World Production Research Articles

Allergy to aquatic biological resources as food

The review reveals the problem of allergies to fish and other highly allergenic foods. First of all, the products obtained from aquatic organisms are considered. The world production of fish of various species is discussed with the presentation of FAO statistics for recent years in this article. The role of aquaculture in the production of fish, shellfish and crustaceans is considered. In particular, the trends of fishing in the Black Sea and the growth of aquaculture production in Russia are analyzed. Generalized data indicate an increase in the importance of aquatic biological resources (ABR) in a balanced human diet. The study demonstrates the role of parvalbumin in the mechanism of development of allergies to products from ABR. Examples of other allergenic proteins that contain epitopes that trigger allergic reactions in the human body are given. The mechanism of these reactions is briefly described. Attention is drawn to cross-allergic reactions. Anthropogenic factors that can exacerbate allergies to fish products are discussed. These are pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, detergent components, changes in chemical composition, and food storage conditions. Pseudoallergens with the ability to cause allergic reactions are also mentioned. Allergy symptoms can range from skin rashes and itching to respiratory problems and anaphylaxis. Treatment of fish allergy is similar to treatment for allergies to other foods. It includes the use of antihistamines, corticosteroids and sorbents. Heredity plays a major role in the development of allergic reactions. It is important to pay attention to the purity and quality of products, cooking methods, and also follow a diet. Due to the potentially higher cumulative toxicity of freshwater species, it is recommended that marine fish be preferred.

First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot of Potato Caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum strains in China.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a globally important staple crop, and China has contributed more than 20% of the world's production. In Guangdong Province, potato has become one of the most important winter crops, increased the farmer income. However, the potato were seriously affected by soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp. in the past decade. In February 2024, typical symptoms of potato soft rot were observed on the plants of cultivar "Daxiyang" in Enping City, Guangdong Province, where the disease incidences ranged 3%-5% in the investigated fields. The stems adjacent to the tubes showed typical inky black symptoms, and the plants appeared yellow. The interior of the tubes appeared water-soaked and had developed to overall decay, with an evident smell. Eleven symptomatic plants were collected and used to isolate the causal agents. Pieces of tube tissue (about 5×5 mm) were removed between the rot-symptomatic and non-symptomatic margins, and surface sterilized using 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% NaClO for 1 min. The pieces were rinsed in sterile water for three times, and then plated on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium agar for 36 h at 30°C. The produced colonies were selected for hypersensitive test on tobacco, and the colonies with a positive reaction were subcultured three times. Two representative strains, EP51-2 and EP51-3, were processed for gene sequencing, including house-keeping genes, danX, leuS, and recA (Portier et al. 2019). The gene sequences (GenBank accessions no. PP870934 to PP870939) of these two representative strains were matched with Pectobacterium aroidearum strain NCPPB 929 (CP166097.1) with identities ranging from 97.15 to 100% and the coverage of 100%. The sequences of three genes were concatenated and used for phylogenetic analyses, along with representative strains from 19 other Pectobacterium species. Phylogenetic analyses supported that EP51-2 and EP51-3 were grouped into P. aroidearum with the representative strains. Koch's postulates were applied to determine the pathogenicity of P. aroidearum strain EP51-2. According to the external inoculation method on potato stems (Czajkowski et al. 2010), each of six pots of healthy potato plants was inoculated at the basal stem with 100 µl of bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml), while six pots inoculated with LB served as controls. The plants were then kept at 30°C and maintained at 95% humidity. After 2 days, all six plants inoculated with the bacteria exhibited typical symptoms on the stems, which progressed to the collapse of the whole plant; the controls remained symptom-free during the observation. Single colonies reisolated from the symptomatic stem of the inoculated plants were confirmed using PCR and sequencing with recA primers as described above, and the causal agent was identified as P. aroidearum strains, fulfilling Koch's postulates. P. aroidearum has been reported on Chinese cabbage (Xie et al. 2018) and leaf mustard (Chu et al. 2024) in China, as well as on crops in the family Araceae, such as konjac (Wei et al. 2021), taro (Zhou et al. 2022), and Pinellia ternata (Du et al. 2024). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aroidearum causing potato soft rot in China. This pathogen has been prevalent in the taro fields in Guangdong Province and has caused severe losses. This report highlights an expansion of the host range for this pathogen. Attention should be focused on this newly emerging pathogen affecting potatoes, and immediate measures should be implemented to control its spread.

