Production Of Consumer Goods Research Articles

Contribution of Cooperation and Specialization for Technological Development and Associated Social Change

Established on the basis of certain principles and values, with their democratic structure, cooperatives contribute to socio-economic development, provide employment and contribute to meeting the needs of their members and clients. In its written statutes, the Rochdale cooperatives, considered the first, set the following socio-economic goals, valid today: co-construction of homes, production of consumer goods, purchase of land to secure employment for unemployed members and others. The stated objectives clearly distinguish the activities carried out by the cooperatives. The basis for this distinction is the ability to specialize in one or another area of the economy. Through cooperation and specialization technological development is achieved.

Structural Dependence of Reductive Defluorination of Linear PFAS Compounds in a UV/Electrochemical System.

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), legacy chemicals used in firefighting and the manufacturing of many industrial and consumer goods, are widely found in groundwater resources, along with other regulated compounds, such as chlorinated solvents. Due to their strong C-F bonds, these molecules are extremely recalcitrant, requiring advanced treatment methods for effective remediation, with hydrated electrons shown to be able to defluorinated these compounds. A combined photo/electrochemical method has been demonstrated to dramatically increase defluorination rates, where PFAS molecules sorbed onto appropriately functionalized cathodes charged to low cell potentials (-0.58 V vs Ag/AgCl) undergo a transient electron transfer event from the electrode, which "primes" the molecule by reducing the C-F bond strength and enables the bond's dissociation upon the absorption of a hydrated electron. In this work, we explore the impact of headgroup and chain length on the performance of this two-electron process and extend this technique to chlorinated solvents. We use isotopically labeled PFAS molecules to take advantage of the kinetic isotope effect and demonstrate that indeed PFAS defluorination is likely driven by a two-electron process. We also present density functional theory calculations to illustrate that the externally applied potential resulted in an increased rate of electron transfer, which ultimately increased the measured defluorination rate.

THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP, CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON CORPORATE VALUE

There are still companies that pay less attention and maintain value of ownership even though this is a concern in making investment decisions. In this study will examine investment opportunities, capital structure, and managerial ownership of firm value. The sample used is the financial statements of 27 companies manufacturing consumer goods sub sector in 2015-2017. This research is an associative research using secondary data which is quantitative data. Data is processed using Stata 12 by using multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that investment opportunities, capital structure, and managerial ownership had a significant effect on the firm's value partially on companies manufacturing the consumer goods sub sector.

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE DENGAN PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI

Thisi study aims to obtain empirical evidence of thei effect of profitability and leveragei on taxi avoidancei with thei corporatei sociali responsibilityi disclosure as moderating variabeli. Thisi study focuses on consumer goods companies listed on thei Indonesia Stock Exchange, there companies produce consumer goods that are routinely needed by thei community. thei sample are 17 companies with purposive sampling technique, analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). thei results of thisi study indicate that profitability has a positive effect of taxi avoidancei. Thisi means that thei higher thei profitability, thei higher thei taxi avoidancei of thei company. Leveragei has a negative effect on taxi avoidancei. Thisi means that thei higher thei interest expense thei company has, thei lower thei taxi avoidancei rate. Corporatei sociali responsibilityi disclosure cannot moderate thei effect of profitability and leveragei on taxi avoidancei.

Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission, and Well-Being in Africa

The link among energy use, human welfare, and carbon emission has been a topical issue in the literature. In Africa, energy consumption has been on the increase owing to the production and consumption of sophisticated consumer goods and home appliances. Increased energy use triggers carbon emission that is detrimental to human welfare. This study investigates this puzzle in emerging African countries by utilizing panel vector autoregressive and system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) in the context of a mix of theories. The results indicate a unidirectional causality running from FUEL, COAL to per capita income (PCI). A unidirectional causality running from mortality rate (MOR) to COAL and CO2 was observed. There is a bidirectional relationship between MOR and energy use. The SYS-GMM results show that the effects of energy consumption on well-being are diverse. Increase in coal consumption reduces unemployment rate while electricity consumption reduces infant mortality rate. Fuel consumption aggravates incidence of mortality rate. CO2 reduces unemployment but worsens infant mortality rate. Electricity consumption reduces infant mortality rate. Hence, for the purpose of policy harmonization tailored toward improving well-being in the emerging economies of Africa, it is recommended that more of coal consumption and efficient use of electricity must be encouraged.

