Colostrum Production Research Articles

Zeolite-supplemented diets in the prenatal period affected postpartum reproductive parameters, colostrum production, and body condition score of dairy cows.

The effect of zeolite on Ca plasma concentration, reproductive parameters, body condition score (BCS), and colostrum properties was evaluated in Holstein dairy cows during the postpartum period. Sixty pregnant cows were allocated to three experimental groups, including 1) a control (CON) diet; 2) a CON diet + 0.75% dry matter (DM) zeolite (100 gm/day/cow); and 3) a CON diet + 1.5% DM zeolite (200 gm/day/cow). Experimental diets were fed to cows during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Blood sample evaluation for Ca concentration was done. The prevalence of hypocalcemia and reproductive parameters, including BCS and colostrum properties, was also measured. Total Ca and ionized calcium (Ca++) concentrations in plasma at 6 and 12 h after calving were higher in zeolite-consuming cows than those in CON s (p < 0.01). Mean frequencies for severe and subclinical hypocalcemia in zeolite-consuming cows were 11.64% and 19.36% lower than those in the CON group, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean pregnancy efficiency of these cows was also 12.94% higher than the CON (p < 0.01). The mean BCS (p ≤ 0.05) and colostrum quality (p < 0.01) of zeolite-consuming cows were at maximum, but their mean colostrum yield was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.01). Zeolite dietary supplementation at levels of 0.75% and 1.5% DM of the preparturient diet is recommended for better CON of hypocalcemia, improved BCS and colostrum quality, and better prevention of postpartum reproductive disorders in dairy cows.

Consequences of the Ignored Insufficient Milk Syndrome

The Ignored Insufficient Milk Syndrome is the sum of mothers with low colostrum production and babies with birth weight loss, which is a sign of neonatal dehydration due to low intake (small volume) of colostrum in infants from mothers with Delayed Lactogenesis II. If neonatal dehydration is severe, and is not detected early, it can cause neurological damage to the newborn in the short, medium, and long term. Accepting weight loss as normal, means exposing them, unnecessarily, to a progressive risk of dehydration and brain damage of varying degrees, in the first 10 days of puerperium and exclusive breastfeeding. When the volume of colostrum ingested is insufficient, instead of conditioning growth and development, in terms of weight gain and adequate neurological functions, it conditions the opposite, weight loss and manifestations of neurological malfunction. In the other hand, it is been proven that all stressful factors in mothers, further inhibit and delay the onset of lactogenesis II. We do not doubt the unquestionable benefits of breastfeeding and that it is the best “Quality” food for neonates, but we insist that it is not enough in “Quantity” to satisfy neonatal nutritional needs during the first ten days of life. There is evidence that some of the “ten steps to successful breastfeeding”, like prohibiting supplementing babies with formula, and omitting step 6, while milk coming in occurs, do not provide the benefits highlighted and expected, they even have more risks than benefits for most infants and mothers.

Differences of Colostrum Production in Fore and Rear Teat of FHC Dairy Cows

This research aims to comprehend the different colostrum production between the fore and rear teats of FHC dairy cows. The method used was a case study by observing and collecting data at a farm by purposive sampling. The materials used in this study were 41 postpartum FHC dairy cows that produce colostrum on days 1-4 with a lactation period of 1-5. The data were tabulated and analyzed using paired t-test. The results showed that the average production of colostrum on the fore teats were 6.40 ± 5.39 kg/cow/day and the production of colostrum rear the teats were 7.03 ± 5.92 kg/cow/day and the highest average production of colostrum was on 3rd lactation period. The conclusion of the analysis showed that the production of colostrum in the fore and rear teats were highly different because the rear teats are larger than the fore teats.

Epidemiology of bovine colostrum production in New York Holstein herds: Cow, management, and environmental factors

