Different Kinds Of Products Research Articles

Determining the inherent selectivity for carbon radical hydroxylation versus halogenation with high-spin oxoiron(iv)-halide complexes: a concerted rebound step.

A synthetic iron model can process both halogenation and hydroxylation with vague selectivity, which is different from halogenase even though these structures are used for the simulation of halogenase. The key factor of the synthetic oxo-iron model mediated hydroxylation or the halogenation is still under debate. Herein density functional theory calculation is used to investigate the hydroxylation versus halogenation of propylene by the complex [FeIV(O)(TQA)(X)]+ (X = F, Cl, Br). Our results suggest that a concerted rebound mechanism (between the -X and the hydroxyl ligands after the hydrogen abstraction) leads to the formation of two different kinds of products.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumer Purchase Behavior

Due to the blowout of COVID-19, a great variety of businesses suffered from a decrease in revenue, among which is one of the most popular industries today—online shopping. People's purchasing and consumption habits have shifted as the corona virus epidemic has progressed. As a result of the epidemic, not only have purchasing habits changed but so have sales-force operations. Recently, a lot of articles have been published about virus infection prediction and consumer behavior research in different countries. These articles analyze using mathematical modeling and a diverse set of data. In this paper, we will review these mathematics models and analyze the trend and the degree to which the online shopping market was affected by COVID-19 according to a different region in China, different kinds of products. The main criteria we are going to look at is how did the sales decreased or increase by percentage compared with the sales in the last few years.

Numerical analysis of a tire shredder machine to produce rubber particulate material

The main objective of this work is to develop a numerical analysis of a shredder machine to generate rubber particulate material for its implementation in different sectors such as construction, artisanal, and road as aggregates in the raw material. As part of the methodology, modern design theories were considered to select the materials for the different elements of the crushing machine; for this purpose, the SolidWorks design software was used to obtain a conceptual design model of the prototype. The mathematical and numerical results indicate that the prototype of the crushing machine will work in good conditions, always guaranteeing high levels of safety and performance based on the mechanical and physical properties of the materials selected through the design theories. Likewise, this machine will be low-cost to promote growth and competitive capacity for studies of different products with rubber aggregates to solve global environmental problems. Finally, the physical behavior of the new materials can be obtained with rubber particles aggregate will allow evaluating and optimizing a different kind of products that can be used in different sectors aiding sustainability sources.

Optimization of Inventory Controlling System Using Integrated Seasonal forecasting and Integer Programming

Ethiopia's industrial development strategy is characterized by manufacturing-led and expansion labor-intensive industrialization. The country expects to generate more income from the exported market. However, the case company is still known not to become productive as much as possible due to different reasons. One of the big challenges of the company has the problem with holding inappropriate inventory and with determines their optimal cost due to poor production planning. So that to solve this problem objective of the paper is to minimize total cost through the integration of seasonal forecasting and integer programming model without violating demand fulfillments. This technique improves resource utilization and enhances inventory control or stock control system. Currently, the company produces different kinds of products grouped into four common types of products (knitted garment, knitted fabric, woven garment, and woven fabric). The data survey system was both primary and secondary system and classified the products using A B C (always better classification) classification. The optimal solution was settled through the integration of seasonal forecasting and integer programming. As the Sensitivity analysis indicated the a big gap between production capacity and actual demand of the products. As the optimized solution indicated that total cost of production cost and inventory cost was minimized and the optimal production plan as well safety stock levels in each quarter was settled. Seasonal demand forecasting is a key activity for a garment which more or less controls all activities of production processes since garment products are affected by seasonal. As the result and discussion have shown that after optimized increase profit of the company through minimizing production cost and inventory costs since both costs are the big constraint of the company. Based on the optimized solution finding annually total cost needs for each A, B, and C – categories products are 57,225,920 BIRR 4,733,013 BIRR, 8,229,309 BIRR, respectively for production and inventory costs. The optimized solution indicated that if the company implemented exactly the proposed solution it will get an additional,4,219,788.8 BIRR,772,055.8 BIRR,2,119,824.2 BIRR respectively for A, B, C categories products totally around 7,111,668.8 BIRR profit per year will get. To end, it was concluded that this remarkable profit increment of the case company can certainly enhance its productivity and worldwide competitiveness. This research will create further pathways for other researchers to accomplish substantial studies on other garment sectors or other manufacturing industries based on local and international perspectives.

