Production In Colombia Research Articles

Ecophysiology of drill-seeded rice under reduced nitrogen fertilizer and reduced irrigation during El Niño in Central Colombia

ABSTRACT Improvement of efficiencies of N fertilizer and irrigation water is needed for large-scale market-oriented rice cultivation without puddling practice as in American continents. Effects of reductions of N fertilizer and irrigation water on grain yield of drill-seeded rice on zero-leveled fields were quantified across five N levels (220, 180 [two sources with 5 or 3 splits], 140, and 0 kg N ha−1) and three irrigation strategies (irrigating every 3, 6, or 8 days; W1, W2, and W3, respectively) in dry and wet seasons during an El Niño event in Central Colombia. Reducing the N application rate from 180 kg N ha−1 to 140 kg N ha−1 (22% reduction) did not reduce yield in either season in spite of slightly reduced N uptake, owing to increased N use efficiency in all irrigation strategies. Three split of N fertilizer with slow release urea (180 kg N ha−1) and with basal organic amendment did not reduce yield compared with the conventional 5 split method. Yield in dry season reduced under the 2 water-saving strategies (W2, W3) almost proportionally to the reduced water supply (irrigation + rainfall) by flowering. In wet season, yield in mild water saving (W2, with 26% water saving) was similar to conventional irrigation management (W1), leading to its highest water productivity. Physiological parameters (e.g. stomatal conductance, total N uptake) were greater in wet season than in dry season. This study showed potential reduction of N fertilizer and conditions of climate for water-saving in drill-seeded rice production in Colombia.

Current overview of Hass avocado in Colombia. Challenges and opportunities: a review

ABSTRACT: Colombia is the fourth largest avocado producer globally and the third largest in terms of harvested area, with a 6% share of the world area. The development and promotion of this production line represents an important source of growth in agriculture for Colombia, due to the generation of rural employment, equitable development across the different regions of the country, and due to the diversity of thermal floors and the different varieties planted. Imports of this product have decreased by 96% in the last four years from 3128 tons in 2014 to 133 tons in 2017. In recent years, the projects developed in the Colombian avocado sector have been aimed at the foreign market due to the profitability and demand of the Hass variety of this fruit. In addition, there is a state effort to implement plans for regions free of quarantine pests that allow access to foreign markets. This constitutes a strategic proposal made up of a coherent set of objectives, strategies and programmes which, based on a vision of the future, seek the initial goal of doubling the area of production. That move would ensure the technological and innovative conditions for sustainable and quality production, as well as achieve full links in international markets. This review aimed to know the main developments of avocado production in Colombia, its challenges and opportunities for the next decade.

Pichia pastoris as a biological platform to produce recombinant proteins: relevance for development of biotechnological products in Colombia

The world market for compounds produced by biotechnological means is growing due to the search and implementation of cellular systems that allow the mass production of complex molecules with a specific biological activity. These range from drugs, to enzymes and proteins for diverse uses, such as academic research and the development of industrial processes. Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that has been studied in recent decades for the expression and generation of recombinant proteins, because it has features that make it especially efficient, not only to host external DNA, but also to express it and, thus, produce a wide variety of molecules. In this study, the most important aspects related to the production of recombinant proteins are examined, by using P. pastoris as a model, from the most common expression strategy, to the aspects related to the cultivation at bioreactor scale and, by yielding high-value products. Some papers conducted, in Colombia, are also reviewed, as well as their approach and the current state of the expression system in the country's biotechnology and its barriers, by concluding that studies with P. pastoris are scarce and are mainly developed around a few academic centers.

Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron in Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Poultry Farms in Santander - Colombia

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans by the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Salmonella causes around 93 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths worldwide. A high number of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates has been found from different segments of poultry production, and it is often associated with horizontal antibiotic resistance gene transfer through mobile elements such as plasmids, integrons, and transposons. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella has been associated with the misuse of antibiotics in animal production and it is classified as a highly important pathogen from public health due to its zoonotic character and its high dissemination ability. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance associated with plasmids, and class 1 and 2 integrons from Salmonella Heidelberg isolates from healthy chickens in poultry farms from Santander, Colombia. 15 Salmonella Heidelberg isolates obtained from cloacal samples, were evaluated through endpoint PCR to determine the presence of plasmid-encoded resistance genes, and class 1 and 2 integrons. The bla CMY2 , strA and strB, sul1 and sul2, and tetB genes were found in all 15 Salmonella Heidelberg. The class 1 integron was present in 11 out of 15 isolates, harbored the gene cassette dfra7.The results indicate the presence of a high number of antibiotic resistance genes associated with plasmids and class 1 integrons in Salmonella Heidelberg strains isolated from poultry farms, resulting in a public health concern, both in humans and poultry production in Colombia.

Denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ and dynamics of coffee growing in Colombia

The state of Huila in Colombia has a Geographical Indication –IG through the denomination of origin - DO ‘Café del Huila’. Although these protection strategies have been promoted, no concrete studies have been reported on aspects of their implementation in the coffee agribusiness. The main goal of this research was to study the coffee with the denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ from 2010 to the present, through economic and performance indicators, seeking to identify the main impacts in this sector of agriculture. The research was carried out in two stages: In stage I - an analysis of the area indicators and coffee production in Colombia and an analysis of the performance of coffee growing in the state of Huila related to; municipalities, producers, farms and area. In stage II - the characterization of the denomination of origin was carried out in accordance with the methodology proposed by FAO (2018) and analysis of its implementation. The coffee agribusiness in Colombia showed variable dynamics in the different regions of the country, with a tendency to decrease the planted area and variability of production. The state of Huila showed significant growth both in the area planted and in production, which place it as one of the main coffee producers in the country. However, this sector presents few indicators of impact on the implementation of the geographical indication through the appellation of origin. Key words: Intellectual property; Agribusiness; Distinctive characteristic; Coffee quality.

Fitosociología de malezas en plantaciones bananeras en el departamento del Magdalena, Colombia

Las malezas constituyen un factor limitante en la producción de banano en Colombia. Para contribuir a la fundamentación de su manejo, se propuso evaluar la estructura y diversidad de las comunidades de malezas en cuatro zonas productoras de banano (Alta, Media, Baja y Norte) en el departamento del Magdalena. Se realizaron levantamientos durante 2016 y 2017 mediante muestreo sistemático utilizando cuadrados de 1m2 en fincas seleccionadas en cada zona con método de control químico, cobertura y mecánico, y se calculó la frecuencia, densidad y dominancia de las malezas para estimar el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), la diversidad alfa y el índice de similitud de Bray-Curtis. Se identificaron 122 especies incluidas en 93 géneros y 39 familias. Poaceae y Cyperaceae presentaron mayor riqueza específica y Commelinaceae mayor IVI. Commelina erecta, Axonopus compressus y Melothria pendula fueron las especies de mayor importancia ecológica en las plantaciones. Los parámetros fitosociológicos difieren entre zonas y métodos de control. Las zonas con mayor y menor diversidad fueron Norte y Baja, respectivamente. Hubo mayor similitud entre las zonas Media y Baja, así como entre Media y Alta, en tanto, la Norte fue la más disímil. Pocas especies fueron muy abundantes y frecuentes, señalando la tendencia a baja diversidad. Los resultados más importantes permiten concluir que las condiciones agroecológicas de cada zona y el método de control empleado influyen en los parámetros fitosociológicos y diversidad de especies, determinando la composición y estructura de las comunidades de malezas asociadas al cultivo en el departamento del Magdalena.

Managing colombian farmers price risk exposure with electrical derivatives market

Food security is among the most pressing global concerns. It is principally threatened by the combination of rural migration and the pressure of climate change. In order to mitigate these effects, the need to promote stable conditions for small producers -who generate 80% of the world's food- has arose. In search to improve market conditions, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of cross-hedging between electrical derivatives market and spot agricultural products in Colombia. This hypothesis is proposed, as Colombia depends upon hydro-electricity, an electricity source which is heavily influenced by climatic conditions, particularly the “El Niño” southern oscillation (ENSO). The prices of agricultural products are thus volatile, and subject to this phenomenon. ENSO is presumed to be an important link between these two markets. To contrast the hypothesis, the most commonly- methods in cross-hedging literature were employed to estimate hedge ratios: OLS, Error Correction Models, and GARCH estimations. This last estimation was found to be the one with the best performance for hedge ratio estimation. Despite this, of 93 products analyzed, statistically significant relationships were found for only nine. Besides, it was found that cross-hedging contributes to a risk reduction of not more than 32%.