Adequate supply of high-quality colostrum is essential for calf health. Colostrum production, at first milking, varies between animals and seasons, but herd-level and management associations with colostrum production have not been well described. Our objectives were to (1) describe colostrum production and colostrum handling practices and (2) to identify individual cow, herd management, and environmental factors associated with colostrum production. A convenience sample of 19 New York Holstein dairy farms (620 to 4,600 cows) were enrolled in this observational study to describe colostrum production and to evaluate cow, management, and prepartum environmental factors associated with colostrum yield and Brix %. Herd owners or managers were given a colostrum management questionnaire, and farm personnel recorded individual colostrum yield and Brix % for primiparous (PP; n = 5,978) and multiparous (MPS; n = 13,228) cows between October 2019 and February 2021. Temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were measured by sensors placed in each farm's close-up dry cow pens for the entire length of the study. Median colostrum yield for each farm ranged from 2.5 to 7.6 kg for PP and 4.0 to 7.7 kg for MPS cows. Mean Brix % from each farm ranged from 22.2 to 27.9% for PP and 22.0 to 28.8% for MPS cows. Lowest colostrum yield from PP animals was associated with calf sex (female) and colostrum Brix % (≤22%). Greatest colostrum yield from MPS cows was associated with colostrum Brix % (≤22%), calf sex (twin), dry period length (>67 d), gestation length (283-293 d), an alive calf, second parity, previous lactation length (>344 d) and previous lactation 305-d mature equivalent milk yield (>13,091 kg), heat and humidity exposure area under the curve (AUC) 7 d before calving (>69.2 average temperature-humidity index per 30-min interval), and light intensity AUC 14 d before calving (>154.2 average lux per 15-min interval). Greatest colostrum Brix % from PP animals was associated with calf sex (male), an alive calf, and light intensity AUC 14 d before calving (≤64.0 average lux per 15-min interval). Greatest colostrum Brix % from MPS cows was associated with dry period length (>67 d), an alive calf, 305-d mature equivalent milk yield of previous lactation (≤15,862 kg), gestation length (274-282 d), colostrum yield (<6 kg), fifth or greater parity, and heat and humidity exposure AUC 7 d before calving (≤50.1 average temperature-humidity index per 30-min interval). Dairy producers can use this information to recognize the variation in colostrum production and alter colostrum management programs in anticipation of periods of low production or quality.

Short-term energy supplementation before lambing improves maternal behaviour, udder volume, colostrum viscosity and lamb birthweight in ewes under extensive grazing

The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of short-term energy supplementation before lambing on maternal and lamb behaviour and colostrum production in a large-scale trial in Merino sheep under extensive grazing. It was hypothesized that prepartum supplementation would improve ewe-lamb bonding at birth, increase udder volume and colostrum production while reducing colostrum viscosity. Milk production between weeks 2 and 5 of lactation was measured to test whether this variable was also affected. A complete randomised designed experiment was conducted over three non-consecutive years (Y1 = 2009, Y2 = 2010, Y3 = 2012) with pregnant adult ewes (Y1: n = 87; Y2: n = 65; Y3: n = 71) from a synchronised mating. Ewes remained under extensive grazing on natural grassland from mating until 5 weeks after lambing. On day 123 of gestation, ewes were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: grazing ewes (Control) or grazing ewes daily supplemented with 250 g of maize and 250 g of oat per head (SUPPL) until day 144 of gestation. Behavioural and performance variables were measured in ewes and lambs. Data showed that SUPPL ewes returned to their offspring more quickly once the newborn was ear-tagged and weighted than Control ewes (P < 0.05). In addition, lambs born to SUPPL ewes tended to suck earlier than Control (P < 0.10). Udder volume in SUPPL ewes was 25% greater than in Control ewes (P < 0.05). Colostrum produced by SUPPL ewes was less viscous than in Control ewes (P < 0.05) and colostrum volume tended to be higher in SUPPL ewes (P < 0.10). Overall, birthweight was significantly greater in lambs born to SUPPL ewes compared with Control (P < 0.05). Milk production between weeks 2 and 5 of lactation was not affected by the dietary treatment (P > 0.05). The present experiment also showed a significant interannual variation in some parameters of interest. A beneficial effect of short-term prepartum supplementation on maternal behaviour, udder volume, colostrum viscosity and lamb birthweight was shown in Merino sheep under extensive grazing. This work also highlights that a practical low-cost supplementation strategy for sheep producers in extensive systems may have clear implications in lamb survival, animal welfare and farm productivity.