Studies on Genetic Variability and Heritability in Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa. L.) under Salinity

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world because more than half of the world's population depends on rice for their livelihood. By 2050, the world's rice productivity will need to double in order to keep up with population growth. Narrow genetic base in the released variety has made the improvement in plateaus. In order to go more than the yield barrier, the genetic base must be broadened. Heritability and genetic variability were measured in eighty-six rice genotypes in terms of yield and yield contributing traits under saline soils. Significant differences were found between the genotypes for all of the studied traits according to analysis of variance. High PCV and GCV were recorded for the traits viz., mortality percentage (%), total number of grains per panicle, number of un-filled grains per panicle, sterility percentage (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The traits showed a significant degree of genetic advancement together with high heritability were mortality percentage (%), 1000 grain weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Genetic advance over mean were high for mortality percentage (%), number of productive tillers/m2, total number of grains per panicle (g), number of un-filled grains per panicle (g), sterility percentage (%), 1000 grain weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). This study provides information about the variability and heritability measures which may supplement the breeding program to break the yield plateaus.

First report of Trichoderma roseum causing tea leaf rot in China.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is consumed worldwide for its numerous benefits and China lead the world production. In March 2023, leaf spots were observed on approximately 10% of tea plants in a 50-ha commercial tea plantation in Menghai (21°46'13"N, 100°30'6"E), Yunnan, China. Initial symptoms appeared as small spots, which progressively expanded and spread over the entire leaf surface. Subsequently, pale pink mold layers developed from the lesions (Fig. S1). To isolate the pathogen, small leaf pieces (3 × 3 mm) were cut from the margins of the lesions, sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 sec and 0.5% NaClO for another 30 sec, and rinsed three times with sterile water. The pieces were placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated in darkness at 28°C. A total of 15 fungal isolates with identical morphologies were collected. The colonies appeared pale pink with white mycelia initially then turned orange-pink at the center and light white at the edges. After 10-15 days, exhibiting a powdery texture and concentric rings with uniform edges. Conidia were found at the apex peduncle and were inverted pear-shaped or oval, either non-septate (15.3 ± 2 × 7.8 ± 1.8 μm in size, n = 60) or septate, with a slightly constricted spore base featuring papillary projecvtions (14.8 ± 1.5 × 7.4 ± 0.7 μm in size, n = 60). The morphology closely resembled Trichoderma roseum (Oh et al. 2014). To confirm the species, the strain CYB5 was selected for identification by sequencing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (White et al.1990). The ITS (GenBank accession OR889657) and LSU (PQ270526) gene sequences exhibited 98% similarity with the Trichoderma roseum sequence KP317992 from NCBI database. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 11 (Felsenstein 1981) based on the concatenated sequences (ITS and LSU) of the strain CYB5 and reference strains (Fig. S2). The analysis confirmed that CYB5 is T. roseum (Inácio et al. 2011). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached healthy tea leaves placed on wet filter paper in petri dishes. Micro-wounds were made on leaves using a sterilized needle, followed by inoculation with a 6-mm plug of CYB5. Control leaves were inoculates with fungus-free agar disks. The dishes were incubated at 25°C in the dark for 7 days. The leaves inoculated with CYB5 developed reddish brown to dark brown lesions around the inoculated sites, while control leaves remained asymptomatic. The fungus was reisolated from the lesion, and the isolates were morphologically identical to the original cultures. A second pathogenicity test was conducted on potted tea plants of the cultivar 'Yunkang No. 10.' Three plants scratched with a needle and three non-wounded plants were inoculated by spraying 20 ml of a spore suspension (105 spores/ml) of CYB5. Plants sprayed with sterile water served as controls. All plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 28°C, and 70% relative humidity. The lesions developed three days post-inoculation, and typical symptoms appeared after 10 days on spore-inoculated plants only. T. roseum was reisolated and reidentified based on the morphology and molecular analyses, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of T. roseum causing tea leaf rot in China.