Water use efficiency in four irrigation regimes in bulb onion production in the Alto Chicamocha Irrigation District

The bulb onion is one of the most important agricultural products in Colombia. The productive conditions of the Riego del Alto Chicamocha (Boyaca) district are a regional and national benchmark for this market. The objective of this research was to evaluate four irrigation regimes in terms of production and irrigation water efficiency in bulb onion crops. This trial was in the municipality of Nobsa, village of Dicho (Boyaca). A completely randomized design with four treatments was used: irrigation regime with 150% evapotranspiration (Evt); moisture-based irrigation regime, detected with soil moisture sensors; irrigation regime with 100% Evt; irrigation regime with 60% Evt, along with four repetitions. Starting three weeks after transplant and for 11 weeks (77 days), the polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), root length (cm), leaf length (cm), SPAD units, stomatal conductance and irrigation water use efficiency were determined. The irrigation regime with 100% Evt had the best performance in terms of the polar and equatorial diameters and the root and leaf lengths, which were reflected in the fresh weight at harvest. The irrigation regime with soil moisture values obtained from remote sensors, with lower amounts of applied water, had better values for the transformation of water to fresh mass, with 13.64 kg mm-1.

Evaluation of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) sources and sinks and ozone production in Colombia and surrounding areas

Abstract. In Colombia, industrialization and a shift towards intensified agriculture have led to increased emissions of air pollutants. However, the baseline state of air quality in Colombia is relatively unknown. In this study we aim to assess the baseline state of air quality in Colombia with a focus on the spatial and temporal variability in emissions and atmospheric burden of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and evaluate surface NOx, ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios. We quantify the magnitude and spatial distribution of the four major NOx sources (lightning, anthropogenic activities, soil biogenic emissions and biomass burning) by integrating global NOx emission inventories into the mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model, namely Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) coupled with Chemistry (collectively WRF-Chem), at a similar resolution (∼25 km) to the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) anthropogenic emission inventory and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) remote sensing observations. The model indicates the largest contribution by lightning emissions (1258 Gg N yr−1), even after already significantly reducing the emissions, followed by anthropogenic (933 Gg N yr−1), soil biogenic (187 Gg N yr−1) and biomass burning emissions (104 Gg N yr−1). The comparison with OMI remote sensing observations indicated a mean bias of tropospheric NO2 columns over the whole domain (WRF-Chem minus OMI) of 0.02 (90 % CI: [−0.43, 0.70]) ×1015 molecules cm−2, which is <5 % of the mean column. However, the simulated NO2 columns are overestimated and underestimated in regions where lightning and biomass burning emissions dominate, respectively. WRF-Chem was unable to capture NOx and CO urban pollutant mixing ratios, neither in timing nor in magnitude. Yet, WRF-Chem was able to simulate the urban diurnal cycle of O3 satisfactorily but with a systematic overestimation of 10 parts per billion (ppb) due to the equally large underestimation of NO mixing ratios and, consequently, titration. This indicates that these city environments are in the NOx-saturated regime with frequent O3 titration. We conducted sensitivity experiments with an online meteorology–chemistry single-column model (SCM) to evaluate how WRF-Chem subgrid-scale-enhanced emissions could explain an improved representation of the observed O3, CO and NOx diurnal cycles. Interestingly, the SCM simulation, showing especially a shallower nocturnal inversion layer, results in a better representation of the observed diurnal cycle of urban pollutant mixing ratios without an enhancement in emissions. This stresses that, besides application of higher-resolution emission inventories and model experiments, the diurnal cycle in boundary layer dynamics (and advection) should be critically evaluated in models such as WRF-Chem to assess urban air quality. Overall, we present a concise method to quantify air quality in regions with limited surface measurements by integrating in situ and remote sensing observations. This study identifies four distinctly different source regions and shows their interannual and seasonal variability during the last 1.5 decades. It serves as a base to assess scenarios of future air quality in Colombia or similar regions with contrasting emission regimes, complex terrain and a limited air quality monitoring network.