Effect of Steaming Up on Old Pregnant Parent Weights, Calf Birth Weight and Colostrum Production in PFH Cattle in Sumber Rejeki Group, Princi, Dau, Malang District

The study purpose to determine the relationship between steaming up on body weight of pregnant cow, birth weight of calf and colostrum production. The research was conducted in Sumber Rejeki Group at Princi Village, Dau Sub-District, Malang Regency, East Java. The material used in this research was 30 cows. The research method used in this research was case study. The results showed that steaming up treatment did not give significant effects on body weight of pregnant cow and calf bir but it did give significant effects on colostrum production. The average weight of pregnant cow that treated with steaming up was 483.03±28.43 kg and the average weight that not treated with steaming up was 471.81±29.90 kg. The average calf birth weight that its mother treated with steaming up was 32.25±6.52 kg and the average calf birth weigh that its mother not treated with steaming up was 31.70±4.96 kg. The average of colostrum production from cow that treated with steaming up was 10.91±3.38 litre/cow/day and the average of colostrum production from cow that not treated with steaming up was 7.94±1.79 litre/cow/day. It was concluded that steaming up treatment effects on body weight of pregnant cow and calf birth weight did not differ significantly (p-value&gt;0.05) but it had significant effects on colostrum production (p-value&lt;0.05). It was suggested to have steaming up treatment on pregnant cow 2 until 3 weeks or 15 days before partus in order to achieve optimum production and maximum profit.

Dietary β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate supplementation of sows improves litter performance and colostrum production in a dose-dependent manner

The inclusion of β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) in sow diets can improve sow and piglet pre-weaning performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a dose-dependent effect of HMB supplementation of sows in gestation on litter and piglet performance to weaning and on colostrum production. A total of 140 (Large White × Landrace [JSR Genepacker 90, JSR, UK]) multiparous sows were allocated to one of four treatments. There was a control treatment (CT) which was supplemented with HMB at the following doses to create four treatments: 0 (CT + 0), 5 (CT + 5), 15 (CT + 15) or 45 (CT + 45) mg/kg of the sow’s body weight. Sows were fed their treatments from d 100 of gestation until parturition. Feeding sows increasing doses of HMB increased total live born litter weight and average piglet 24-h weight in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). This quadratic pattern remained significant for litter and piglet weights at week one (P = 0.021 and P = 0.021, respectively) and a trend for litter weights at weaning (P = 0.056). There were quadratic increases in colostrum intake (P = 0.005) and yield (P = 0.004) in response to increased doses of HMB. Additionally, the IgG concentration of colostrum increased linearly up to the highest dose tested (P = 0.002). Mortality within the first 24-h of farrowing was reduced in a quadratic manner (P = 0.045) and this remained a trend at weaning (P = 0.055). Overall, increasing the dose of HMB fed to sows for the last 15 days of gestation increased litter and piglet weights and colostrum yield quadratically and increased colostrum IgG level linearly which in turn contributed towards reduced mortality to weaning.

PSVI-9 Effect of Supplementing Confined Goats with Cucumis Melo During the Peripartum Period

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of Cucumis melo supplementation on the quality and production of colostrum, milk, as well as live weight dynamics in both mothers and kids during the peripartum period. Pregnant multiparous adult goats (n=15) were divided into two experimental groups: 1) GS; n=8; supplemented with 300 g of dehydrated C. melo plus 100 g of concentrate); 2) GC; n=7; supplemented with 100 g of concentrate but without C melo). Data were analyzed by an ANOVA in a completely randomized design with the SAS statistical package (Evenston, ILL, USA, 2000) and differences were considered as significant at p≤ 0.05. Live weight did not differ between groups P=0.5, while colostrum fat content was greater in the GS compared with the GC (9.6 ± 1.1 vs 6.2 ± 0.8; P˂0.02). In milk production, no difference was observed between groups (2.2 ± 0.1 kg/day; P=0.8), however, on day 21 postpartum, an increase of 100 g/day was recorded for GS, compared with GC. Nutritional supplementation based on C. melo in goats during peripartum improves colostrum quality and increases milk production, under the conditions in which the experimental work was developed and could be adopted by goat breeders as an alternative so that their goats have a higher performance.

Birth, colostrum, and vigour traits of lambs born from Corriedale ewes grazing native pastures supplemented during the peripartum period

