Production Of Electronic Equipment Research Articles

Promoting the "Chinese experience" of carbon neutrality—Evidence of carbon emission pilot governance in Guangdong Province based on the EIO-LCA model

With the increasing global consensus on promoting carbon neutrality, China's efforts in carbon reduction governance are particularly prominent in Guangdong Province. This study focuses on utilizing data from 29 production sectors in Guangdong Province for the period of 2007–2020. The IPCC 2006 methodology was applied to estimate sectoral carbon emissions, and the Economic Input-Output-Life Cycle Assessment model was used to calculate the direct, indirect, and implied carbon emissions of each sector in Guangdong Province. In-depth analysis was conducted using the Carbon Emission Reduction Potential model. According to the findings, direct carbon emissions from the food sector have increased by 232.2 %. The manufacturing of specialized equipment and the apparel industry have successfully reduced their overall carbon emissions by 97.68 % and 73.15 %, respectively. Additionally, it is worth noting that architecture plays a significant role in driving the increase in carbon emissions within the electric power industry; the fluctuation of implied carbon emissions is more pronounced in the energy industry and non-metal products industry on the supply side, as well as in the chemical industry and electric power industry on the demand side; the potential emission reduction benefits of the electronics manufacturing industry have not been fully explored. In terms of carbon emission reduction potential, the first tier is primarily in the energy supply and metal processing sectors, while the second tier is mainly in the mining industry and electronic equipment manufacturing sector. The third tier focuses on the light industry and transportation sectors.

Criteria for Solder Alloy Adoption

Solder is a critical component in modern electronic systems – past, present, and future. While solder is used within packaged electrical devices, the highest volume of solder is used for fabrication of printed circuit board assemblies. Historically, tin-lead solder was the dominant solder used in printed circuit board assemblies. However, tin-silver-copper solder replaced tin-lead solder starting in 2006 after European Union regulations banned the use of lead for a wide range of electronic products. Despite the successful transition to tin-silver-copper lead-free solder and over fifteen years of high volume lead-free electronic production, a number of aerospace and defense products have not converted to tin-silver-copper or other lead-free solders over reliability concerns. Reliability should be a concern for all product manufacturers and end-users. This begs the question, what has convinced industries that are currently producing lead-free products that the reliability was sufficient and what is keeping defense and aerospace electronic equipment manufacturers from adopting lead-free solder. This paper reviews decision processes for adopting solder for printed circuit board assembly.

An Integrated Duranton and Overman Index and Local Duranton and Overman Index Framework for Industrial Spatial Agglomeration Pattern Analysis

Accurately measuring industrial spatial agglomeration patterns is crucial for promoting regional economic development. However, few studies have considered both agglomeration degrees and cluster locations of industries. Moreover, the traditional multi-scale cluster location mining (MCLM) method still has limitations in terms of accuracy, parameter setting, calculation efficiency, etc. This study proposes a new framework for analyzing industrial spatial agglomeration patterns, which uses the Duranton and Overman (DO) index for estimating agglomeration degrees and a newly developed local DO (LDO) index for mining cluster locations. The MCLM-LDO method was proposed by incorporating the LDO index into the MCLM method, and it was validated via comparisons with three baseline methods based on two synthetic datasets. The results proved that the MCLM-LDO method can achieve accuracies of 0.945 and 1 with computational times of 0.15 s and 0.11 s on two datasets, which are superior to existing MCLM methods. The proposed framework was further applied to analyze the spatial agglomeration patterns of the industry of computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing in Guangdong Province, China. The results showed that the framework gives a more holistic perspective of spatial agglomeration patterns, which can serve as more meaningful references for industrial sustainable development.

DEVELOPMENT OF A 150 W LINEAR LABORATORY POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The laboratory power supply is an indispensable device for the manufacture, testing, adjustment and repair of electronic equipment. The object of research is the process of selecting and justifying the device circuit on a modern element base, developing a printed circuit board, manufacturing and testing the created device layout in practice. The toroidal transformer of the required power was also calculated. The test was carried out in the voltage and current stabilization mode, and the data obtained indicate the possibility of further improvement of the device's circuitry. To build a laboratory power supply, it is desirable to use a linear circuit, because of the small pulsations that are critical when powering electronic equipment. A switching power supply can be used as an additional source when working with high-power circuits. A universal option is a bipolar power supply built according to a linear circuit with an output voltage of 0...±30 V and a current of 0...5 A. This solution will allow the device to be used for operation with most radio electronic devices, including those sensitive to RF noise, whose power consumption does not exceed 150 W. Thanks to the use of a bipolar circuit, it is also possible to work with high-quality audio frequency amplifiers that require bipolar power supply, operational amplifiers and some digital equipment. The galvanic isolation of the channels will make it possible to adjust the output parameters independently for each arm, which may be necessary when repairing digital equipment. Equipping the laboratory power supply with a current stabilization unit will make it possible to use the power supply as a battery charger and help in finding short circuits in circuits. Short-circuit protection will save the power supply in the event of an emergency and, in some cases, save the connected load.