Reducing deforestation through value chain interventions in countries emerging from conflict: The case of the Colombian cocoa sector

Sustainability commitments by private sector actors are emerging as interventions to help reduce global deforestation. Much attention is placed on the forest conservation impact of these interventions in areas where commodity production constitutes a main driver of deforestation. It is, however, less clearly understood what role they could play in areas where the production of commodities is not evidently leading to the loss of forest and how they could contribute to other objectives including sustainable rural development and peacebuilding. In this paper, we examine the potential of the cocoa sector in Colombia in achieving deforestation reduction and peacebuilding simultaneously, as aimed by the country's Cocoa, Forests and Peace Initiative. Results from correlations and spatially explicit analyses show that regardless of its widespread production across Colombia, in the past fifteen years cocoa has not been an important driver of deforestation. This suggests that efforts to end deforestation in the Colombian cocoa sector emerged following global trends, and not because of an evident link between cocoa production and deforestation. Furthermore, results from spatial clustering analyses highlight areas where different types of value chain interventions may be appropriate to parallel forest conservation and peacebuilding, while interviews with key actors in the cocoa sector provide clues as to how these interventions should be developed and implemented. Specifically, our results show that narratives around approaches to achieve zero deforestation from agricultural commodities should (1) be adjusted to local contexts, (2) incorporate location-specific development needs, (3) complement existing rural development efforts, (4) enhance collaboration among actors that operate both within and beyond the value chain, and (5) apply high-resolution data to assess deforestation-commodity relations and verify zero-deforestation commitments. These considerations are particularly relevant in contexts where commodity production is not evidently leading to deforestation, as in the case of cocoa production in Colombia.

Analysis of the microclimatic behavior of a greenhouse used to produce carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Abstract Carnation production in Colombia, the world’s main exporter, takes place entirely in naturally ventilated greenhouses. This type of structure presents non-homogeneous microclimate conditions which differentially affect crop growth and development, which is why this issue has been of great research interest in recent years. The objective was to determine the microclimatic behavior of a passive spatial-type greenhouse used in Colombia for carnation production. The experimental approach included the collection of meteorological data in the external environment through a weather station and in the inside of the greenhouse through a grid of 40 sensors uniformly distributed in a horizontal plane. Data processing to determine the spatial variability of temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is done by using geostatistical techniques and predicting these variables at unsampled points through the ordinary Kriging method. The main results obtained allowed us to determine that the conditions generated inside the greenhouse are not the optimal ones recommended for carnation production and that, in addition, the behavior of the variables studied shows a heterogeneous distribution, obtaining spatial variations in the horizontal profile evaluated for the night period of 0.5 °C, 9.1% and 1.5 kPa and for the daytime period of 7.2 °C, 42.6% and 1.5 kPa for temperature, humidity and VPD respectively.

Evaluation of microbial antagonists and essential oils in the control of Sclerotium cepivorum in garlic under controlled conditions

La pudrición blanca producida por <em>Sclerotium cepivorum</em> es la principal limitante del cultivo de ajo en Colombia, causando pérdidas superiores al 50%. La ausencia de semilla de calidad contribuye a su diseminación e infestación en áreas de siembra, siendo la principal estrategia de control la aplicación de fungicidas, por ende, es necesario integrar alternativas de manejo orientadas a su sostenibilidad. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar bajo condiciones controladas el potencial de control de <em>S. cepivorum</em> con antagonistas microbianos y aceites esenciales. Se determinó en PDA suplementado con cada aceite el efecto sobre el crecimiento del patógeno y para los antagonistas su capacidad para degradar esclerocios. Igualmente, en suelo infestado con esclerocios se determinó el efecto de las aplicaciones de los antagonistas y aceites seleccionados sobre la reducción de incidencia y mortalidad. Los resultados mostraron que la exposición al aceite de eucalipto (10000 ppm) y orégano (200; 250 ppm) inhibió en un 92% el crecimiento del patógeno; en tanto, que los antagonistas colonizaron más del 95% de los esclerocios, provocando su degradación. Mientras que en suelo infestado presentaron un control entre 30 al 70%, siendo <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> Th034 el que presentó la menor incidencia y mortalidad (21%).