EDUCAÇÃO MAKER E COMPROMISSO ÉTICO NA SOCIEDADE DA CULTURA DIGITAL

Neste artigo, reflete-se sobre o diálogo entre as tecnologias, o currículo, a ética e o compromisso social. Para tanto, pesquisaram-se, nas produções bibliográficas levantadas em bases de dados digitais, teses e dissertações que analisam contextos educacionais e curriculares em que se desenvolvem características do movimento maker. A análise qualitativa dos textos levantados identificou que o movimento maker está em processo de implantação nas escolas e ganha força a partir de uma série de eventos vinculados à educação; além disso, a proposta diferenciada da produção de bens de consumo inspira agora o desenvolvimento de um modelo educacional mais voltado ao fazer dialógico, um refletir sobre a aprendizagem e o compartilhamento de problemas e soluções individuais e sociais, com o uso da tecnologia. Conclui-se que as potencialidades e o valor político-pedagógico dos ambientes maker trazem, para a educação, amplo espaço ao exercício do caráter ético que pode estar subjacente aos projetos. Evidenciou-se como tendência a perspectiva de propor um contínuo replanejamento dos objetivos da aprendizagem alinhando-os com as questões sociais mais amplas inclusive dos desafios de problemáticas sociais mundiais, dos territórios, dos grupos de alunos e da dimensão ética e da política das relações entre eles. O papel de um currículo crítico e da função socioeducativa do professor são fundamentais na montagem desta complexa e delicada equação: tecnologias, currículo, ética e compromisso social.

The rise of China in economic cooperation International in the East Asia Region

East Asian economic characteristics that involve the role of the state as well as the development of the industry, has been relatively creates confidence in the market so that the flow of capital, goods, and services began to lead to the region since the late 20th century. The excess of the advance of China as the new political economic power is also growing wider market in Southeast Asia. The emergence of China as the dominant country in the world political economy are not purely derived from the ability of domestic governance, but also factor disclosure strategy in East Asian economies led by the extractive industry transformation towards manufacturing industry. This expansion translates into core industry sectors in East Asia.This article is intended as a preliminary study on the degree of China's industrial sector expansion in East Asia, as well as identifying the internal factors in the expansion of China's influence. By using the approach as well as the extended behavioralism regionalism as a tool of analysis , this article finds that China is a state actor who is more emphasis on manufacturing and trade sectors of consumer goods as a strategy into an economic hegemon in its own region , formerly controlled by Japan

The rise of China in economic cooperation International in the East Asia Region

East Asian economic characteristics that involve the role of the state as well as the development of the industry, has been relatively creates confidence in the market so that the flow of capital, goods, and services began to lead to the region since the late 20th century. The excess of the advance of China as the new political economic power is also growing wider market in Southeast Asia. The emergence of China as the dominant country in the world political economy are not purely derived from the ability of domestic governance, but also factor disclosure strategy in East Asian economies led by the extractive industry transformation towards manufacturing industry. This expansion translates into core industry sectors in East Asia.This article is intended as a preliminary study on the degree of China's industrial sector expansion in East Asia, as well as identifying the internal factors in the expansion of China's influence. By using the approach as well as the extended behavioralism regionalism as a tool of analysis , this article finds that China is a state actor who is more emphasis on manufacturing and trade sectors of consumer goods as a strategy into an economic hegemon in its own region , formerly controlled by Japan

An Analysis of the Differences in Overseas Buyers’ Perception on Korean Consumer Products

Background/Objectives: This study is about the difference of perception among overseas buyers who are interested in Korean consumer goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is a difference in price, quality, differentiation (uniqueness), reliability, and post-consultation intention for buyers to purchase representative consumer products in Korea.Methods/Statistical analysis: For the research method, we surveyed 420 overseas buyers who participated in the SME Consumer Goods Product Purchasing Meeting held in Seoul in 2019. 660 valid surveys were collected from infant, cosmetic, fashion, food and household buyers in Southeast Asia, China, Japan and other regions (Europe, USA, CIS). With SPSS22.0, we analyzed exploratory factors and reliability of Korean buyers’ characteristics and overseas buyers’ evaluation criteria for Korean companies and products. And, ANOVA was used to examine the difference in buyers’ awareness of consumer goods and product characteristic.Findings: According to the analysis results, there is a difference in recognition of price and trading intentions for the product group (baby goods, cosmetics, fashion goods, food and household goods, etc.) regardless of the buyer’s region. Therefore, price correlates with buying decisions and it can be seen that price influences trading decisions. However, there is no difference in perception in quality, differentiation and reliability, and we can see that the quality of consumer products in Korea is generally well received and high in reliability. On the other hand, buyers from different regions showed differences in perception in price, quality, and reliability, but there were no perception differences in product differentiation or intention to trade. Therefore, although prices, quality, and reliability are evaluated differently, it can be seen that there is a high willingness to trade in acknowledgment of product differentiation or uniqueness.Improvements/Applications: In the future, it is hoped that the research will be conducted only for buyers in Southeast Asian countries, and through this, it will be possible to establish marketing strategies by analyzing buyer tendency of each country in Southeast Asian countries. In addition, we hope to analyze more specific marketing points through research linking buyers’ evaluations with the performance of domestic companies.