Influence of drought and salt stress on almond nutrition

Increased drought and salinity is a threat to agriculture in arid and semiarid zone worldwide. Almond is nutritious, rich in minerals protein and fiber with increasing world demand and production. The objective was to determine the effect of drought and salinity stress on nutrient concentrations in almond trees. Almond is known as sensitive to salt stress compared to other trees. There are limited studies on almond nutrition uptake under salt and drought stress conditions. This study had three drought and four salinity levels, and combined applications for a total of 12 treatments each with three replications. Drought increased K, Mg, Ca, Na and Cl concentrations in leaves, yet, decreased B concentrations. Similarly under salinity, almond leaves increased in K, Mg and Ca concentrations (as well as in Na and Cl). This study showed that the nutrient uptake varies under drought and salt stress conditions. Mineral nutrition should be taken into consideration, fertilization needs to account for stress factors.

EXTRACTION AND CONCENTRATION OF RHENIUM FROM NITRATE-CONTAINING RHENIUM DESORBATE

Extraction technology plays a key role in the industrial production of rhenium, accounting for more than 70% of the world's production of this element. In aqueous and alkaline solutions, rhenium is present in the form of the anion ReO4 - , which necessitates the use of anion exchange extractants based on tertiary amines. Despite the widespread application and many years of research on rhenium extraction with amines, the obtained data remain contradictory. The extraction of rhenium from aqueous solutions by an amine extractant occurs through an anion exchange mechanism with the formation of the complex TAAHReO4. To increase the solubility of amine salts in the organic phase, high-molecular-weight aliphatic alcohols, such as decyl alcohol, are added, which act as modifiers of the organic phase without extracting rhenium themselves. The aim of this work is to investigate the extraction of rhenium with trialkylamine from a model solution that simulates the composition of nitrate desorbate obtained from the processing of uranium ores. Specifically, various factors affecting the extraction and reextraction of rhenium are studied to determine the optimal parameters of these processes. The study uses trialkylamine as the extractant and decyl alcohol as the modifying additive. The results of the study show that the optimal parameters for rhenium extraction are: an extractant concentration of TAA:DA:kerosene=40:5:55 (% by volume), an organic to aqueous phase ratio of V_org/aq = 1:5, an extraction time of 5 minutes, and a rhenium extraction rate of up to 75%. Similar results were obtained with an extractant concentration of TAA:DA:kerosene = 30:10:60 and an extraction time of 5 minutes, where the rhenium extraction rate was about 74%. The re-extraction of rhenium is most efficiently carried out using an ammonia solution with a concentration of 114 g/L NH3⋅H2O and a phase contact time of 10 minutes, with a re-extraction rate of 85.5%. Similar results were obtained with the addition of 174 g/L (NH4)2SO4, where the rhenium re-extraction rate was 82%.

Research progress in processing technology of rabbit meat

AbstractRabbit meat is tender, high in protein, low in fat and cholesterol, and offers several nutritional benefits. However, it has a stronger taste and can be challenging to cook. The global rabbit industry has been developing steadily, and China's total rabbit meat production has exceeded half of the world's total production in 2021. Along with the progress of the production process, the meat of the nutrition and taste at the same time, to improve smell also can get better control, solved the problems met in rabbit meat production. This article discusses the attributes of rabbit meat and outlines the deodorization, texture adjustment, and water retention techniques currently used in rabbit meat processing, aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for the advancement of rabbit meat processing technology.