Pastures, crops, and inequality: Questioning the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity in Colombia

The Colombian countryside has long been dominated by grass and inequality. Economic theory (i.e., the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity) holds that the monopolization of land by ranchers is irrational since farming is more productive than ranching and small farms often produce more per area than large ones. Traditional explanations for the predominance of grass and the country’s agrarian structure focus on extra-economic coercion and the status associated with owning land and cattle. By contrast, this study explores the relative profitability of ranching and the limitations of peasant agriculture, which generated contrasting capacities to accumulate. It thus suggests that land markets, and the productive advantages of cattle, offer an alternative explanation.

GRANADO (Punica granatum L.), UN CULTIVO CON POTENCIAL PRODUCTIVO: REVISIÓN Y SITUACIÓN EN COLOMBIA

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The worldwide market and consumption of pomegranate fruit (<em>Punica granatum</em> L.) has grown considerably, due to its nutraceutical properties, with a high antioxidant content, generating favorable effects for human health. In Colombia some semi-commercial crops are reported in the departments of Boyacá, Huila and Valle del Cauca. However, it is unknown about its productive behavior, management practices, physiology, development of the phenological stages and pomological characteristics of fruits of native genotypes. <strong>Objective.</strong> Conduct a review of the aspects related to the crop of pomegranate, analyze possible limitations for its production in Colombia and present information on the pomological characteristics of pomegranate plants grown in home gardens in two regions of Colombia. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Information was collected from documentary sources related to recommendations applicable to pomegranate cultivation in Colombia. A pomological characterization of fruits of native genotypes from two different agro-ecological zones of the national territory was made. <strong>Results.</strong> Native genotypes have similar pomological characteristics, but differ considerably from commercial genotypes, the latter being superior in accordance with market requirements for export. <strong>Implications.</strong> The low technical knowledge on the part of the farmers allows that there are deficiencies in the management of limitations of this crop. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The recommendations set forth, complemented with pomological characterization, generate knowledge that can be implemented by producers in Colombia. More research is required if the crop is to be projected as a promising economic alternative to the region.</p>

The GHG emissions and economic performance of the Colombian palm oil sector; current status and long-term perspectives

Increasing oil palm plantations, both for obtaining crude palm oil (CPO) and for the production of biobased products, have generated growing concern about the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the environment. Colombia has the potential to produce sustainable biobased products from oil palm. Nevertheless, national GHG emissions have not yet been reported by this sector. Achieving the collection of the total primary data from the oil palm sector, in Colombia, entails a tremendous challenge. Notwithstanding, for this study, the data collection of 70% of the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) was achieved. Therefore, current situation of CPO production in Colombia is analyzed, including 1) GHG emissions calculation, 2) net energy ratio (NER), and 3) economic performance. Moreover, the analysis includes two future scenarios, where the CPO production chain is optimized to reduce GHG emissions. Future scenario A produces biodiesel (BD), biogas, cogeneration, and compost; while future scenario B produces BD, biogas, cogeneration, and pellets. The methodology, for all the scenarios, includes life-cycle assessment and economic analysis evaluation. The results show a significant potential for improving the current palm oil production, including a 55% reduction in GHG emissions. The impact of land-use change must be mitigated to reduce GHG emissions. Therefore, a sustainable oil palm expansion should be in areas with low carbon stock or areas suitable/available to the crop (e.g., cropland, pastureland). Avoiding the deforestation of natural forests is required. Besides, crop yield should be increased to minimize the land use, using biomass to produce biobased products, and capture biogas to reduce methane emissions. In the biodiesel production life-cycle, the NER analysis shows the fossil energy consumed is lower than the renewable energy produced. Regarding the economic performance, it shows that in an optimized production chain, the capital expenditure and operational expenditure will decrease by approximately 20%.

