Production Of Agricultural Raw Materials Research Articles

Legal problems of the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food

The article analyzes modern legal problems of the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food in Ukraine, taking into account the latest legislative changes in the field of baby food production, organic agricultural production, state control over the use of genetically modified organisms in the manufacture of food products.
 It has been established that the improvement of the legislation in the field of child nutrition should be carried out by making amendments and additions to the Law of Ukraine «On Child Nutrition» in order to bring its prescriptions into line with EU requirements, and not to cancel the specified special Law. Given the specifics of baby food and the importance of guaranteeing its quality and safety, replacing a separate special law with one article in the Law of Ukraine «On Basic Principles and Requirements for the Safety and Quality of Food Products» is hardly expedient.
 Taking into account the specific legal nature of a personal peasant economy, the author proves that persons who run such an economy can produce raw materials for baby food products, subject to compliance with legal requirements for the quality and safety of such raw materials. Based on the latest legislative changes in the field of legal provision of biosafety of Ukraine, the article proposes to legislate the possibility and necessity of using organic agricultural products as raw materials for baby food before creating an effective system of state control in the field of use and circulation of genetically modified organisms.
 In order to ensure the constitutional right of the child to sufficient, high-quality and safe nutrition, the author considers it expedient to conduct in-depth scientific research on these issues and make appropriate scientific conclusions and recommendations on improving the current legislation in this area, taking into account the requirements of EU legislation on the adaptation of the national agricultural, food, environmental and other legislation regarding the production of agricultural products for baby food.

Анализ состояния и развития экономической эффективности переработки сельхозпродукции в Кыргызской Республике в условиях стабилизации экономики

The article examines agriculture and the processing industry, including the path from the place of production of agricultural raw materials to the consumer of products. One of the basic conditions for overcoming the conse quences of the transformational downturn, implementing a strategy of structural reforms in the agro-industrial complex and improving problematic (financially difficult in terms of solvency) enterprises is the introduction of a new mechanism for the modernization of the agricultural sector, focused on acquiring a new quality reproduction structure - a radical renewal of the technical and technological system of production.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ В СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯХ

The theoretical principles of operational management of production processes in agricultural organizations are revealed in the article. The need to modernize the operational management of agricultural production processes is determined not only by the rapid growth of scientific and technical progress, but also by the need to increase the volume of production of agricultural raw materials and products to saturate the domestic agro-food market with them and expand exports. Operational management plays an extremely important role in the process of agricultural production. The essence of operational management of agricultural organizations is considered. Emphasis is placed on the functions of operational management (marketing, planning, organization, rationing, coordination, motivation, control). The impact of these functions on production processes is outlined. Operational management actually acts as a part of the general management system of the enterprise, aimed at the implementation of a set of assigned tasks, which are directly related to the control, accounting and implementation of works in relation to the planned indicators. The purpose of operational management of production processes is to constantly support the stable functioning of the production system in order to fully achieve the planned goals. In modern conditions, only an effective production process management system can ensure the successful functioning of an agricultural organization, which allows you to correctly respond to any changes in the external and internal environment and adjust your activities accordingly. The main elements of operational management of production processes in agricultural organizations are disclosed: formation and implementation of operational goals, organization of planning, organization of accounting, organization of control, organization of regulation, organization of analysis. Operational management of production processes is based on the interaction of all divisions and services of the agricultural organizations, its effectiveness is evaluated by the achieved production and economic results in comparison with costs.

Assessment of causes and consequences of food and agricultural raw material loss and opportunities for its reduction