The use of the phosphor of phosphogypsum as a filler for fluorescent polymers

In modern Russia and the CIS countries, phosphogypsum waste is an urgent environmental problem. This product is obtained in the production of phosphoric acid and is a large tonnage of low-recyclable waste. According to open sources, it is processed 20 times less than it is produced. Attempts to use it in cement production, in construction, in agricultural purposes do not lead to a cardinal fracture and it is still accumulating. In this regard, the topic of processing and use of phosphogypsum is an urgent topic. In the modern world there is a demand for bright luminescent colors, paints, consumer goods. An analysis of the literature showed that phosphors can be made from various chemicals, including metal sulfides. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of obtaining a phosphor from phosphogypsum and its use as a filler-pigment for polymer products. The phosphor was obtained from phosphogypsum by the reduction of phosphogypsum with an organic substance. This phosphor was studied in polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and other polymer matrices. It is shown to be compatible with polyolefins, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, nitrocellulose matrices; not compatible with epoxy matrices. It is shown that at the melting temperature of polymers this phosphor does not decompose, does not lose its properties. As a result of the work, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of obtaining a cheap phosphor filler, which is compatible with many industrial polymers. This phosphor can be used in toys, in the manufacture of special luminescent paint and consumer goods..

News shocks, government subsidies and housing prices in Brazil

PurposeIn recent years, housing prices in Brazil have shown a surprising growth. An important issue is trying to understand what elements can explain this behavior. This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that a generalized optimism associated with government policies directed to the housing sector may be behind the behavior of real estate prices. This study develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to investigate these issues. The results showed that subsidies combined with the easing of credit conditions were able to positively influence real estate prices. Moreover, unanticipated shocks had a greater impact on housing prices than anticipated shocks.Design/methodology/approachThe DSGE model was developed to analyze the relationship between economic agents’ expectations about future economic developments, also known in the literature as “news shocks,” expansionary fiscal policy and housing prices in Brazil. The economy is composed of families, entrepreneurs, final goods firms, a financial sector and a fiscal authority. Families are divided into two groups: patients or savers and impatient or debtors. They differ in terms of their intertemporal discount factors. Both provide labor for firms producing non-durable goods. Impatient families are restricted in the amount of borrowing they can take. The production side of economy model is given by the consumer goods production sector. The financial sector is composed of a representative bank that pays the deposits made by patient families and channels resources for the granting of housing loans with the accumulation of assets subject to regulatory restrictions.FindingsThe results show that both price subsidies and subsidized interest rates exerted a positive influence on housing prices in Brazil. In response to a housing demand shock, housing prices display a greater increase the greater are the subsidies to low income families. The authors show that anticipated shocks have a larger impact on housing prices than unexpected shocks. Therefore, the results support the idea that the wave of good news, optimistic behavior and government policies aimed at the housing sector were behind the behavior of housing prices in Brazil.Originality/valueThere are some studies applied to the Brazilian economy that mention some of these stimuli. In this study, the authors focused on studies proposed by Mendonça et al. (2011), Mendonça (2013), Silva et al. (2014) and Besarria et al. (2016). In general, the authors show that there is a negative relationship between monetary policy instruments and real estate prices. This paper differs from these authors by considering the effects of government subsidies, subsidized interest rates and anticipated shocks from a DSGE model, thus explicitly addressing their effects on housing prices in Brazil.