Not all sectors are alike: Differential impacts of shocks in oil prices on the sectors of the Colombian economy

In this paper, an estimation of differential impacts of shocks in oil prices on the economic sectors in the oil-exporting Colombia is made. Using data from the world economy and adopting the model of structural autoregressive vectors (VAR) employed by Kilian et al. (2009), oil prices shocks are estimated according to three types of origin: oil supply, oil demand and aggregate demand. Subsequently, using data from the Colombian economy, the effects that these shocks have on sectoral production in Colombia are estimated through the use of VAR models which allow direct impacts to be separated from those that are transmitted through the interrelations between sectors. The results obtained show that only the specific demand for oil and aggregate demand shocks affect significantly the total production in Colombia, although not in all sectors. Only manufacturing industry, and electricity, gas and water sectors are directly and significantly affected by both types of demand shocks. However, when considering the indirect effects, transmitted through the interrelations between sectors, it was found that the total impacts of these two types of shocks affect the construction, transport and trade, restaurants and hotels sectors. As the effect is positive, the Colombian economy benefits from increases in oil prices due to demand factors, but responds negatively when the opposite situation occurs.

Assessment of biofuels production in Colombia

Different efforts have been carried out in the last years in order to find some alternatives for fossil fuels. Biofuels have been considered as one of the possible substitutes for fossil fuels beca...

Preservation of the Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Rubus Glaucus Benth

The Andes berry (Rubus glaucus Benth) has an ongoing production in Colombia and is considered a competitive market product with the potential for exportation and broad applications in agroindustry because of its high content of antioxidants, nutrients, and proteins, which are keys to a balanced diet. In this study, the effect of an Aloe vera gel coating on the preservation of the nutraceutical properties of the Andes berry was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content of the fruit using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant activities in fruits without and with coating were 95.14 ± 3.28 mmol AAE 100 g-1 sample and 135.94 ± 1.09 mmol AAE 100 g-1 sample, respectively, after ten day of storage. The total phenolic content of the fruits with and without coating did not present significant differences, i.e., the phenol concentrations remained constant over time. Implementation of the gel coating is recommended as a low-cost and highly available option for the preservation of the Andes berry and its nutraceutical properties.

Sustainable intensification of beef production in Colombia\u2014Chances for product differentiation and price premiums

To promote the adoption of more sustainable cattle production systems in Colombia (mainly silvopastoral systems with improved forages), some sector stakeholders have proposed the development of differentiated, higher value beef products. However, there have been no rigorous estimations of local market potential and consumer preferences for these hypothetical products yet. On the other hand, while there are clear efforts concerning the environmental impacts of cattle production, its animal welfare implications have taken a secondary place. This research attempts to evaluate the consumer’s response to both the environmental and animal welfare aspects of more sustainable food systems by (i) determining the characteristics of a consumer segment for sustainably produced beef using contingent valuation methods and (ii) estimating the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for animal welfare compliance and the environmental benefits derived from sustainable intensification within the identified consumer segment, employing a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). In addition, the study estimates the effect of information on consumer’s MWTP for environmentally friendlier beef. Results show that consumers within the identified segment are willing to pay on average 40.2% more for beef certified with both animal welfare and eco-friendly standards, with an increase of nearly 10% after being provided with information of the sector’s environmental impacts. These findings support some of the current climate change mitigation strategies in the national cattle industry while highlighting relevant opportunities and trade-offs in the context of a developing country.

Energy and water optimization of an integrated bioethanol production process from molasses and sugarcane bagasse: A Colombian case

In the present paper, an integrated scheme of first and second-generation bioethanol production is proposed to increase the yield and decreasing thermal energy and freshwater requirements. In this sense, an energy consumption reduction of the integrated process was evaluated through heat exchangers network integration, applying mathematical programming. Then, to reduce freshwater consumption, streams with water disposal for re-use in the process was evaluated, formulating the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). Bioethanol production from the integrated scheme increased at least 40% compared it with sugar-bioethanol production scheme. The heat exchanger network with the minimum annual cost was identified. Around of 16% of freshwater consumption was minimized using a nonconvex nonlinear programming NLP. The integration of second-generation bioethanol to a sugar-bioethanol process could increase, the bioethanol production in Colombia, without an energy and water excessive consumption.