The article summarizes and systematizes the causes and consequences of food loss and waste. The uncontrolled accumulation and inefficient management of loss and waste is a serious problem of food security in many countries. Moreover, the world annually loses or wastes about a third of food produced while natural resources are inefficiently used. A significant number of definitions and terms in the field of food loss and waste cause international inconsistency in management systems. So, systematization of terms and research methods for food loss and waste has been carried out. The review analyzes the stages of food supply chain, i.e. the production of agricultural raw materials, their collection, processing, transportation and consumption, where the largest loss and waste occur. Furthermore, environmental, social and other problems associated with the accumulation of loss and waste are considered. Prevention of food loss and waste has been shown to be a potential strategy to improve the balance of food supply and demand and is essential for improving food security while reducing environmental impact and providing economic benefits to various participants in the food supply chain. Separately, the actions taken by the Russian Federation in the field of waste management and reduction of food loss are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that the difficulties in solving these problems are associated with insufficient progress in legislation and low funding of relevant research projects. Possible approaches for simulation and optimization of actions to support specific strategies to reduce loss and waste are considered, taking into account the following factors: improving the management of various inventories; developing a clear strategy for planning and allocating resources; forming the supply chain based on variability (uncertainty) of customer demand and supply. Knowledge comparison and integration, as well as optimization of food supply chain management are essential for development of strategies and decisions about where and how to focus efforts to most effectively ensure the reduction of loss and waste at each stage of food supply chain. The main decisions and practices for FLW prevention and management have been systematized.

The role of joint stock companies in the structural change of Ukraine’s economy

Motivation: The corporate sector occupies a special place in the country’s economy and international economic relations. Large joint stock companies (JSCs) are the basis of the country’s economic potential, as they largely form the budgets of individual communities and the state, provide jobs, create networks of connections with small and medium-sized businesses, etc. The study of the relationship between the corporatization of enterprises and structural changes in the economy of Ukraine will allow to determine the socio-economic effect of the activities of JSCs.Aim: The research aimed to identify the socio-economic effect of the development of the corporate sector in the economy of Ukraine and justification of the expediency of government regulation of foreign economic activity of JSCs.Results: The study’s results show a capital accumulation and the dominance of JSCs in low-tech and raw-material sectors. The authors’ findings established that the corporatization process included the transformation of state assets into JSCs and the creation of new financial and industrial conglomerates, mainly in the mining industry and the production of agricultural raw materials. Comparison and generalization of statistical data are carried out as to the nature of foreign economic activities of JSCs. The study identifies a change in the distribution of commodity items towards increase in the share of agricultural raw materials and a tendency towards the reduction of technological chains. It is concluded about descending structural changes and reduction of the technological level of exports.

Продовольственный комплекс России в 2022 году: достигнутые результаты и задачи развития

Unprecedented external pressure and various kinds of sanctions imposed by the West against Russia increased risks for the Russian economy and reduced business investment activity for industrial modernization and the creation of modern infrastructure facilities. Thanks to a number of decisions taken by the state, including measures of state support, a good result was obtained in agricultural production, fisheries and processing industries. It is necessary to preserve the results achieved in the production of agricultural raw materials and the extraction of aquatic biological resources, to prevent a decrease in food production, to maintain price stability in the food market. Exports of raw materials and finished products, of course, need to be developed, but not to the detriment of the domestic food market. In modern conditions of confrontation with the West, it is extremely important to establish the production of domestic seed material of agricultural crops, expand the range of manufactured technological equipment, and put modern fishing vessels into operation in a timely manner. In order to stabilize prices, attract investments necessary to create a modern infrastructure for the storage and logistics of agricultural raw materials and food, the state should create certain preferences for business, as well as help improve access to markets for finished products of small businesses and local producers.

Economics of Biotechnological Processes in Sustainable Development

The growth of the world’s population and its concentration in large cities increases the pressure on ecosystems and infrastructure, which can be offset by the introduction of “smart” technologies in the urban environment. The increase in life expectancy generates demand for technologies, products, services that provide an active lifestyle, the growth of “age” employment (“silver economy”), high-tech healthcare and personalized medicine. The need to solve food problems stimulates the development of agro- and food biotechnologies, the introduction of new technologies for the industrial production of agricultural raw materials and food products. The consequences of the demographic transition, migration processes and social inequality increase the risks of new epidemics, the return of disappeared infections and, accordingly, the demand for quality and affordable medical services. Changing values, lifestyles, digitalization of society entail the transformation of consumption patterns (economy of sharing, greening, etc.). Under the influence of ICT and their convergence, globalization and digitalization will also cover the field of education, strengthening its interdisciplinary nature.