To evaluate the effect of a short-term energy-protein supplementation during the peripartum on birth, colostrum, and vigour traits of lambs, 214 multiparous Corriedale pregnant ewes grazing native pastures were used. Ewes, according to body conditions score and body weight, were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design: type of birth (single or twin), and supplementation (yes or no). Single (n = 67) and twin bearing (n = 39) non-supplemented, and single (n = 67) and twin bearing supplemented ewes (n = 41) were observed during lambing in two similar sub-paddocks. There was no detected interaction between supplementation and type of birth for any of the experimental variables (P > 0.05), except in the time the lambs took to stand after birth. Length of gestation and type of parturition (normal vs. dystocia) were not affected by supplementation or type of birth (P > 0.05). The duration of parturition (phase II) was longer in supplemented than non-supplemented and in single than in twin bearing ewes (P < 0.05). Colostrum production was greater, heavier, and less viscous in supplemented than non-supplemented ewes, and in single than twin bearing ewes (P < 0.05). Colostrum nutritional values were greater in supplemented than non-supplemented ewes; there was more total lactose in single than twin bearing ewes (P < 0.05). Birth weight of lambs was not affected by supplementation (P > 0.05), but it was higher in single than twin lambs (P < 0.05). There were more lambs with blood glucose concentration greater than 20 mg/dl at birth from supplemented than non-supplemented, and from single than twin bearing ewes (P < 0.05). There was no effect of supplementation in the time taken by lambs to stand and suck their mothers (P > 0.05), however in non-supplemented ewes, single lambs stood and sucked faster than twin lambs (P < 0.05). No differences in lamb mortality to 72 h were observed due to supplementation or type of birth (P > 0.05) but lesions of dystocia/stillbirth/birth injury as cause of death was less frequent in supplemented than non-supplemented ewes (P < 0.05), without differences by type of birth (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a short-term energy-protein supplementation in ewes during peripartum period influenced positively the volume, viscosity and composition of colostrum and blood glucose of lambs at birth, reducing lesions of dystocia/stillbirth/birth injury as cause of death of lambs, but did not affect the length of gestation, duration, or type of parturition in ewes, birth weight, lamb vigour, or lamb mortality to 72 h.

Effect of capsaicin on the feed intake and immunoglobin concentration of sows, and performance of piglets.

Capsaicin is a recognized alkaloid that can be used as a flavoring and palatability agent. These effects can increase feed intake in lactating sows during farrowing, especially under thermal stress conditions, and provide antioxidant and immunostimulant activities. The objective of this work was to find out the effects of a capsaicin-based product on the feed intake of sows, immunomodulation, and repercussions on litter performance and the control of piglet diarrhea conditions. A total of 132 pregnant sows and lactating sows and their respective litters were divided into 66 sows each and submitted to one of two possible treatments: a capsaicin-free diet (control group) or capsaicin per meal/day. Capsaicin was mixed with gestation and lactation diets in the proportion of 98.6g of feed and 1.4g of capsaicin/kg feed, with the dose administered "on top" of 100g per treatment day on the first feeding. The sows were treated between 90days of gestation and 21days of lactation. Backfat thickness, feed intake during farrowing, colostrum production, IgG colostrum concentration, sow reproductive performance, piglet performance, and diarrhea were evaluated. Compared to the sows in the control group, those that received capsaicin had higher feed intake (+ 0.69kg/day during lactation, P = 0.008), higher levels of IgG in colostrum (185.75 versus 153.80mg/mL, P = 0.04), an 11.2% higher litter weight gain, with individual piglet weight gains greater than 5.24% (P = 0.045), and an effective reduction in the frequency of piglet diarrhea on the 10th and 17th days of age (P = 0.013 and P = 0.001, respectively). Capsaicin is an additive with potential effects on the sow's performance, with positive influences on the health and growth of suckling piglets.

Preliminary Study of Prolificacy and Maternal Ability on Six Sheep Biotypes in Uruguay

The results of the first evaluation of the Prolific Sheep Project of INIA (2008-2011) demonstrated that the crossbred biotypes Corriedale by East Friesian or Corriedale by Finnish Landrace weaned 60 % more lambs than pure Corriedale and, on the other hand, the crossbred East Friesian by Finnish Landrace weaned 85 % more than pure Corriedale. However, and under the same productive conditions, the behavior at lambing and colostrum production of these new biotypes are unknown. In order to find out, an experiment was conducted at INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (34°S; 57°O) where 61 female lambs 4-6 teeth born in the spring of 2010 were evaluated. Two pure breeds were used: Corriedale (C.C) and East Friesian (M.M), and the crosses Finnish Landrace x Corriedale (F.C), East Friesian x Corriedale (M.C), 3/4 East Friesian - 1/4 Finnish Landrace (M.(F.M)), 7/8 Finnish Landrace - 1/8 Corriedale (F.(FxF.C)), mated with Texel rams. The increase in Finnish blood resulted in more prolificacy (2.2; 2.3 and 2.4 for 1/4; 1/2 and 7/8 Finnish with lighter lambs and less lambing assistance. Both half and pure East Friesian had similar and moderate prolificacy (1.8 M.C and 1.7 M.M) whereas lambing assistance was high. Colostrum production and composition was similar between biotypes, with the exception of M.M, that produced more. There were no differences in placental efficiency between biotypes. Birth weight of lambs affected their behavior in the first hour of life, specifically the time from birth to first stand up to suckle.