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN VALUES BETWEEN TURKEY AND G7 COUNTRIES AND ITS REFLECTION IN DIGITAL MARKETING

The vast majority of the world's global wealth is found in the G7 countries. The growth of world trade can be seen in many areas from supply chain to production and marketing. The growth in the digital market and Turkey's geographical position as the world's investment and production center has also improved the supply chain. Turkey's importance has increased with the demand in the European continent and the development in digital marketing. Digital and e-commerce becoming effective due to digital life. As a result of the value of timely delivery of customer demands in marketing, logistics and digital marketing are starting to develop rapidly together. In this study, it is aimed to determine the econometric analysis of the supply chain, which has increased in importance in businesses, and its reflections on the digital marketing process in G7 countries and Turkey for the last five years. We will reach important data in our field with the comparison we will make. As a result of our analysis, it will be an important source of data for both businesses and academic studies in the future.

Жизненный цикл изделия: мониторинг процессов механической обработки и фильтрация виброакустических сигналов

Introduction. In modern manufacturing, the product life cycle comprises various stages, from conception to disposal. Among these stages, machining plays a significant role, as it directly influences the durability and functionality of the finished product. With increasing competition and the need to reduce production costs, optimizing machining processes has become a crucial task. Traditionally, conservative technological approaches have been used to ensure processing quality. However, this often leads to decreased productivity and higher costs. Modern monitoring and diagnostic techniques can significantly improve process control, particularly through tool condition monitoring. The subject. This paper discusses the stages of the product life cycle and emphasizes the importance of monitoring machining processes. It explores the potential of using vibroacoustic signals to continuously monitor equipment and product conditions. Special attention is paid to the use of vibroacoustic signals for diagnostics and quality control. Modern approaches to filtering these signals, including the use of the fast Fourier transform and various window functions, are analyzed in order to improve the accuracy of the analysis and identify potential defects. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for an online monitoring system that will monitor the condition of cutting tools based on the creation of a digital shadow using a vibroacoustic complex. The main tasks to be solved are to establish the ranges of applicability of frequency response of acoustic signals and optimal window functions, as well as to establish the relationship between the degree of wear on the cutting tool and the results of vibration diagnostics and surface roughness. The methods and technologies for filtering vibroacoustic signals and their application in real–world production settings are discussed. Special attention is given to the role of digital twins in integrating monitoring and filtering data, allowing for the creation of a virtual model of a product to predict its behavior and optimize processes throughout the life cycle. A comparison of various monitoring methods and technologies is conducted, as well as an analysis of practical examples of digital twin implementation in production processes and its impact on improved control. Results and discussion are presented, identifying current research and practical advancements, while also proposing existing challenges and promising areas for future research in the fields of monitoring, signal filtering, and the use of digital twins in mechanical manufacturing.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Yield Component Traits and Grain Yield of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Due to its high nutritional content and ability to supply a diet rich in protein, pulses hold a special place in Indian agriculture. In contrast to the world's production of cereals, pulses are grown seldom in low-fertile soils under conditions of moisture stress, which eventually hides their actual yield capability due to inadequate management approaches. The current study's objective is to estimate the genetic parameters of 13 yield attributing traits in 20 genotypes of urd bean to choose more yield-contributed characters in urd bean. Number of pods per plant revealed high estimates of PCV, GCV and heritability. In the Metroglyph study, superimposition of genotypes was seen because to the near closeness of two variables used to display the genotypes. In this classification analysis made based on number of pods per plant and harvest index for all the 20 genotypes of urd bean form four complexes. Out of 20 genotypes, 4 genotypes like IC-331226, IC-261173, IC-385718, and IC-426495 were recorded highest index score and fell into different complex, hence used as parents for getting good combinations for future hybridization programmes.