Influence of Pester Power on Parents’ Buying Decision: A Focus on FMCG Products in Pakistan

This study examined the impact of pester power on parent’s buying decisions, considering the peer influence, store environment, product packaging, and advertisement as stimuli of pester power. Data were collected by distributing a survey questionnaire in supermarkets and shopping malls in Pakistan from 200 parents and were analyzed by using PLS-SEM. The results confirmed the Pakistani children’s dominance in parents buying decisions for various Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) products. The results significantly indicate that product packaging, peers’ product preferences, and advertisements affects parents buying decision. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on the impacts of pester power on the parents buying decisions through peer influence, product packaging, and advertisement. In addition to that, this study is the first attempt in the Pakistan context, especially the FMCG industry. The findings of this study may benefit marketers to increase their market share by developing their strategies and marketing campaign; and store managers to plan product placement in their stores in such a way that cultivates quest in children for products, considering them as influencers on parents buying decisions, in line with the study findings.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ РЕГІОНУ В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Monitoring the situation and research on the innovation potential of the region is always relevant, because it will be possible to understand in which direction it is best to develop the industry of a region. The leading industries of the region are forestry, woodworking, pulp and paper, chemical and petrochemical, mechanical engineering and metalworking, light and food industries. The dominant place in the industry structure is occupied by mechanical engineering and metalworking. The following economic complexes have the greatest innovative potential in the western region: agroindustrial complex, construction complex, forestry complex, complex of production of consumer goods (social), fuel and energy complex, chemical complex. Innovative agro-industrial complex of the western region of Ukraine should be implemented in the areas of development of those farms that, based on the specifics of natural and climatic conditions, will provide stable financial income. Among them we will single out: dairy, fruit-harvesting, fat-processing, woolen branches. The development of timber production in the future will largely depend on the availability of wood raw materials.

The Effect of Sustainability Reporting on Profitability of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

This study aims to: examine the effect of both (i) social disclosures, (ii) environmental disclosures, (iii) economic disclosures on the profitability of listed consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The sample of this study comprises of 15 out of 23 consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria based on secondary data from 2009 to 2018. The hypotheses were tested with t-test statistics. The results suggest that economic and social performance disclosures have an insignificant positive impact on both earnings per share and return on equity, whereas, environmental disclosures have a strong positive and significant effects only on earnings per share. Furthermore, sustainability reporting had a positive and significant impact on the profitability of selected companies. It was recommended that companies publish useful sustainability reports as this would improve their profitability.

Tax Planning and Firm Value: An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Cyprus

The study identifies the impact of tax planning on the firm value of consumer goods manufacturing companies in Cyprus. The specific objectives are to determine the impact of firm and leverage on firm value of Cypriot consumer goods manufacturing companies. The data included in the study were collected from the annual reports and accounts of consumer goods of the manufacturing companies in Cyprus and formulated hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analysis. The result had a positive effect on our leverage dependent variable. Based on the findings of the study, the application of the study with more samples may be recommended for future studies.

Development of multi-channel marketing strategies for developing markets for low-cost consumer product goods

Development of multi-channel marketing strategies for developing markets for low-cost consumer product goods

Evaluating strategies for environmental sustainability in a supply chain of an emerging economy

Due to an increased pressure to be environmentally sustainable, many manufacturing organizations, especially from developing countries like Bangladesh, are attempting to make necessary changes in practices and supply chains. However, those attempts need to be applied strategically with the objective to be both environmentally sustainable and economically viable. This paper offers a decision-making methodology by integrating a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for evaluating strategies for environmental sustainability based on their impact on the overall supply chain network of an organization. This paper first identifies 18 generic strategies for environmental sustainability and three supply chain performance measurement (PM) factors. Afterwards, the cause-effect relationships among these strategies and PM factors are utilized to capture the complicated relationships by FCM. The extended delta rule (EDR) learning algorithm was used in association with FCM to quantify the impact of those strategies on supply chain PM factors. Finally, DEA is used to prioritize strategies using these impact values. A real-life case using a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturer from Bangladesh is presented to justify the applicability of the proposed methodology. The results reflect the usefulness of this methodology for evaluating strategies for environmental sustainability in a supply chain (SC), specifically in the FMCG sector of an emerging economy. Thus, other manufacturing organizations from any industry can use this methodology to evaluate strategies for environmental sustainability.