Digital platforms as a factor in strengthening national food security

Ensuring food security is one of the key areas in the management of economic security. Today, Russia's food security is sufficiently strengthened. However, a reasonable question arises about the promising directions of its development. The article explores the possibility of using digital platforms to improve the efficiency of national food security management. It is established that currently many countries of the world are betting on increasing the level of self-sufficiency in food as a fundamental condition for ensuring national food security. At the same time, the importance of criteria such as food quality and compliance of the domestic food market with the requirements of healthy nutrition is rapidly increasing. Using the example of the dairy market, it is shown that the Russian food market is quite stable and is characterized by the predominance of domestic production over imports in resources. There is an increase in exports. At the same time, there are no signs of active import substitution, the growth of domestic consumption lags behind the growth of production. To solve the current problems of food security, it is proposed to implement digital platforms in the agro-industrial complex at the stages of production of agricultural raw materials, its processing, consumption control and implementation of social policy to support the nutrition of socially vulnerable segments of the population. The use of digital platforms is aimed at improving the efficiency of national food security management.

REGIONAL DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND

The aim of the analysis was to determine changes in the level of spatial concentration of production in Poland in the years 1990-2020. The analysis includes output and commodity production, the production of basic agricultural raw materials, the livestock of cattle, cows, pigs, hens and animals converted to LU, and changes in the level of yield and milk yield of cows. The study used data from the Central Statistical Office and the Local Data Bank. In order to limit short-term variability, especially in crop production, five-year averages for the beginning and end of the period were used in most of the analyses. The analysis was carried out for the currently binding administrative division including 16 voivodships. The research has shown large changes in the spatial distribution of agricultural production in Poland. First of all, the Wielkopolskie Voivodship gained in the production of agricultural raw materials, as it increased its share in the majority of plant and animal agricultural products, the Mazowieckie Voivodship, which specialized in animal production (except pork), and the Podlaskie Voivodship, with the production of milk and beef livestock, developed above average. On the other hand, the importance of voivodeships from South-Eastern Poland decreased, as animal production was marginalised, and plant production declined as a result of the greater exclusion of land from agricultural production and a higher decline in crop yield. In the case of the provinces of Western Poland, there was also a significant reduction in the livestock production, but the importance of that region in crop production increased, mainly due to a higher-than-average increase in crop yield in Poland.

Africa's food security: Malnutrition and obesity

Food security in Africa is characterized by pronounced regional aspects, with the largest number of hungry people living in sub-Saharan Africa. The continent accounts for a third of all hungry people in the world, and this indicator demonstrates an upward trend in recent years. At the same time, a significant part of the population suffers from obesity. This alarming twofold nature of the food problem on the continent is rooted in poverty and a high degree of social stratification, insufficient economic growth, low productivity of agriculture and food industry, lack of investments in these sectors of economy, military and other conflicts, climate shocks, etc. The article explores the current trends of this problem at the international, continental and national levels. Attention is paid to the inclusiveness vector of food systems, taking into account the need to introduce advanced innovations, including digital ones, into agriculture and the food industry. Special attention is focused on the tracks of food systems transformation according to the official representatives of African countries at the UN Summit held in September 2021. The need to attract investments in sectors of the economy, not only involved in food production, but also capable of providing employment to eradicate the extreme poverty and, as a consequence, malnutrition is emphasized. The desire of a number of African states to reflect in their national programs intention to increase the production of agricultural raw materials and food, and to develop intra-African and global cooperation to enhance the resilience to climate change is positively assessed. Such intentions are in line with global concepts of transforming food systems to eradicate hunger.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ В МАЛИХ ФОРМАХ АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the organization of investment activities in small forms of agricultural production in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the features of the national model of agricultural production is the dominance of small forms of Management in a number of sectoral areas, the status of which does not always allow farmers to even potentially receive investment funds. The classification of investment projects in the agricultural sector is proposed according to the following criteria: level of implementation, direction of implementation and duration of implementation. It is noted that each of these areas has its own specifics regarding implementation. There is a lack of a unified approach to determining small forms of familytype agricultural production. The technical and technological direction provides for the introduction of investment projects in order to increase the level of efficiency of resource potential in the production of agricultural raw materials, their further processing, storage and sale. The organizational and economic direction includes the implementation of measures aimed at improving the management system of economic processes on the scale of the business structure, as well as the formation of a system of mutually beneficial relations between various business entities. The social direction of investment projects implementation is not directly related to the production and economic activities of agricultural business entities, but the specifics of this industry direction, its integration into the system of relations between members of local communities make it necessary to study it. The following factors are identified that determine the nature of innovation activities and affect the level of efficiency of investment funds development: the level of marketability; internal non-economic factors; the general nature of the chosen strategy of economic activity, the available resource potential. The presented features of ensuring innovation activity in small forms of agricultural production, in turn, make it necessary to use specific methodological tools to assess the effectiveness of relevant measures. Separately, it should be noted the need to take into account the social component of the functioning of small agricultural formations.