Issues and Challenges of Optimizing Production Rate during COVID-19: A case study on an electronic equipment manufacturer in Malaysia

This study helps assess the issues and challenges that affect the rate of production and process and proposes an operational strategy to optimise the production rate at an electronic equipment manufacturer in Malaysia. The study was qualitative research, and the information gathered was analysed using the Ishikawa Diagram to find the most prominent issue affecting their production rate. Two main factors were found to have the most impact on the production rate, namely manpower and material issues. This study suggests the need for manpower reallocation and alternative suppliers to mitigate the problems faced by the company.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ ЗМІН КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ, ЗАГРОЗ ТА РИЗИКІВ

The article examines the trends of changes in capital investment in industry and determines the trends of further investment in conditions of uncertainty, threats and risks. Capital investments in industry for 2010-2022 were analyzed. It was determined that the general level of capital investments in the industry of Ukraine in the period 2010-2022 increased, with the exception of 2020. The number of industrial enterprises that introduced innovations for the period 2013-2020 was analyzed as a percentage of the total number. During the period 2013-2016, there was an increase in enterprises that implemented innovative processes in their activities, in 2017 and 2019, there was a slight decrease in innovative activity compared to the previous period. It is substantiated that the main vectors of development among science-intensive types of industry and mechanical engineering should become: the development of the aviation industry, rocket and space technology, the production of new types of rolling stock, the development of the energy industry, the production of electronic equipment and the modernization of the defense complex. To ensure the security and competitiveness of the state, it is necessary to develop modern types of weapons and military equipment. Among the priorities: radar systems, high-precision weapons and means of their destruction, missile complexes of various ranges. In order to maintain competitive positions in the field of mining and metallurgical production, it is necessary to develop directions for the diversification of production, optimization of the structure according to the nomenclature range, development of new types of goods and services on the basis of existing production capacities. It is necessary to develop and attract new, more effective methods of development of natural reserves of mineral raw materials.

A cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem with makespan minimization: A mathematical model and shifting iterated greedy algorithm

This paper studies a cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem that has critical applications in the electronic information equipment manufacturing industry but has received limited attention in the scheduling field. The cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem encompasses both a distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem and a hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. This paper investigates the efficient scheduling of a set of jobs in two heterogeneous flowshops to minimize the makespan. We present a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model and a shifting iterated greedy algorithm, which constantly changes its search space to explore different solution spaces. Based on the specific characteristics of the problem, a hybrid scheduling approach that combines forward and backward scheduling, a step-by-step destruction and reconstruction operator, and three adaptive reconstructive methods that combine coarse-tuning and fine-tuning are proposed to explore the near-optimal solution. Through comprehensive computational comparison and statistical analysis, the results demonstrate that the proposed shifting iterated greedy algorithm performs significantly better in relative deviation index values at the same CPU running time.

Model-based approach to formalizing a production system architecture

An approach to developing a set of related system models that forms the boundaries of the subject area, a hierarchical decomposition of the target system itself and its formalized description, called Model-based System Engineering, is considered. This approach is one of the basic systems engineering tools in the system modeling practice of complex systems. The results associated with the application of a model-based approach in complex supply chain planning systems in the electronics industry are presented. A comparative analysis of modeling languages for systems (SysML), web ontology (OWL) and the visual language of the BPMN method was carried out from the perspective of tools and a model-oriented approach. Recommendations are given on the use of tools for developing visual system models when modeling the order management process within the framework of supply chain control in the electronic equipment production. Keywords visual modeling, model-based systems engineering, MBSE, business process modeling, BPMN, SysML, ontology development, OWL

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Digital Economy Innovation Development on the Export Quality of Chinese Electromechanical Products

