Abstract
Colostrum contains all essential nutrients for the neonate during the first days of life, with impacts that continue far beyond these first days. Bovine colostrum has been used for human consumption due to the high concentrations of bioactive proteins, vitamins, minerals, growth factors, as well as free and conjugated oligosaccharides. Processes involved in the preparation of bovine colostrum for human consumption play a pivotal role in preserving and maintaining the activity of the bioactive molecules. As bovine colostrum is a multifunctional food that offers a myriad of benefits for human health, assessing the main processes used in preparing it with both advantages and disadvantages is a crucial point to discuss. We discuss major processes effects for colostrum production on the nutritional value, some advanced technologies to preserve processed bovine colostrum and the end-product forms consumed by humans whether as dairy products or dietary supplements.
Highlights
Colostrum is the first fluid secreted by mammals for the first few days after parturition (Marnila and Korhonen, 2002; Stelwagen et al, 2009; Godhia and Patel, 2013)
There were no significant differences in viscosity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations between unpasteurized colostrum samples (73.4 ± 26.5 mg/ml) and pasteurized colostrum samples (74.5 ± 24.3 mg/ml) after colostrum samples were heated to 60°C in a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) for 120 min
The 30 and 25% fall in IgG and IgA, respectively, were noted in colostrum concentrate after pasteurization and freeze-drying processes compared to untreated colostrum
Summary
Colostrum is the first fluid secreted by mammals for the first few days after parturition (Marnila and Korhonen, 2002; Stelwagen et al, 2009; Godhia and Patel, 2013) This food provides the initial supply of vital nutrients for neonates and plays a crucial part in the nutrition, protection, development, and immunological defense of the newborn (Rasmussen et al, 2016; Juhl et al, 2018). Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption bovine colostrum comprises only 0.5% of a bovine’s milk output in a year, but this is far more than the calf’s requirements (Oyeniyi and Hunter, 1978; Scammell, 2001) For this reason, excess colostrum has a high potential for use in various industrialscale applications (Alexieva et al, 2011)
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