WAYS TO INCREASE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FARMS IN RURAL AREAS

In the economic development of the country, the priority is to achieve a high standard of living of the people, which is largely due to food security, the degree of development of the production of agricultural raw materials and food products. It follows that the central element of the economic activity of the country as a whole and its regions is the effective development of agricultural production. The role of the agro-industrial complex as a multifunctional system should be considered from the economic, social, environmental and political perspectives. The subject of the study. Patterns of development of the agricultural market and the formation of new economic relationships of economic entities corresponding to the level of development of the market economy at the regional level. The purpose and objectives of the study. The need to critically assess the economic situation that has developed in the agricultural production of Kazakhstan, and to justify ways to improve its economic efficiency. The necessity of program-targeted regulation of the economy of agricultural production in Kazakhstan is justified: the main directions of effective development of agricultural production in Kazakhstan are identified; mechanisms for improving the efficiency of agricultural production are proposed; the main elements of socio-economic security are identified in order to improve the real economic and social situation of the rural population; measures are recommended to improve the effective use of agricultural land as the main means of production. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the further development of the methodology and applied aspects of the study of the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural production and the development of a major problem of increasing agricultural production, revealing significant reserves for the implementation of the Food Program.

Import substitution in Russia: current state and prospects

Import substitution is a process of gradual displacement of foreign goods in the domestic market by analogues of domestic production. In Russia, the need to accelerate the development of national production of agricultural raw materials and food products has been discussed since the beginning of the second decade of this century, since the increasing share of foreign goods in the national consumption of products on the domestic market has become a signal of a violation of the country’s food security indicators. The State authorities made the appropriate necessary decisions, which were implemented. This issue became particularly relevant after 2014, when Russia suddenly faced sanctions against it from the United States and its NATO allies. This led to the adoption of the counter-embargo, stimulated the development and implementation of additional eff orts to develop import substitution in our country. In a fairly short period of time, our country has achieved very signifi cant results in increasing its independence from imports, primarily in the food market, in particular in eliminating the shortage of meat and dairy products. The domestic market has become fully secured due to the national production of poultry, pork, many types of vegetables, and confectionery. The national production of beef and dairy products has expanded. This made it possible to signifi cantly reduce the import supply of such goods. The authors consider and analyze the current trends and features of this process. For a number of food products, Russia has become a major exporter on the world market, capturing major positions in the world market of wheat, sunflower oil, fats, a number of other food products, as well as fertilizers. The demand for Russian food products on a large scale is presented by China, the countries of the Middle East, and North Africa. Nevertheless, there are still unresolved problems in the country, which the authors point out. In particular, it is necessary to make eff orts to reduce import supplies of seeds, seedlings, breeding cattle, highly specialized agricultural machines, food equipment, to expand the development or purchase of technologies for processing agricultural products, the production of food additives and other imported components for the processing industry. Of course, there will remain some types of tropical agriculture, which the country will continue to import, since it is impractical to develop their production in Russia for climatic reasons.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL MECHANISMS TO GUARANTEE THE RUSSIA’S FOOD INDEPENDENCE: PRC EXPERIENCE (HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME)