Advance and delay in payments with the price-discount inventory model for deteriorating items under capacity constraint and partially backlogged shortages

Due to the highly competitive marketing economy, for different kinds of products’ related suppliers confer various incentives to their respective retailers with certain terms and conditions. Even though suppliers may require advance payments before delivering their products, they incentivize the scheme by offering instant price-discounts, maybe with some other additional benefits and we have constructed an inventory-model consisting of two-warehouses mathematically with deteriorating products. In this proposed model, the suppliers offer some price-discounts for advance payments made by their retailers. As advance payments put a constraint on the capital position of the retailers, the retailers meanwhile, enjoy some delay in the final payment of the rest amount which acts as a booster for their business. A partially backlogged shortage is allowed and its rate is considered to be dependent on the duration of waiting time from the replenishment of a lot to the arrival of the next lot. Finally, a numerical example is performed for validation of the suggested model.

Competitive Analysis of Contracts with Mixed Bundling in Oligopoly Markets

By packaging different kinds of products, firms always use mixed bundling to gain competitive advantages. In traditional markets, single-product firms mainly bundle products through merging its complementary firms. As antitrust authorities pay more attention to mergers, some firms are turning to engage in mixed bundling by contracts. For example, mobile phone firms and telecom service providers offer contract plans and prepaid plans with mobile phone, which are essentially mixed bundling. With the development of information technology, more and more internet enterprises have begun to implement the“mixed bundling contracts”. In this context, the“Anti-Monopoly Guide on Platform Economy”issued by the State Council of China has made it clear that platforms may adopt bundling and restrict market competition, which has been emphasized as“enhancing antitrust and prevent capital sprawl”in the 14th-Five-Year Plan of China. Thus, it is of great significance to analyze the motivation of manufacturers to implement mixed bundling contracts and its influence on the market competition for a better business environment and the improvement of anti-monopoly policy.Based on the research of Choi（2008）and Armstrong and Vickers（2010）, this paper constructs a dynamic game model to study the competition problem of oligarchic firms that produce complete complementary products by signing the“mixed bundling contracts”strategy, which is common in the real telecom market, computer hardware and software market and other service markets. The results show that: In the case of one-sided bundling contracts, contract firms will gain competitive advantages by increasing the bundling price and reducing the component price through mixed bundling contracts, while its competitors are forced to lower their prices and fallen into a competitive disadvantage. In the case of two-sided bundling contracts, firms’ profit decreases though the bundling price decreases and the component price increases, but consumer surplus still increases and the total social welfare decreases. Finally, all of the firms choose to sign contracts with mixed bundling and fall into the“Prisoners’ Dilemma”. Thus, competition policy should be opposed to the strategic behavior of firms negotiating and signing contracts with mixed bundling.The innovation of this paper lies in that: It develops a unified analytical framework based on Choi（2008）and Armstrong and Vickers（2010）, which extends and deepens existing studies. In particular, due to the interactive influence of the“vertical externality”of complementary products and the“horizontal externality”of competition, the results are different with previous studies. It also explains the competitive strategy of firms and the mechanism of bundling through mixed bundling contracts, providing a new perspective for understanding the bundling motivation. The research of this paper has important application value in reality. For example, in the telecom market, we observe that some telecom operators negotiate with mobile phone firms to sign contracts with mixed bundling to compete with their rivals. Based on the conclusion of this paper and the implementation status of anti-monopoly policy in China, policy suggestions are summarized as follows: （1）When antitrust authorities evaluate the effect of bundling competition, the product characteristics and market competition status should be considered.（2）Antitrust authorities should understand the motivation of bundling and evaluate the long-term welfare effect of mixed bundling contracts.（3）It is suggested to introduce third-party evaluation to build a multi-level governance model of mixed bundling contracts.

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts-New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material.

The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

Physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten‐free cupcakes added with fig seeds pomace flour

Gluten-free cupcakes were supplemented by different ratios of fig seeds pomace flour (FSF) (100/0, 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50) to improve product quality while reducing the glycemic index.Moisture content, browning index, specific volume, porosity, color, and textural properties of gluten-free cupcakes were investigated. Estimated glycemic index by in vitro digestion, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and cupcakes' sensory properties were also evaluated. The cupcakes with FSF, having glycemic index lower than 55, can be classified as low glycemic food according to 2 hr in vitro digestion. As the FSF ratio increased, browning index increased and correlated with decreasing lightness (L*) value. The porosity and hardness value of the samples also increased with the addition of FSF. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the product enhanced by the addition of FSF. Gluten-free cupcakes having 70/30 FSF ratio showed the highest sensory scores for appearance, color, and overall acceptance, while 90/10 FSF ratio was the most preferred in terms of texture and taste. Practical applications Fig seeds pomace is a valuable by-product obtained from the cold pressing of fig seeds for oil production. Fig seeds pomace flour can be used as a functional ingredient in gluten-free formulations due to its nutritional properties and low glycemic index value. Therefore, fig seed pomace flour can be considered a potential flour ingredient for the production of different kinds of gluten-free food products such as bread, pasta and cake for celiac disease patients.