The role of biodiversity and energy transition in shaping the next techno-economic era

Destructive extreme weather caused by climate change causes severe biodiversity loss, prompting us to accelerate the energy transition to net-zero emissions to achieve green sustainability goals. Thus, this paper aims to examine the relationship between biodiversity risks and the energy transition. We choose to use four indicators—carbon emissions (COE), the energy financial market (COE), climate policy uncertainty (CPU), and the world production industry (WPI)—to characterize the energy transition process and use newly constructed global biodiversity attention indicator (GBAI) to characterize biodiversity risks. We find a significant feedback relationship between the GBAI and the COE (CPU), which also confirms the close connection between climate and biodiversity. Second, we find a long-term feedback mechanism between the GBAI and COE (CPU\\WPI), but only the GBAI and the COE have a feedback mechanism in the short term. Finally, the impact of the GBAI on the COE (CPU) occurs over a short period, while the impact of the COE (WPI) on the GBAI occurs over multiple periods. Therefore, these detectable feedback relationships prompt us to adjust short- and long-term environmentally friendly policies related to climate and carbon emissions.

CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Enhancing Desirable Traits of Fish Species in Aquaculture.

Aquaculture, the world's fastest-growing food production sector, is critical for addressing food security concerns because of its potential to deliver high-quality, nutrient-rich supplies by 2050. This review assesses the effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in enhancing desirable traits in fish species, including growth rates, muscle quality, disease resistance, pigmentation, and more. It also focuses on the potential effectiveness of the technology in allowing precise and targeted modifications of fish DNA to improve desirable characteristics. Many studies have reported successful applications of CRISPR/Cas9, such as knocking out reproductive genes to control reproduction and sex determination, enhancing feed conversion efficiency, and reducing off-target effects. Additionally, this technology has contributed to environmental sustainability by reducing nitrogen-rich waste and improving the nutritional composition of fish. However, the acceptance of CRISPR/Cas9 modified fish by the public and consumers is hindered by concerns regarding public perception, potential ecological impacts, and regulatory frameworks. To gain public approval and consumer confidence, clear communication about the editing process, as well as data on the safety and environmental considerations of genetically modified fish, are essential. This review paper discusses these challenges, provides possible solutions, and recommends future research on the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 into sustainable aquaculture practices, focusing on the responsible management of genetically modified fish to enable the creation of growth and disease-resistant strains. In conclusion, this review highlights the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in improving fish traits, while also considering the challenges and ethical considerations associated with sustainable and responsible practices in aquaculture.

Deep Learning-Based Disease Detection in Sugarcane Leaves: Evaluating EfficientNet Models

Sugarcane is a crucial agricultural crop, providing 75% of the world's sugar production. Like all plant species, any disease that affects sugarcane can significantly impact yield and planning. Traditional manual methods for diagnosing diseases in sugarcane leaves are slow, inefficient, and often lack accuracy. In this study, we present a deep learning-based approach for the robust detection of diseases in sugarcane leaves. Specifically, we trained and evaluated all models from the EfficientNetv1 and EfficientNetv2 architectures, which are among the most notable convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, using the publicly available Sugarcane Leaf Dataset. This dataset includes 11 disease classes and a total of 6748 images. Additionally, we compared these models with other popular CNN models. Our findings reveal that there is no direct correlation between model complexity, depth, and accuracy for the 11-class sugarcane dataset. Among the 13 models tested, EfficientNet-b6 and InceptionV4 achieved the highest accuracy rates of 93.39% and 93.10%, respectively. These results have a big impact on the ways managers can manage diseases and the agricultural processes of sugarcane production. A deep learning-based disease detection system facilitating the diagnostic process can, in turn, result in a more accurate and faster identification of diseases. That may enable farmers and agricultural managers to make timely and informed decisions, cutting down crop loss and enhancing the whole yield. These highlight the potential of deep learning in developing fast, accurate, and automatic disease diagnosis systems, which can significantly improve disease management and increase the yield of sugarcane.