The article reveals the problems of ensuring food independence of Russia, studies a wide range of social, demographic, environmental and economic factors that are influenced by food security, which is central to the national security system. The experience of the People’s Republic of China in ensuring food security has been studied. It is revealed that the violation of safety in the production cycle of food products and raw materials in some countries in the context of globalization affects consumers in other countries. The main factors of globalization of the food products and services market are revealed. The animal husbandry industry has been studied (since 1915), it is shown that the animal husbandry industry is the locomotive of the development of the agricultural industry. It was recommended to increase the production of agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs, at the same time to integrate into the world food market from the standpoint of food exporters.

Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the peak of the pandemic

When studying the topic, the author analyzes the implementation of reforms and their impact on the development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Special attention is paid to the pandemic crisis that has affected all spheres of the economy and the life of the population. The importance of the actions taken by the state in relation to the improvement of the agricultural sector, not only through the production of agricultural raw materials, but also in other ways, is revealed. One of these ways is the production of products that can compete on the world market, the production of semi-finished products, and others. Methods of analysis, synthesis, grouping, observation, and deduction were used in the study of the material. Using these methods, the authors were able to come to a better conclusion, and make suitable conclusions and suggestions. In conclusion, the ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, through the introduction of resource-saving technologies, innovative technologies, and especially the removal of state attention to the agricultural sector, are revealed. The article also focuses on the state of agriculture during and after the pandemic, and compares it with other countries of the world. The authors made proposals that are most suitable for the development of agriculture, ensuring food security and independence of the population.

Синергетический подход к созданию технологий АПК будущего

Introduction. The present research featured some aspects of developing advanced technologies for the future agro-industrial sector of Russia. The paper focuses on a synergistic approach to new complex self-organizing technological systems in food industry. The research objective was to set up scientific foundations for the agro-industrial complex, industrial production of agricultural raw materials of plant and animal origin, and their industrial processing into food. Results and its discussion. The research touched upon the following issues: the conditions for an innovative technological breakthrough into the future of the agro-industrial complex; a dialectic model of technological development; a new industrialization of the agro-industrial complex; the possible economic effect of end-to-end agrifood technologies; the shift from the 4th to the 5th, and eventually to the 6th, techno-economic paradigm in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article gives a detailed description of the dialectical method, which complicates each technology while simplifying the functioning processes as a whole. Conclusion. Hi-tech development in all branches of Russian agro-industrial complex will make it possible to enter the 6th technoeconomic paradigm and secure domestic food industry in terms of quantity and quality. The article describes prospects of the advanced development of agro-industrial technologies. In addition, it introduces a roadmap for agroscience development: new research should be based on scientific forecasts for the latter half of the XXI century.

МІСЦЕ УКРАЇНИ НА СВІТОВОМУ РИНКУ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Restoration of livestock industries is important both for the functioning of the national food market and for improving Ukraine’s position in the global agri-food market. Because products of animal origin, in contrast to products of plant origin, can be sold on the foreign market only in processed form. That is, it by definition has a relatively higher share of value added, and therefore it is more profitable to trade. First of all, this applies to dairy products. After all, if for export of meat products primary processing for its sale in the form of carcasses for half-carcasses is enough, then for sale for export of dairy products there should be a full technological cycle – from production of agricultural raw materials to production of industrial semi-finished products (milk powder, whey, casein). etc.) and ready-to-eat products (pasteurized milk, fermented milk products, whole milk products, etc.). Thus, such products have a relatively high share of value added, and therefore provides the best price. Therefore, stopping the decline in the domestic dairy subcomplex, increasing production that meets international safety and quality standards, and expanding the presence of Ukrainian dairy products on the world market is an important management task, the solution of which, among other things, requires in-depth scientific study. The purpose of this article is research of the state of dairy production in Ukraine and determination of its place on the world market in the conditions of openness of the national economy. The article examines the state of domestic milk production and processing, and the dynamics of dairy exports. The ongoing decline in dairy production is indicated, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the quality of livestock raw materials. There is a reasonable assumption that the main reasons for the decline in industrial dairy production and the reduction of Ukraine’s share in the relevant world market are: reduction of raw milk production, loss of markets of the Customs Union, problems with entering the EU market due to predominant non-compliance with domestic safety standards and quality. Ukraine reduced its share in the world dairy market: in the butter segment from 7.32% (1992) to 2.08% (2019), in the cheese segment from 5.73% (2005) to 0.23% (2019), in the segment of skimmed milk powder from 1.03% (2005) to 0.17% (2019), in the segment of skimmed milk powder from 5.23% (1995) to 0.84%), in the segment of dry whey from 1.72% (2011) to 1.62% (2019). According to the OECD-FAO forecast, the negative trend will continue at least until 2029. The main reasons for the reduction of the share of Ukrainian dairy producers in the world market were the reduction of milk production, loss of markets in the Customs Union and problems with entering the EU market due to the predominant non-compliance of domestic livestock products with international safety and quality standards.