Sound quality of dishwashers: Annoyance perception

Every day we are exposed to noise emitting from different kind of products. This exposure elicits different psychological responses. This irritating, intrusive and distracting noise usually lead to annoyance feelings. Here, proper description of the perceived sound of a device is crucial. Understanding the key dynamics why we evaluate some product sounds being more annoying than another can help us to develop better sounding devices. Producers being obliged to declare the sound power levels of the products in recent years helped society enormously while the challenge pushed companies to produce quieter devices. Nowadays, it is observed that the officially declared sound power levels are converging to a limiting value, where not only the overall level but also another features of the product sounds are becoming important. Moreover, even though the sound power level description is a crucial unit, it cannot exactly characterize the human perception. There, psychoacoustical methodologies are gaining importance.In this paper, dishwasher noise and noise generation mechanisms are investigated. Afterwards, annoyance estimations of dishwashers are obtained by five successive listening tests, each aims to understand a different important mechanism of annoyance estimations. Correlations between the annoyance evaluations and four psychoacoustical descriptors (loudness, sharpness, roughness and tonality) are investigated in detail to understand the annoyance estimation behavior of the subjects. It is found out that loudness and sharpness play an important role in dishwasher sound quality evaluations. However, the collinearity of these parameters are stressed out that they have to be used with care for further modelling. Effect of water splash noise is also found to be important, especially lying in 200 – 500 Hz region, where this region is subject to further improvements. Importance of time structure occurring due to the different rotational speed of the spray arms is also concluded based on the free interview results. The effect of time structure is also considered a part of possible future study. Lastly, effect of tonality is further discussed for washing and drying cycles since the effect in both cycles is found out to be different. These key points of the dishwasher sound quality perception are underlined which might help producers to have early-design stage decisions for better sounding devices, as well as giving insights for different inclusionary sound quality studies for similar type of devices.

Three-Component Self-Assembly Changes its Course: A Leap from Simple Polymers to 3D Networks of Spherical Host-Guest Assemblies.

One‐pot self‐assembly reactions of the polyphosphorus complex [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] (A), a coinage metal salt AgSbF6, and flexible aliphatic dinitriles NC(CH2)xCN (x=1–10) yield 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers. The seven‐membered backbone of the dinitrile was experimentally found as the borderline for the self‐assembly system furnishing products of different kinds. At x<7, various rather simple polymers are exclusively formed possessing either 0D or 1D Ag/A structural motifs connected by dinitrile spacers, while at x≥7, the self‐assembly switches to unprecedented extraordinary 3D networks of nano‐sized host–guest assemblies (SbF6)@[(A)9Ag11]11+ (x=7) or (A)@[(A)12Ag12]12+ (x=8–10) linked by dinitriles. The polycationic nodes represent the first superspheres based on A and silver and are host–guest able. All products are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The assemblies [(A)12Ag12]12+ were visualized by transmission electron microscopy.

Bending and uniaxial tensile strain effects on the critical current of REBCO coated conductor tapes

Bending tolerance is one of the most fundamental mechanical properties of REBCO coated conductors for application to a superconducting coil. In this study, we investigated critical current degradation of REBCO coated conductors under bending and uniaxial tensile strain at 77 K and self-field with three different kinds of production from SuperPower Inc, Suzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute (SAMRI) and Shanghai Superconductor Technology (STT), respectively. All the tapes showed better bending tolerance under compressive strain than tensile strain, particularly for STT tapes, which showed no Ic degradation in compressive bending strain even with bending radius of 4.5 mm, but a 5% Ic degradation in tensile strain with bending radius of 6–6.5 mm. A uniaxial tensile strain test was also carried out to verify the dependence of Ic under tensile bending strain, the test results showed a good agreement between them. The tensile strain tolerance was 0.28–0.29% for STT tapes, 0.4–0.43% for SAMRI tapes, and 0.5–0.55% for SuperPower tapes.