Gilt development to improve offspring performance and survivability.

Methods for developing incoming replacement gilts can indirectly and directly influence survivability of their offspring. Indirectly, having proper gilt development reduces culling rates and mortality, which increases longevity and creates a more mature sow herd. Older sows are more likely to have greater immunity than gilts and therefore can pass this along to their pigs in both quantity and quality of colostrum and milk, thus improving piglet survivability. Directly, proper gilt development will maximize mammary gland development which increases colostrum and milk production leading to large, healthy pig. As for the developing gilt at birth, increasing colostrum intake, reducing nursing pressure, providing adequate space allowance, and good growth rate can increase the likelihood that gilts successfully enter and remain in the herd. Light birth weight gilts (<1 kg) or gilts from litters with low birth weight should be removed early in the selection process. Gilts should be weaned at 24 d of age or older and then can be grown in a variety of ways as long as lifetime growth rate is over 600 g/d. Current genetic lines with exceptional growth rate run the risk of being bred too heavy, reducing longevity. On the other hand, restricting feed intake at specific times could be detrimental to mammary development. In these situations, reducing diet amino acid concentration and allowing ad libitum feed is a possible strategy. Gilts should be bred between 135 and 160 kg and at second estrus or later while in a positive metabolic state to increase lifetime productivity and longevity in the herd. Once bred, gilts should be fed to maintain or build body reserves without becoming over-conditioned at farrowing. Proper body condition at farrowing impacts the percentage of pigs born alive as well as colostrum and milk production, and consequently, offspring performance and survivability. Combined with the benefit in pig immunity conferred by an older sow parity structure, gilt development has lasting impacts on offspring performance and survivability.

Review: Physiology and nutrition of late gestating and transition sows.

The physiology during late gestation and the transition period to lactation changes dramatically in the sow, especially during the latter period. Understanding the physiological processes and how they change dynamically as the sow approaches farrowing, nest building, giving birth to piglets, and producing colostrum is important because these processes greatly affect sow productivity. Glucose originating from assimilated starch accounts for the majority of dietary energy, and around farrowing, various organs and peripheral tissues compete for plasma glucose, which may become depleted. Indeed, physical activity increases shortly prior to farrowing, leading to glucose use by muscles. Approximately ½ to 1 d later, glucose is also needed for uterine contractions to expel the piglets and for the mammary gland to produce lactose and fat for colostrum. At farrowing, the sow appears to prioritize glucose to the mammary gland above the uterus, whereby insufficient dietary energy may compromise the farrowing process. At this time, energy metabolism in the uterus shifts dramatically from relying mainly on the oxidation of glucogenic energy substrates (primarily glucose) to ketogenic energy supplied from triglycerides. The rapid growth of mammary tissue occurs in the last third of gestation, and it accelerates as the sow approaches farrowing. In the last 1 to 2 wk prepartum, some fat may be produced in the mammary glands and stored to be secreted in either colostrum or transient milk. During the first 6 h after the onset of farrowing, the uptake of glucose and lactate by the mammary glands roughly doubles. Lactate is supplying approximately 15% of the glucogenic carbon taken up by the mammary glands and originates from the strong uterine contractions. Thereafter, the mammary uptake of glucose and lactate declines, which suggests that the amount of colostrum secreted starts to decrease at that time. Optimal nutrition of sows during late gestation and the transition period should focus on mammary development, farrowing performance, and colostrum production. The birth weight of piglets seems to be only slightly responsive to maternal nutrition in gilts; on the other hand, sows will counterbalance insufficient feed or nutrient intake by increasing mobilization of their body reserves. Ensuring sufficient energy to sows around farrowing is crucial and may be achieved via adequate feed supply, at least three daily meals, high dietary fiber content, and extra supplementation of energy.