This study measures the export quality of electromechanical products using data from China’s electromechanical products from 2011 to 2021, empirically investigates the effects of the level of innovation and the growth of the digital economy (DE) on the export quality of electromechanical products, and assesses potential industry heterogeneity. With an erratic upward trend, it is observed that the export quality of Chinese electromechanical products has suffered twice. China’s DE has demonstrated a rising trend in innovation and growth year over year. The creation and growth of the DE throughout the study period had an inverted “U” dynamic effect on the export quality of electromechanical goods, which was initially boosted and later decreased. It is possible to raise the export quality of Chinese mechanical and electrical products by expanding firm size and raising human resource levels. The export quality of Chinese mechanical and electrical products is not much impacted by innovation, R&D capacity, or degree of openness. The inverted “U”-shaped dynamic impacts of the DE’s creation and development on the export quality of electromechanical products are still present after endogeneity analysis and robustness testing, which initially promote and then suppress the rate. The inverted “U”-shaped relationship between DE innovation development and the quality of electromechanical product exports of the manufacture of computers and other electronic equipment, as well as general equipment manufacturing, is still significant, according to the results of sub-industry tests. The study presented in this article offers policy recommendations for facilitating the innovative growth of the DE and raising the standard of electromechanical exports from China.

Influencing factors and improvement paths of manufacturing innovation performance: Configuration analysis based on TOE framework.

Innovation is the first driving force to lead development, how to improve manufacturing innovation performance has become a hot topic. Based on 47 listed companies in the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry in the A-share market, this paper adopted the Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the influencing factors of technology, organization and environment on the innovation performance of manufacturing industry and the improvement path. The findings are as follows: (1) A single condition is not a necessary condition for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, but government support plays a key role in improving innovation performance in manufacturing industry. (2) There are two improvement paths for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, which are specifically explained as "technology-environment dual improvement path" and "technology-organization-environment collaborative improvement path". (3) The improvement of innovation performance in the manufacturing industry is the result of multiple factors, showing the characteristics of "all paths lead to the same destination". Different manufacturing enterprises have different paths to improve innovation performance based on their actual conditions. Based on these findings, this study may provide some implications for the effective improvement of manufacturing innovation performance.

Development of nanofibers functionalized with Cyanex 272 for selective recovery of gold from printed circuit board

AbstractAdvances in technological development mean that the recovery of rare and strategic metals from secondary sources has become essential, due to the high demand for these metals in the production of electronic equipment. Contributing to this goal, the main purpose of this work was to develop Nylon 6 nanofibers modified with the Cyanex 272 organic extractant, for use in the selective recovery of gold present in printed circuit boards from armored vehicles. The nanofibers were produced by the centrifugation technique, employing the Forcespinning® system. The best extraction conditions for the separation and concentration of gold were 10% Cyanex 272, fixed pH of 1.5, contact time of 15 min, and solid:liquid ratio (S/L) of 1/700. Gold extraction efficiencies above 77% were achieved in this step. In the stripping step, efficiencies exceeding 85% were obtained using 1 M HCl, 1 M thiourea, S/L of 1/50, and contact time of 3 min. The nanofibers were evaluated in terms of their adsorption capacity, stability, and capacity for reuse in successive cycles. The results showed that the Nylon 6/Cyanex 272 nanofibers could be used in several extraction and stripping cycles. These nanofibers provided high selectivity in the recovery of gold when applied using real leachate solutions, in the presence of other metals (lead, tin, zinc, and copper). The use of nanofibers modified with Cyanex 272 was shown to be an effective option for gold recovery, with lower environmental impacts, compared to conventional liquid–liquid extraction methods that require the use of organic solvents.

An effective adaptive iterated greedy algorithm for a cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem

This paper addresses a novel scheduling problem, namely the cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem (CFJSP), which has critical applications in the modern electronic information equipment manufacturing industry. The CFJSP is composed of a distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem and hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. This paper considers how to arrange a variety of jobs for the two flowshops together to minimize total flowtime. We present a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model and an effective adaptive iterated greedy (AIG) algorithm with a decomposition and collaboration mechanism, which optimizes each production phase sequentially and ultimately optimizes the whole process. Combining the problem-specific characteristic, an adaptive inverse bounded heuristic, an adaptive bounded range local search, and an odd/even random insertion reconstruction mechanism are proposed to explore more valuable space. Comprehensive computational experiments and statistical analyses are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AIG. The experimental results show that the proposed AIG significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art competing algorithms from the literature in relative deviation index values at the same CPU running time.

The impact of green finance on the optimization of industrial structure: Evidence from China.