Some aspects of consıderable models of oıl and gas ındustry development

The article examines some assumptions and problems of the world economic theory, it is pointed out that these assumptions are based on the characteristics of the economic structure in different parts of the world where the distribution of world production and the global exchange of goods, services and other results of human activity take place, of course the oil and gas industry is not left out in this matter shown. Moreover, taking into account the importance of its impact on world politics, it has been pointed out that the field is one of the most relevant objects of economic analysis today. The characteristic features of modern globalization are given in the article. In such a situation, it was suggested that since the real scale of the application of methods that increase oil production in Azerbaijan is not able to prevent the deterioration of the structure of reserves, it will not be possible to make a big positive change in the exploitation of extractable reserves. The article also discusses the application of econometric models in economic research on the oil and gas industry. As a means of research and prediction of natural processes, the mathematical modeling method has been shown to be very widespread in oil and gas extraction. The observations made were summarized and it was shown that there is a systematic progress in the dynamics of the world economic system in the conditions of modern globalization, the main characteristic features of modern globalization were classified and given by the author, the creation of optimal conditions for the operation of the oil and gas industry as a result of the administrative and fiscal regulation of the state in the conditions of globalization was noted, and also the oil and gas industry some aspects of the theoretical models of the future development of the field have been studied and shown, taking into account its specific characteristics and in the context of the natural decrease of the volume of production. In the article, it was determined that one of the most important issues is the correct determination of the oil and gas reserves of the field, its calculation by separate reserve categories. Experience shows that it is very important to calculate these resources in different ways, to analyze the indicators of field development in detail, and to compare them with real indicators in order to implement one or another project indicators. The basis of these methods is the determination of reserves and their role in the technical-economic justification of the options for field development. This gives special relevance to such issues in the oil and gas industry and considers their constant improvement in the conditions of the market economy appropriate. The developed article is dedicated to the study of such issues.

Fused deposition modeling of polyethylene (PE): Printability assessment for low-density polyethylene and polystyrene blends

There is a global emphasis on recycling and reuse of plastic waste. Despite constituting over one-third of the world's annual plastic production, only 10 % of polyethylene is recycled. This study explores the use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) to enable the recycling of industrial waste of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blended with expanded polystyrene (EPS). Two LDPE/EPS ratios (50/50 and 70/30) were investigated, and two types of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) rubber were incorporated as compatibilizers. The mechanical, rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of these blends were analyzed to assess their printability. Results indicate that the use of SEBS enhances the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and morphological uniformity of the blends. Particularly, malleated SEBS exhibited superior compatibilizing ability, fostering strong interactions at the LDPE/EPS interface. The best blend, based on printability assessments, was the 50/50 LDPE/EPS ratio with a 5 wt% malleated SEBS. Consequently, this blend was extruded into feedstock filaments, and it was successfully printed via FDM. The proposed blends are anticipated to perform effectively in various applications and serve as a foundation for future development of wear-resistant materials. The outcomes of this study present a novel approach for upcycling LDPE waste while promoting sustainable FDM practices.

Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth): Current Status, Disease Management Strategies, and Future Prospects.

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is one of the important grain legume crops cultivated in the semi-arid tropics, playing a crucial role in the economic well-being of subsistence farmers. India is the major producer of pigeonpea, accounting for over 75% of the world's production. Sterility mosaic disease (SMD), caused by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) and transmitted by the eriophyid mite (Aceria cajani), is a major constraint to pigeonpea cultivation in the Indian subcontinent, leading to potential yield losses of up to 100%. The recent characterization of another Emaravirus associated with SMD has further complicated the etiology of this challenging viral disease. This review focuses on critical areas, including the current status of the disease, transmission and host-range, rapid phenotyping techniques, as well as available disease management strategies. The review concludes with insights into the future prospects, offering an overview and direction for further research and management strategies.