State policy on the use of former arable land and budget funding of agriculture

This paper contains three scenarios for expansion the production of agricultural raw materials and food in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the Non-Chernozem region, where the country has the largest amount of land not used for agricultural production anymore. In order to determine the influence of state support on the efficiency of resource use, including land, a comprehensive indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of state subsidies is introducing in the regions of Russia. The subjects of the Russian Federation were calculated and classified by the efficiency of the use of subsidies. The hypothesis of the reasons for different levels of use of subsidies in the regions is presented in the article. The identification of these reasons makes it possible to substantiate wise management decisions, and adjust agricultural policy and target programs for the development of agricultural production and rural areas.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX IN THE KALUGA REGION

The agro-industrial complex plays one of the most important roles in the region’s economy and its development, including a large number of industries that are closely related to each other. Being aimed at the production of agricultural raw materials, their processing and distribution of the finished product, it is the main source of food for population, thus becoming one of the factors on which the quality and standard of living in the region depends. The degree of food security of a country also depends on the effectiveness of agriculture and related industries. Development of the agricultural sector requires substantial modernization of economy, which largely depends on the investment attractiveness and investment potential of the industry, which is dynamically changing depending on the market conditions and the socio-economic situation in the region. In these conditions, the assessment of the development of agroindustrial complex in the Kaluga Region and its investment potential as one of the fundamental industries in the region is of particular relevance. The article explores the investment potential of agro-industrial complex in the Kaluga Region using various methods: by analyzing socio-economic characteristics of the region, conducting a SWOT analysis and assessing investment potential using a simplified method based on the determination of key indicators within the production, financial, investment and export components of the potential . The results of the SWOT analysis show that the main strengths of the industry are its high innovative potential, investment climate and the availability of government support programs. Assessment of investment potential confirms the high level of development of the complex.

Trends in the development of agriculture in the years after the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1991-2009)

This article presents problems associated with the development of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period of independence to the present day. Agriculture is one of the important sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan. The problem of food is a global problem. In many developed countries, there is considerable support for agriculture. The development of agricultural production sectors demonstrates the level of evolution and spread of new technologies, the level of the food supply of the countries. The Republic of Kazakhstan is in a number of countries leading in the production of agricultural raw materials because it is located on the territory where can be engaged in extensive agriculture. First, it is one of the factors determining the strategy of the socio-economic development of the country. Secondly, it has a great impact on the food security of the country. It is known that the agriculture of Kazakhstan in 1991-2009 had undergone significant changes due to the transition to new economic conditions. Specifically, the new economic situations have had a strong impact on livestock and crop production. In connection with the extensive privatization carried out in the Republic, many production facilities and enterprises were transferred to private ownership. In this article, there are presented the initial conditions for the development of animal husbandry and identified changes in this industry in the new economic conditions in the period from 1991 to 2010. The study has revealed that the changes occurred within three periods. Period of transition to new economic conditions (the first period – 1991), privatization of industries and production (the second period – 1995-1996), the privatization of the remaining state agricultural enterprises (the third period – 1998).