Scheduling in a flexible job shop followed by some parallel assembly stations considering lot streaming

ABSTRACT This article presents a flexible job-shop scheduling problem with a parallel assembly stage and lot streaming. Suppose that several products of different kinds are ordered to be produced. Each product consists of several specific parts. The components (parts) of products are manufactured in a flexible job shop, then assembled into products in parallel lines or parallel stations. The objective function is to minimize the total completion time of products (makespan). First, the problem is described and the parameters and decision variables are defined. Then, the problem is modelled as a mixed-integer linear programming model to solve the problem using GAMS software. Owing to the NP-hardness of the problem, two new algorithms are proposed to solve it for medium- and large-sized instances. These algorithms are based on variable neighbourhood search (VNS), with self-adaptive parallel VNS being applied in one of them. The considered problem is decomposed into two subproblems and each algorithm is used on two levels. These algorithms are applied to solve test problems of different sizes. The results show that the two-level algorithms perform better than the integrated one and the algorithm with self-adaptive parallel VNS outperforms the other algorithms in terms of solution quality.

Cross-Talk among Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils, Immune, and Non-Immune Cells via Released Cytokines, Granule Proteins, Microvesicles, and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: A Novel Concept of Biology and Pathobiology for Neutrophils.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are traditionally regarded as professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells that engulf the microbial pathogens. However, accumulating data have suggested that PMNs are multi-potential cells exhibiting many important biological functions in addition to phagocytosis. These newly found novel activities of PMN include production of different kinds of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)/ectosomes/exosomes and trogocytosis (membrane exchange) with neighboring cells for modulating innate, and adaptive immune responses. Besides, PMNs exhibit potential heterogeneity and plasticity in involving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), cancer immunity, autoimmunity, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, PMNs may also play a role in ameliorating inflammatory reaction and wound healing by a subset of PMN myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). Furthermore, PMNs can interact with other non-immune cells including platelets, epithelial and endothelial cells to link hemostasis, mucosal inflammation, and atherogenesis. The release of low-density granulocytes (LDG) from bone marrow initiates systemic autoimmune reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In clinical application, identification of certain PMN phenotypes may become prognostic factors for severe traumatic patients. In the present review, we will discuss these newly discovered biological and pathobiological functions of the PMNs.

Not all homeowners are alike: a segmentation model based on a quantitative analysis of Dutch adopters of residential photovoltaics

The implementation of residential photovoltaics must increase more rapidly to combat climate change and its impacts. This challenge is addressed in this study by introducing a segmentation model in order to develop a theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding the heterogeneity of potential adopters. Data were collected by means of a survey among Dutch adopters (n = 1395) and the data is analysed with statistical descriptive analyses and nonparametric tests. The five segmentation groups are divided by the homeowners’ educational background or profession (technical, financial-economic or other) and level of environmental concern. The results demonstrate that the groups are substantial in size and that there are significant differences between these groups on personal characteristics such as homeowners’ level of environmental concern and the level of influence of their social network on their decision to adopt. In addition, significant differences are found between the groups on the perceived characteristics of the residential photovoltaics such as perceived complexity and aesthetics, and the amount of previous practice with other energy measures in their home. Accordingly, these insights can be used by policymakers and the public and private sectors to promote residential photovoltaics more effectively by targeting the segmentation groups more adequately. The different groups will be drawn to different aspects and therefore, a broader pallet of benefits must be presented; a mix of different communication channels must be used; objective and non-technical assistance in the decision-making must be offered; and different kind of products must be provided.

Product design-time optimization using a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm

Production management is a function including a process of planning, directing, controlling, and organizing ongoing activities to convert inputs into the product. Industrial production management systems allow users to manage all aspects of mass processing in a centralized and decentralized environment. They focus on the overall process of production and distribution of goods and services. The purpose of this paper is to continuously improve the flow of materials so that the quality of the product and the final services are increased, and at the same time, the cost for the consumer is reduced. Since a crucial step in the process of managing the production is the product design phase, therefore, there are always many efforts to optimize and reduce product design time. In this paper, a new algorithm for scheduling design tasks has been suggested to minimize design time in production management systems using a hybrid algorithm. Considering that the scheduling of design tasks and allocating them to engineers concerning prioritizing tasks, skill levels, and preferences of designers is an NP-hard issue, many evolutionary and meta-heuristic approaches to solve this problem have been proposed. Therefore, the offered technique in this paper utilizes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for task allocation to designers. The proposed method is simulated via a MATLAB programming tool. The results of the experiments on a set of real-world data and random data indicate that the method improves the time of product design. Considering the different design processes for different kinds of products to improve the performance of designers is not done in this research.