ANTIBODIES AGAINST Leptospira spp. IN DAIRY CATTLE IN A FAMILY AGRICULTURE SYSTEM

Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil responsible for numerous reproductive and economic losses to the dairy industry. Brazil ranks fifth in the world's production of cow's milk and around 23 million cows are milked every day. The northwest region of the state of São Paulo has a considerable number of family farming settlements, with dairy farming being predominant. This article reports a seroepidemiological study to detect agglutinins against Leptospira spp. in 1,004 dairy cattle kept on 64 family farms producing milk in the northwest region of São Paulo. Management and environmental data for situation diagnosis were obtained with a questionnaire. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were investigated by the microscopic seroagglutination test (SAM) and milk and urine samples were obtained from seroreactive animals with titer ? 400. These samples were submitted to molecular tests. Of the 64 properties studied, 63 (98%) had seroreactive animals. Of the 1,004 animals, 523 (52%) were reactive. According to the molecular tests, the presence of Leptospira spp. in the urine and milk of the seroreactive animals was negative. Wetlands, presence of rodents, occurrence of abortion, presence of dogs, presence of cats and presence of horses were variables associated with the risk of infection by Leptospira spp. In addition to its importance in animal health, leptospirosis poses a risk to human health, a situation that indicates the need for improvement of sanitary conditions in rural properties.

Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production.

Heterosis is the phenomenon that the hybrid offspring outperform two-parent population. Hybridisation has been widely used in plant and animal production as it effectively improves the growth and developmental performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of the offspring. Hybridization can effectively improve the growth and development performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of offspring, so it is widely used in animal and plant production. Researchers have used cross-breeding techniques to cultivate excellent new agricultural and animal husbandry strains and supporting lines such as super-excellent Chaoyou 1000 hybrid rice, Xiaoyan No.6 hybrid wheat, Dumeng sheep, and Shanxia black pigs. However, there are still some urgent problems in the current hybrid dominance research: the existing hybrid dominance theory can only partially explain the phenomenon of plant and animal hybrid dominance, and the theory of animal hybrid dominance is less researched, and the accuracy of the existing hybrid dominance prediction methods is limited. China is the world's largest pork production and consumption country. Heterosis can effectively improve the production performance of pigs, and its application in the pig industry has important economic and research value. However, the existing research on pig hybrid production is in its infancy and needs to be further studied. In this review, we summarize the existing heterosis theory, heterosis prediction methods, and their application in pig production, to provide a reference for the application of heterosis in pig breeding.

“Architecture, construction system and functioning of the roman saltworks of O Areal (Vigo-Galicia-Spain). A reference in the investigation of salt production in the roman world”

These Roman saltworks are located in the city of Vigo, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and they were part of a large industrial complex, dedicated to the production of sauces and salted fish. To this day, they are the best-preserved solar evaporation marine saltworks evidences in the Roman world, making it possible to know the entire production cycleBased on ceramic contexts and C14 data, we have concluded a period of use around the 1st-3rd c. AD, which falls completely within what is known as the Warm Roman Period.The architecture of the salt complex is articulated through different types of ponds, of various dimensions and construction characteristics. They use different materials for their construction: stone, ceramics, silt, clay, wood or sand. Its characteristics and dimensions are in accordance with its function within the salt production cycle: decanters, evaporators and crystallizers. Other architectural elements complete the ensemble and help to understand its functioning in detail.Knowledge of the architecture, constructive techniques and morphology of these saltworks has made it possible to identify others even when excavated on small surfaces, thanks to the archaeological indicators that the study of these salt pans allows us to define.

Enchancing Sustainability: The Impact Of Green Accounting Using Green Restaurant Indicators

Indonesia currently ranks fourth in the world's food waste production, with food waste accounting for 41.2% of total waste. This study evaluates the impact of implementing green accounting on the environmental performance of restaurants. Green accounting considers environmental aspects in financial statements, including a business's environmental impact, use of natural resources, and mitigation efforts. It includes using environmentally friendly materials, efficient waste management, and renewable energy in restaurants. The research was conducted at AE Kitchen & Dessert Restaurant in Pontianak using qualitative data from observation, interviews with the restaurant owner and four customers, and documentation. This restaurant has implemented green accounting well, and many green restaurant indicators have been implemented. The results showed that green accounting is essential in the restaurant industry to effectively manage environmental costs, reduce negative impacts, support sustainability, increase efficiency, and improve long-term business reputation. This research confirms that adopting green accounting is an important strategic step for the restaurant industry to reduce environmental impacts and ensure the sustainability of ecologically responsible operations.