Produksi dan Kualitas Kolostrum dan Susu Kolostrum pada Sapi Perah yang Mengkonsumsi Daun Katuk Depolarisasi

This study aims to determine the effect of additional feed with depolarizing katuk leaves on the production and quality of colostrum and colostrum milk in Friesian Holstein dairy cows. There were 21 dairy cows that had just giving birth, divided into 3 groups of 7 each, namely the control group (complete feed), BKD (complete feed added with Depolarizing Katuk Powder), PKD (complete feed added with Depolarizing Katuk Pellet). Depolarizing katuk feed was given 100 grams per head per day as a feed additive. Parameters observed were feed consumption, production and quality of colostrum and colostrum milk. The results showed that there was no difference in the consumption of feed supplemented with depolarizing katuk leaves, colostrum production, milk density, total solid colostrum, Solid non-fat, lactose contents, and protein contents of colostrum and colostrum milk compared to the control group. Significant differences occurred in colostrum milk production, total solid colostrum milk, and fat content of colostrum and colostrum milk. It was concluded that depolarizing katuk leaves could be used as additional feed to increase the production and total solids of colostrum milk, and increase the fat content of colostrum and colostrum milk.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: colostrum, colostrum milk, depolarizing katuk leaf, Friesian Holstein

POSITION AND ATTACHMENT MODEL OF EXPENDITURE COLOSTRUM AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION USING THE TRIANGULAR OF LOVE THEORY APPROACH

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the natural process of becoming a mother. However, not all mothers can breastfeed with the correct breastfeeding technique, causing problems in breastfeeding and affecting milk production. Methods: This study analyzes the model of colostrum and breast milk production using the Triangle of love theory approach. The research design was a descriptive, explanatory survey. The sample was 95 breastfeeding mothers using the multistage random sampling technique. The sample criteria were mothers breastfeeding infants aged 0-6 months with spontaneous delivery in two public health centers in Sidoarjo regency. Data analysis using structural equation test-partial least square (PLS). Result: The results showed that there was an effect of health workers on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 1.423), there was a lifestyle effect on position and attachment (T = 1.475), and there was an effect of position and attachment on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 2.142). Conclusion: The position and attachment of breastfeeding using the Triangle of love theory approach can help increase colostrum and milk production of nursing mothers. Keywords: attachment, breastfeeding position, triangle of love

THE RECEPTION ANALYSIS OF BREAST-FEEDING MOTHERS TOWARDS INSTAGRAM FEEDS OF @OLEVELOVE ACCOUNT

Breastfeeding for working moms have been importantly done inasmuch as it results in the fulfillment of infants’ rights in getting the optimal health. Moreover, through the Government Regulation No. 33 year 2012 on Exclusive Breastfeeding, it is noted that the activity is advised to be supported by the surroundings, such as in the family, neighborhood, workplaces, and public places. There has to be an awareness-raising in encouraging all people to support the new moms while breastfeeding their infants. This research aims at investigating the reception of working moms on the feeds made by @olevelove account. The research used the qualitative approach which took reception analysis method by Stuart Hall. Moreover, the reception analysis was conducted through the in-depth interviews towards three selected Instagram feeds. There were seven informants selected with the criteria of millennial working moms, having a baby or babies, and experiencing the postpartum issues of colostrum production, baby blues syndrome, and breast-pumping at workplaces. The result shows that there is an emancipatory aspect produced by the account since it gives informative tips for the new mothers on exclusive breastfeeding. In fact, most informants stand at the dominant-hegemonic position to agree to the selected three contents from the account.

The Impact of Dietary Berberine Supplementation during the Transition Period on Blood Parameters, Antioxidant Indicators and Fatty Acids Profile in Colostrum and Milk of Dairy Goats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of berberine (BBR) supplementation on productivity, antioxidant markers, and the fatty acid (FA) profile in the colostrum and milk of goats. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/d (per goat) of BBR in control (CON), BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4 groups (n = 6 per group), respectively, from 21 days before expected kidding to 21 days after parturition. Blood sampling was carried out at −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to delivery. Colostrum was collected within the first and second milking (d 1 of lactation), and milk was harvested weekly after kidding. Both BBR2 and BBR4 increased dry matter intake (DMI) (p ≤ 0.05) and energy balance (EB) as well as colostrum and milk production. Both BBR2 and BBR4 decreased (p ≤ 0.05) plasma levels of cholesterol, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin, while elevating the plasma albumin and paraoxonase (p ≤ 0.05), which may indicate that BBR mitigates inflammation during the transition period. BBR reduced (p ≤ 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased (p ≤ 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in blood, colostrum, and milk. Concentrations of de novo fatty acid in colostrum and milk were increased (p ≤ 0.05) with both BBR2 and BBR4. Free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in colostrum and milk fat were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in BBR2 and BBR4 compared to CON. The concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in colostrum and milk fat increased (p ≤ 0.05) with BBR2 and BBR4, while unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in milk. In summary, supplementation with at least 2 g/d BBR may enhance the EB and antioxidant status of dairy goats.