Application on the impact domain analysis of on-orbit maintenance in China Space Station

On-orbit maintenance is an important means to extend the service life and improve the reliability of the space station. As an essential part of maintainability analysis, impact domain analysis of on-orbit maintenance can find out the deficiency of maintainability design in advance and reduce the risk brought by maintenance. In this paper, the analysis method of the impact domain of the space station on-orbit maintenance is studied, and the working idea of "stage by stage, full coverage, focusing on key points" is put forward to adapt to the development and needs of China Space Station. The process, object, content, and analysis emphasis of the impact domain analysis for different development phases and different kinds of products are determined. The engineering practice shows that reasonable maintenance process and optimal design can be determined by the analysis of the impact area of on-orbit maintenance, which lays the foundation for the good maintainability of China Space Station.

Research on the Impact of Rising Labor Cost on Trade between China and Japan ——Based on the perspective of ternary margins

This paper calculated the extensive margin, price margin and quantity margin of trade growth between China and Japan during 2000-2018, and analyzed the impact of rising labor costs on trade between China and Japan based on the perspective of ternary margins. The results show that the rising labor cost has both positive and negative effects on the growth of China’s export to Japan, also has different effects on different kinds of products. Specifically, there are significant positive effects on the extensive margin of animal and plant products and textile products, the price margin of chemical products and the quantity margin of textile products. The Government should formulate relevant policies, make the labor factors have reasonable distribution, and promote the long-term and stable development of trade between China and Japan.

Update of Probiotics in Human World: A Nonstop Source of Benefactions till the End of Time.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their biotechnological potential. Moreover, LAB are distinguished by amazing criteria: Adjusting the intestinal environment, inhibiting pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, ability to reduce pathogen adhesion activity, improving the balance of the microbiota inside the intestine, capabilities of regulating intestinal mucosal immunity, and maintaining intestinal barrier function. The escalating number of research and studies about beneficial microorganisms and their impact on promoting health has attracted a big interest in the last decades. Since antiquity, various based fermented products of different kinds have been utilized as potential probiotic products. Nevertheless, the current upsurge in consumers’ interest in bioalternatives has opened new horizons for the probiotic field in terms of research and development. The present review aims at shedding light on the world of probiotics, a continuous story of astonishing success in various fields, in particular, the biomedical sector and pharmaceutical industry, as well as to display the importance of probiotics and their therapeutic potential in purpose to compete for sturdy pathogens and to struggle against diseases and acute infections. Shadows and future trends of probiotics use are also discussed.

A comprehensive review of recent advances in renewable-based drying technologies for a sustainable future

Conventional drying technologies generally rely on drying processes driven by using hot air, where these processes have significantly high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. With our knowledge based on the limited nature of fossil fuels and the impact of climate change, it is clear that every technology has to be cleaner, cheaper, and more efficient to limit our carbon footprint while maintaining sustainable development. In this regard, the present study comprehensively reviews the recent advances in drying technologies and energy consumption and the efficiency and economic performances of several alternative drying technologies. The reviewed drying technologies include adsorption mediated, agitated thin film, electrotechnologies, hybrid systems, impingement, heat pumps, microwave, ohmic-heating, refractance window, rotating drum, superheated steam, and vacuum. The selected performance criteria are final heat use, final electricity use, primary energy use, thermal and energy efficiencies, and operating cost. With these criteria taken into account, the results show that the refractance window has the highest sustainability ranking (8.28/10), and superheated steam has the lowest sustainability ranking (2.90/10). Besides, the sustainability of the different drying fuels and technologies is conducted, and the results show that renewables have the highest sustainability ranking. Besides, it is seen that some novel approaches in drying, such as solar-based hybrid drying systems and refractance window drying, are amongst the most promising sustainable technologies. They could be the key to clean, affordable, reliable, and efficient drying of different kinds of products in industrial processes.

Piperidinium‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Efficient and Sustainable Eco‐Friendly Medium for One‐Pot N‐Heterocycles Synthesis

AbstractThere is a significant use of different kinds of hazardous materials, solvents, and catalysts in laboratories and industries for the production of different useful products. All over the globe millions of pharmaceutical industries are working for production of different kinds of drugs/compounds, consequently there is a need to limit (or replace) the use of such materials so as to reduce the environmental and health issues. In this regard, one of the strategies is to replace traditional obnoxious solvents and chemicals with different kinds of green solvents, green materials, and green catalysts. The Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) has no or significantly less harmful effect as compared to conventional solvents. In this study we developed one‐pot synthetic strategies for synthesis of different N‐heterocyclic scaffolds such as indoles, 1,4‐dihydropyridine, acridine, and quinoline in piperidinium bromide and fluoride‐based DES; these solvents have good characteristics as multicomponent reaction media, and as a catalytic solvent to give good product yield in short interval of time.