assembling this nanocomposite anodic film. During the microfluidic assembly process, we achieved the desirable flowrate, flow patterns, and alignments of the integrated TiO2-rGO layers while forming porous microstructures through freeze drying. The porous and aligned TiO2-integrated rGO film exhibits a significantly enhanced specific capacity of 400 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g, which is a drastic increase compared to traditional TiO2 and carbon black electrodes possessing <50 mAh/g capacity, attributed to the anisotropic alignment and porous microstructure of rGO in combination with TiO2 grafting. The developed TiO2-rGO composite film provides a promising application of Ti-based electrodes in LIBs for commercial battery industries.

A facile spinning approach towards the continuous production of aligned nanocellulose films

In this work, we present an alternative approach to cellulose nanofibril film (CNF) production, taking inspiration from the wet spinning of fibers to wet spin films. During the spinning process, a CNF suspension is injected into a coagulation bath, where the partially aligned CNF network is locked. The CNF alignment of the dry films is then detected by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The comparison between the ultimate strengths and strengths at breaks of the films produced with different process parameters, including the suspension injection rate, bath pH, and bath flow rate, indicated no significant change in mechanical properties, suggesting a reliable and constant outcome for large-scale film fabrication. Furthermore, the produced films demonstrated high total light transmittance of 93 % at the wavelength of 550 nm, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that even a low degree of CNF alignment can lead to anisotropic optical properties. Moreover, an anisotropic response to humidity was observed, in which the films preferentially bend in the perpendicular direction of the CNF orientation, thus opening a way for humidity-driven actuators.

European screen locations in the Indian film industry: evolutionary, spatial, and collaborative perspectives

India has long been known for its film industry and remains by far the largest film producer in the world, surpassing other film-producing superpowers like the US and China. A major factor in India’s dominance in the global media landscape is the outsourcing of film production, especially within Europe. Although there are studies trying to explain the context and mechanisms of foreign settings being incorporated into Indian filmmaking, this knowledge remains scattered and unsystematic. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively examine the evolutionary, spatial, and collaborative dynamics of Indian filmmaking in Europe by analysing statistical data from IMDb as the world’s largest film database. Our findings show that Indian filmmakers appeared relatively infrequently in Europe until the mid-1990s. The British Isles and Western Europe, with London and the Swiss Alps as the main centres, became the first and most popular destinations for outsourcing Indian films. However, this trend has changed in the last two decades, with the focus shifting to other areas in Southern, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe as well in recent decades. The initial wave of Bollywood productions has gradually been followed by other regional cinematographies. The increasing presence of Indian film shooting in Europe has also led to growing co-production between filmmakers on both (sub)continents. The paper provides a solid basis for further exploration of socio-economic linkages between India and Europe, especially in terms of job creation, local economic development, tourism, and cultural exchange.

Introduction to the Special Section: The Nature in the Machine

This special section offers a map of the relationship between cinema and what we call ‘the natural world’, recognizing the human as a mediating element of this articulation, while responding and reacting to the tendency towards anthropocentrism that is found in both film production and the plurality of critical approaches canonized in the context of film studies. Our aim is to promote a discussion of this problem without any specific focus on a time period, geographical provenance or genre. The six essays gathered here explore the heterogeneity and rich configurations that the natural has obtained throughout the history of cinema, in fiction, documentary, and hybrid forms, both in works that fit explicitly into the field of ecocriticism and in those that contain an ecological subtext that connotes an ecocinematic perspective.

Approaching a National Film History through Data. Network Analysis in German Film History

The present paper is an attempt at importing network analysis as a method and applying it to a field that has hitherto been examined in different ways: the study of national cinema. The approach was motivated by the perceived conundrum in the existing studies of German cinema that filmhistorical and political history usually do not match. The aim is to open up another perspective on the problem of periodization by looking at the data of film production, more specifically of collaboration. By using a comprehensive data set which is made availavable by the Filmportal, the central internet platform on German film, the approach in this paper is to look at the key creatives involved in the production of a film in the period from 1919 to 1939 and to conceptualize collaboration and connectivity in a (national) film culture through the use of network research methods.

Reverse-Mode Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Films with Enhanced Peel Strength and Electro-Optical Performance Based on Photoreactive Self-Assembly Alignment Layers and Patterned Polymer Walls.

Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) is a promising material toward the practical application of serving as energy-saving reverse-mode smart windows owing to its superior electro-optical (E-O) properties, simple and efficient processability, and compatibility to most practical circumstances. However, its feeble peel strength originated from low polymer content and poor adhesion between polymer networks and substrates inhibited its large-scale flexible film production. It is still a challenging task to derive good mechanical properties and superior E-O performance for PSLCs at the same time. In this study, a highly durable liquid crystal/polymer composite film showing enhanced peel strength and excellent E-O properties was attained by simultaneously building photoreactive self-assemble alignment layers through an efficient one-step method and the sculpture of a patterned polymer wall structure. This film has comprehensive ascendant E-O properties of lower driving voltages, faster response times, and higher contrast ratio, together with an over 30 times lift of the peel strength. The effectuation mechanisms of the alignment, E-O properties, peel-strength, microstructures, and cyclic durability of the films have been systematically studied. This novel liquid crystal/polymer composite film demonstrates advantages in every aspect of performance compared to traditional PSLC devices, which hoards promising applications in smart windows for cars and buildings.

A Rapid, Efficient Method for Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane Room-Temperature Multi-Detachment from Commercial 1050 Aluminum Alloy.

For commercial processes, through-hole AAO membranes are fabricated from high-purity aluminum by chemical etching. However, this method has the disadvantages of using heavy-metal solutions, creating large amounts of material waste, and leading to an irregular pore structure. Through-hole porous alumina membrane fabrication has been widely investigated due to applications in filters, nanomaterial synthesis, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. There are several means to obtain freestanding through-hole AAO membranes, but a fast, low-cost, and repetitive process to create complete, high-quality membranes has not yet been established. Here, we propose a rapid and efficient method for the multi-detachment of an AAO membrane at room temperature by integrating the one-time potentiostatic (OTP) method and two-step electrochemical polishing. Economical commercial AA1050 was used instead of traditional high-cost high-purity aluminum for AAO membrane fabrication at 25 °C. The OTP method, which is a single-step process, was applied to achieve a high-quality membrane with unimodal pore distribution and diameters between 35 and 40 nm, maintaining a high consistency over five repetitions. To repeatedly detach the AAO membrane, two-step electrochemical polishing was developed to minimize damage on the AA1050 substrate caused by membrane separation. The mechanism for creating AAO membranes using the OTP method can be divided into three major components, including the Joule heating effect, the dissolution of the barrier layer, and stress effects. The stress is attributed to two factors: bubble formation and the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the AAO membrane and the Al substrate. This highly efficient AAO membrane detachment method will facilitate the rapid production and applications of AAO films.