Production of Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption to Improve Health.

Colostrum contains all essential nutrients for the neonate during the first days of life, with impacts that continue far beyond these first days. Bovine colostrum has been used for human consumption due to the high concentrations of bioactive proteins, vitamins, minerals, growth factors, as well as free and conjugated oligosaccharides. Processes involved in the preparation of bovine colostrum for human consumption play a pivotal role in preserving and maintaining the activity of the bioactive molecules. As bovine colostrum is a multifunctional food that offers a myriad of benefits for human health, assessing the main processes used in preparing it with both advantages and disadvantages is a crucial point to discuss. We discuss major processes effects for colostrum production on the nutritional value, some advanced technologies to preserve processed bovine colostrum and the end-product forms consumed by humans whether as dairy products or dietary supplements.

Cow-level factors associated with colostrum yield and quality of Holstein dairy cows

Context Colostrum feeding and hence transfer of sufficient immunoglobulin G (IgG) is vital for protecting against disease in the neonatal calf. A wide range of variations exists in colostrum yield, IgG concentration and many factors that affect colostrum quality. Aims The current study aimed to determine the cow-level factors associated with colostrum yield, IgG concentration, and somatic cell score (SCS) in dairy cows. Methods Colostrum weight from 152 Holstein dairy cows from a commercial dairy herd was recorded, and SCS and IgG concentration were analysed. Cow-level factors were obtained from the on-farm computer software. The mixed linear model (PROC MIXED) was used to analyse the colostrum quality and production. Key results A calving body condition score (BCS) of &lt;3 was associated with higher colostrum production and a lower colostrum IgG concentration. Furthermore, cows that lost their BCS during the dry period (DP) produced less colostrum IgG concentration than did cows that maintained or gained BCS. Cows with BCS of &gt;3.5 at dry-off and calving had greater colostrum SCS. Cows that gained or lost BCS during the DP had the greatest and lowest colostrum SCS. Moreover, colostrum yield was highest in second-lactation cows, and cows with &lt;45 day DP length (DPL) produced more colostrum with a higher IgG concentration. Higher-parity cows produced higher IgG-concentration colostrum. Colostrum SCS increased with increasing parity, and cows with &gt;75 day DPL had the greatest SCS. Cows with &gt;12 500 kg energy-corrected milk in previous lactation produced colostrum with the greatest IgG concentration and lowest SCS. Also, colostrum production was greater in singleton cows than in twinning cows, while colostrum SCS was lower. Moreover, cows that experienced clinical mastitis in the previous lactation had greater colostrum SCS than did cows without mastitis. Conclusions The results indicated that cow-level factors affect colostrum yield, quality, and SCS and highlighted the importance of routine colostrum testing. Finally, these results may help producers and advisers make decisions to improve colostrum production and quality. Implications Future research should focus on the effect of BCS change during the DP on colostrum yield and quality.

Effect of vitamin K3 supplementation on immunoglobulin G concentration in colostrum of periparturient Holstein dairy cows.

This study was to examine the effects of dietary vitamin K (VK) 3 supplementation on immune-related substances in milk, oxidative stress indices in plasma and VK1, and menaquinone 4 (MK-4) in plasma and milk in periparturient dairy cows. Forty healthy perinatal Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in this study. Twenty-one animals were randomly selected and categorized into the VK3 supplemented (50 mg/day/head as VK3) group; the remaining 19 were categorized into the control group. On day 3 after calving, blood and milk were sampled, and their chemical components were determined. The VK3 supplemented group had significantly higher menaquinone 4 levels in plasma and milk on day 3 postpartum than the control group. In addition, there was a significant increase in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in milk. VK3 may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to MK-4, the biologically active form of VK, in the mammary gland and other tissues. It was thought that the increase in MK-4 level in plasma and milk induced an increase in the concentration of IgG in milk. VK3 supplementation to periparturient dairy cows may contribute to the production of colostrum with high concentrations of IgG and MK-4.