Green finance promotes the optimization of industrial structure and continuous improvement of ecological environment by supporting the development of green industries. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China, and constructs a panel data model to empirically test the impact of green finance on the upgrading of China's industrial structure. The study finds that there is still an imbalance and insufficiency in the development of green finance and industrial structure optimization in China. From 2012 to 2020, the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China have been continuously rising, but there is obvious heterogeneity, showing an eastern>central>western spatial pattern. Empirical analysis results show that at the significance level of 1‰, the development of green finance has a significant promoting effect on the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on industrial structure optimization. In terms of regional heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, the role of green finance in promoting the optimization of industrial structure in central and western China is higher than that in eastern China, and the impact of green finance on China's industrial structure shows a spatial pattern of western>central>eastern China. In terms of industry heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, green finance has a significant promoting effect on the development of green industries, and a significant inhibiting effect on the development of high-energy-consuming industries. Specifically, in the green industry, green finance has the greatest promoting effect on the communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry; in the high-energy-consuming industry, green finance has the greatest inhibiting effect on the black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, and the smallest impact on the petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industry. Finally, based on this, policy suggestions for green finance to support the optimization of industrial structure are proposed from two dimensions: government and financial institutions.

Impact of Diversity of Executive Team Career Experience and Cooperation Openness on Breakthrough Innovation Performance

In the era of rapid technological iteration in the digital economy, breakthrough innovation is the main source of core competitive advantage for enterprises. Based on Upper Echelons theory and Resource-based theory, using A-share listed companies in the computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries from 2010 to 2021 as research samples, this study explores the impact of diversity of executive team career experience on breakthrough innovation performance, and examines the mediating effect of cooperation openness and the moderating effect of absorptive capacity. The results indicate that the diversity of career experience in executive teams not only has a significant positive impact on breakthrough innovation performance, but also has a significant positive impact on cooperation openness; The cooperation openness has a significant positive impact on breakthrough innovation performance, and plays a partial mediating role between the diversity of career experience of executive teams and breakthrough innovation performance. The absorptive capacity positively regulates the relationship between cooperation openness and breakthrough innovation performance. This study provides a theoretical reference for enterprises to improve breakthrough innovation performance from the perspective of executive experience.

Closed-loop supply network of electrical and electronic equipment under carbon tax policy.

Waste electrical and electronic equipment is one of the essential pollutants with significant negative impacts on the environment and human health. In this study, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to design a closed loop supply network for the management of electrical and electronic equipment by explicitly considering the economic and environmental sustainability with a budget constraint. Different recycling options like refurbishing, disassembling, remanufacturing, and disposal centers are considered in the design of the network. The model minimizes the total costs of the network and the total carbon emission tax. The literature review shows that the introduced model is more comprehensive than the other existing models because it simultaneously determines the location of facilities, the capacity of facilities, type of manufacturing technologies, variety of vehicles, and the allocation and transportation of materials and products. The model was applied to a real-life case study in Iran and could provide a profit of IRR 245,509,165M during the planning periods. The carbon tax policy with different echelons is applied to control the environmental impacts in which the carbon tax increases as carbon emissions increase. The results show a nearly linear relationship between the total costs of the network and the carbon tax. The carbon tax of equal to or more than 10,800 IRR/t CO2 can be a deterrent factor for the electrical and electronic equipment manufacturer in Iran to diminish emissions through investment in green technologies.

Linking investment decisions-based on firm performance and open innovation practices in Vietnam’s wire and cable market using data envelopment analysis models

The wire and cable market has experienced a significant upsurge in demand, driven by its integration with industries such as electronics, telecommunications, infrastructure construction, and electronic equipment manufacturing. This study aims to investigate the linkages between investment decisions, open innovation practices, and firm performance in Vietnam's wire and cable market. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, specifically the super-slacks-based measures (Super-SBM) and the Malmquist index, were applied to evaluate the profitable efficiency, position, technical innovation, and technological innovation of the top ten wire and cable firms in Vietnam from 2017 to 2020. The main results revealed that EC-07 emerged as the most efficient firm in terms of overall efficiency, while EC-04 and EC-05 exhibited substantial potential for development. Moreover, the key findings identified a critical gap in the area of technical and technological innovation, which hampers the continuous advancement of technical capabilities and overall productivity improvement in this industry. Therefore, the outcomes of this study have practical implications for enterprises in Vietnam's wire and cable market, offering insights to improve their innovative skills, cost reduction efforts, and overall profitability. The study underscores the importance of integrating open innovation practices into investment decisions as a means to enhance business performance, including the enhancement of innovative capabilities, cost reduction, and profit maximization. Furthermore, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulators, offering a deeper understanding of the influence of open innovation and investment decisions on Vietnam's economic development, particularly leveraging these insights to support the growth and development of Vietnam's wire and cable industry.