Development of Timber Industry Complex as a Tool for the Realization of Regional Modernization Processes in the Second Half of the XX Century (on the Example of Karelia)

Introduction. The development of industry in the economic history of Russia often became one of the main factors in the activation of modernization processes. Moreover, during the periods of modernization breakthroughs, the most developed and vital sectors for the state developed most actively. These include the development of metallurgy, mechanical engineering, the coal and oil industries, etc. It is important to understand how the development of a particular industrial sector influenced the development of modernization processes in Russian regions. The study of regional specifics makes it possible to more thoroughly reveal the features of the implementation of Russian modernization processes, since only macro trends can be traced at the national level. The timber industry complex (TIC) is always an important element of the Soviet and then the Russian economy. Karelia during the second half of the twentieth century developed as a single-industry region with a predominant development of the timber industry sectors. As a result, the timber industry complex became an instrument for implementing modernization processes in the republic, which could not but affect the state and development of the region’s resource potential. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of mainly statistical materials reflecting the influence of the timber industry sectors on the development of regional modernization processes. Studying the regional features of the socio-economic development of Karelia as a single-industry region allows us to identify the features of modernization in certain regions of Russia, in which the development of the timber industry sectors has become the basis of economic development. In the research process, historical-systemic, historical-dynamic, historical-comparative, historical-genetic were used. Results. In the course of the analysis of statistical data on Karelia, the main trends in the production, socio-infrastructural and demographic development of the republic were identified under the influence of the development of the timber industry sectors. The main reasons that led to a gradual decrease in indicators of socio-economic development were identified. It was shown that the common cause of the decrease in the resource potential of Karelia was the preservation for decades of a one-sided orientation towards the development of mainly the timber industry sectors. Discussion and Conclusion. During the period under review, Karelia was formed as a single-industry region with a predominant development of the timber industry sectors, which directly affected the success of the modernization processes in the republic. Outlined since the mid-1960s a decline in the development of the timber industry sectors of the republic led to a decrease in timber production, a general decline in industrial production, poorly developed sectors for the production of consumer goods, and a lack of developed social infrastructure.

RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICES IN RUSSIAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES: RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

The article analyzes the practice of implementing risk management in Russian industrial companies. The study conducted a survey of 96 industrial companies in various industries in order to identify the features of implementing a risk management system in Russian industrial organizations. The main goals of implementing risk management systems in industrial companies, the features of organizational risk management structures, the amount of costs for maintaining risk management systems, risk assessment methods, the activities of industrial organizations that integrate risk management processes, and the level of automation of risk management systems were identified.The method of assessing the level of maturity of risk management is proposed: absent, managed, quantitatively managed, optimized and advanced levels.Using cluster analysis, groups of Russian industrial companies in various industries were identified by the level of process maturity of the risk management system. The most developed in the field of risk management systems are companies in the mining industry, mechanical engineering, as well as those engaged in the production of consumer goods. Companies with the least developed level of risk management include companies in the furniture, pulp and paper, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as those that produce building materials.On the basis of the survey identified the main barriers introducing a comprehensive system of risk management of industrial companies.The described research areas will help to increase the effectiveness of the risk management system, which will help to increase the strategic stability of the company.

Problems of Light Industry Development in Modern Russia

The presented study characterizes light industry, emphasizes the importance of examining the state of this industry, and identifies the major problems in its development.Aim. The study aims to identify the most important problems in the Russian light industry and trends of its development.Tasks. The authors analyze the contribution of light industry to the country’s GDP; conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of light industry; identify the major problems and trends of development in light industry; determine the prospects for its efficient functioning.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, tabular and graphical methods to examine the problems and prospects of light industry development.Results. Nowadays, light industry is understood to include a variety of industries specializing in the production of consumer goods. Additional products resulting from the development of this industry are adapted for use in other spheres. Light industry includes three sub-industries: textile, clothing, and leather. The volume of sales of light industry products depends on such factors as consumer demand and the existence of foreign manufacturers importing goods of higher quality to the domestic market. The primary problem of development of this industry is the lack of investment combined with the obscure prospects and limited attractiveness of light industry and its enterprises for investors.Conclusions. The share of domestic manufacturers in the market of light industry products is less than 50%, the rest being manufacturers from China, Turkey, etc. Domestic light industry products are generally inferior in quality to their foreign counterparts. Light industry is closely associated with agriculture and the chemical industry, and the key to its development lies not only in the production of clothing, shoes, bags, bedding, etc., but most importantly in the manufacturing of products that would meet the requirements of other industries. It should also be noted that light industry provides a large number of jobs, with most employees being women. The government should pay attention to the problems and prospects of the efficient functioning of light industry under modern conditions, encourage domestic manufacturers, and consider providing government support for small and medium enterprises engaged in the production and sale of light industry products.