Application Of The Triple Exponential Smoothing Method In Predicting Electronic Equipment Inventory Based On Customer Demand

PT. Wira Dwika is a company engaged in the production of electronic equipment and product distribution is carried out after the production process takes place. The obstacle that is often faced by companies is the difficulty in determining the number of products that will be provided by the company so that errors often occur in fulfilling customer requests and in predicting supplies for the next period. The system that runs at the company still uses a manual system so that errors often occur in determining the number of products to be distributed, and the Inventory section also often has difficulty determining the stock to be provided in future periods and the demand is more than the number of products already available in production. So it greatly affects profit and loss as well as inventory data processing. So the researchers used the Triple Exponential Smoothing Method to overcome the obstacles faced by the company because the Triple Exponential Smoothing method is an effective method in terms of forecasting. Electronic equipment still uses workbook paper and is less efficient in making product inventory reports. The electronic equipment inventory report input system still uses Microsoft Excel 2007 so that the data obtained is inaccurate and does not yet use electronic equipment inventory storage with a database system, by implementing PHP applications and MySQL databases it can help companies calculate predictions of electronic equipment distribution in the next period. So that it greatly affects profit and loss as well as processing inventory data for electronic equipment still using paper workbooks and is less efficient in making product inventory reports.

Impact of Innovation Quality on the Growth Performance of Entrepreneurial Enterprises: The Role of Knowledge Capital

In the context of the continuous growth of the digital economy, the steady and sustainable development and growth of enterprises are increasingly dependent on the quality of innovation and knowledge capital. Based on the resource-based view and from the perspective of knowledge capital, this paper takes the knowledge capital index composed of human resource capital, innovation and R&D capability capital, innovation facility capital and relational capital as the intermediary variable and explores the mechanism of the influence of innovation quality on the growth performance of entrepreneurial enterprises from the enterprise level. Taking computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing enterprises listed on GEM from 2017 to 2021 as the research object, this paper uses hierarchical regression and Bootstrap methods to explore the specific path of the impact of innovation quality on the growth performance of entrepreneurial enterprises and conducts an empirical analysis and robust analysis. This research shows that the innovative quality of entrepreneurial enterprises can significantly promote growth performance, and knowledge capital plays an intermediary role in it. The conclusion of this paper provides theoretical support for this kind of enterprise to improve the quality of innovation and make good use of knowledge capital and provides an empirical basis and reference for their sustainable and stable growth.

Angel or devil? a study of the threshold effect of patent strategy on the relationship between patent thicket and corporate market value

ABSTRACT Patent strategies are an effective means of mitigating the negative effects of patent thickets on corporate market value. In reality, however, inappropriate patent strategies tend to exacerbate the negative effects of patent thickets. In this study, we used 2009–2019 panel data of 419 Chinese electronic equipment manufacturing companies, applied a panel threshold model, and analysed the influence mechanism. We empirically investigated the boundary dividing patent application, patent withdrawal, patent portfolio, and patent maintenance strategies from ‘angel’ to ‘devil’ and the influence mechanism of patent thickets on corporate market value. This study arrives at several conclusions. (i) Patent thickets exert a negative effect on corporate market value. (ii) Patent application and withdrawal strategies play a fully mediating role in the negative effect of patent thickets on corporate market value, while patent portfolio and maintenance strategies play a partially mediating role. (iii) Patent application, withdrawal, and maintenance strategies exhibit a double threshold effect, while patent portfolio plays a single threshold role. This study enriches the research on patent thickets.

RELIABILITY OF THE CONTROL OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES BY LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE

The article examines the stages of input and output control of electronic equipment products according to the level of their own low-frequency noise, namely, the measurement of an informative parameter and its comparison with predetermined limits. It was established that for each type of control there is a need to have a methodology for assessing the compliance of control results with valid characteristics and its effectiveness. One of the main parameters of the effectiveness of all stages of control is the probability, which requires separate studies and the definition of a universal mechanism for its assessment. Therefore, the task was set to obtain a complete method of probability assessment for the input and output control of electronic equipment products by the level of their own noise. To determine the probabilistic characteristics of the control, the main informative parameters were investigated: the measuring noise voltage, which is random in nature, and the random error. It is established that the measured value has a confidence interval that takes into account measurement errors and determination of control limits. Control limits were obtained, on the basis of which analytical expressions were obtained for the distribution of the informative parameter within the specified limits for reliable and unreliable electronic products. Taking into account the limit of separation of products into suitable and unsuitable, control limits were proposed, which contain the coefficient of possible error cut-off. A generalized analytical expression for evaluating the probability of control is obtained, which takes into account the minimization of the effect of systematic and random factors influencing the result to increase the efficiency of input and output control on the level of low-frequency noise.