Production In Bangladesh Research Articles

Rural Infrastructure and Its Impact on Agricultural Production in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Kushtia Sadar Upazila

Rural Infrastructure and Its Impact on Agricultural Production in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Kushtia Sadar Upazila

Evaluation of different food waste for sustainable mass rearing of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L) in Bangladesh

Black solider fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L) is one of the potential organic protein sources which is utilised as feed for fish and poultry industries. Effective mass rearing of BSF is inevitable for future sustainable feed industries in Bangladesh. Therefore, this research was aimed at developing the sustainable mass rearing techniques for this insect’s larvae on different available food waste materials in the Bangladesh context. The study was conducted using different household waste, i.e. Rice-Fruit-Meat; Rice-Fruit-Fish; Rice-Vegetable-Meat; Rice-Vegetable-Fish; Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Meat; and Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Fish. Larvae reared on Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Fish diet showed the best results among the treatments in terms of larval growth, i.e. length 23.3±0.1 mm and width 6.2±0.1 mm. The Rice-Fruit-Fish diet showed the minimum larval length (19.5±0.1 mm) and Rice-Fruit-Meat diet showed the minimum larval width (5.6±0.1 mm) compared to the other diets. Among these diets, Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Fish diet gave the highest larval fresh weight (2.6±0.1 mg) compared to other treatments. In addition, the Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Fish diet took less time (45.6±0.7 days) to complete its total life span, while the Rice-Fruit-Fish diet took more time (51.3±1.3 days). The absence of Fruit-Vegetable combination in diets could greatly affect the larval growth and development. It can be concluded that the diet combination of Rice-Fruit-Vegetable-Fish can be utilised for better mass production of BSF for sustainable feed production in Bangladesh.

BananaSqueezeNet: A very fast, lightweight convolutional neural network for the diagnosis of three prominent banana leaf diseases

All over the world, bananas are one of the most common fruits. It accounts for nearly 16% of global fruit production. However, every year, a large amount of banana yield losses occur due to different diseases of the banana leaf. It is essential to identify these diseases at an early stage in order to increase banana production. A visual inspection is the most common method of identifying banana leaf diseases. With a visual inspection, errors are common, time is a factor, and expertise is required. This study shows how deep learning and Bayesian optimization can be used to effectively diagnose banana leaf diseases from images without any human intervention. We collected the Banana Leaf Spot Diseases (BananaLSD) dataset from various locations in Bangladesh. The dataset consists of images of three banana leaf diseases: Pestalotiopsis, Sigatoka, and Cordana. Our proposed BananaSqueezeNet model performed exceptionally well in diagnosing banana leaf diseases from the images with an overall accuracy of 96.25%, precision of 96.53%, recall of 96.25%, specificity of 98.75%, F1-score of 96.17%, and MCC of 95.13%. The BananaSqueezeNet model outperforms some state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks that include EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV3, ResNet-101, ResNet-50, InceptionNet-V3, and VGG16. The BananaSqueezeNet model also detected seven other diseases that affect banana leaves, fruits, and stems, including banana fruit scarring beetle, black sigatoka, bacterial soft rot, pseudo stem weevil, yellow sigatoka, banana aphids, and panama disease, with an accuracy of 95.13%. BananaSqueezeNet will enable banana growers to detect banana diseases early, and we hope that it will ultimately lead to an increase in banana production in Bangladesh and around the world.

Changes in Soil Properties with Combined Use of Probiotic Cultures and Organic Farming Practices in Degraded Soils of Bangladesh

A shift in agricultural management from chemical to organic practices is expected to reduce environmental hazards and improve soil health and productivity in Bangladesh. To increase knowledge of the impact of probiotic cultures and organic farming practices on the physical and chemical properties of Bangladeshi soils, an investigation was carried out during the period from July 2016 to June 2019. The study included nine treatments using combinations of probiotic cultures and organic farming practices. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The probiotic cultures and organic practices increased soil moisture content, porosity and silt particle and decreased bulk density, particle density and sand particles. The organic matter content (11.66%), nutrient availability and electrical conductivity (8.96%) increased with the organic practices, while pH of the soil decreased. The largest significant change in the physical properties (p ≤ 0.05) was in the compost + vermicompost + green manuring treatment, while for chemical properties this was in the poultry manure + vermicompost + green manuring. These findings suggest that the above combinations of organic treatments provide most benefit to the soils of the practices considered.

Economic Assessment of Vegetable Seeds Marketing in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

An efficient seed marketing system is very crucial for boosting vegetable production in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the vegetable seed marketing channels in Bangladesh including profit margins of various traders and different problems faced by them. Primary data from 45 vegetable farmers and 30 seed traders in Rajshahi district were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and profitability analysis were employed, while problem confrontation index (PCI) was used to rank the problems. The findings revealed that vegetable seeds were traded through six major marketing channels. Private agents supply the majority of seeds where dealers, wholesalers, retailers and farmers were the key actors in the channels. However, rural market traders had the highest marketing margin and terminal market traders had the lowest. BCR for terminal market traders was 1.53 that is highest among the traders’ categories where BCR for rural market traders was lowest (1.36). Lack of bank loan facilities, inadequate capital, lack of separate market place, and lack of technical know-how were the major ranked problems faced by traders. The study recommends providing credit facilities to the traders, arranging a separated market place and proper training to increase technical knowledge.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF BANGLADESHI LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

This research has been undertaken to find if product, service and information qualities influence customers satisfaction with Bangladeshi leather products in Bangladesh. Bangladesh s leather product industries are the second largest contributor to the national GDP. The country itself has a large consumer. Customer satisfaction has increasingly become in concern of the business conglomerates in Bangladesh. Previous research has empirical evidence that product, service and information quality influence customer satisfaction. This research is a benchmark to understand how these factors together impact customer satisfaction. Research shows that all these exogenous latent constructs have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction. The article theoretically contributes to the existing literature by testing a hypothetic deductive model among 384 customers in Dhaka City. Variance-based statistical tools (particle least squared equation model) were used to test the hypotheses. The result of the study arises a convincing case for the entrepreneurs of Bangladeshi leather products manufacturing industries regarding taking due attention to improving the product, service and information quality. KEYWORDS: Customer satisfaction, Leather industries, Product quality, Information quality, Service quality, Bangladesh.

Molecular Detection of Tetracycline-Resistant Genes in Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Meat in Bangladesh

This study aimed to estimate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and tetracycline-resistant gene profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from broiler meat and livers sourced from live bird markets (LBMs) and supermarkets (SMs) in Chattogram, Bangladesh. In total, 405 samples were collected from SMs and LBMs, comprising muscle (n = 215) and liver (n = 190) samples. Disc diffusion tests were used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. PCR was used to identify E. coli and tetracycline-resistant genes. Over half (57%) of the chicken product samples were positive for E. coli. The AMR profiling of these isolates showed that the highest prevalence of resistance was against sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (89%), followed by tetracycline (87%), ampicillin (83%), and ciprofloxacin (61%). Among the antimicrobials listed by the World Health Organization as critically important, E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to cephalexin (37%), gentamicin (32%), and colistin sulfate (21%). A large proportion of E. coli demonstrated multi-drug resistance (MDR). Most (84%) of the tetracycline-resistant isolates encoded tetA. Of the remaining isolates, 0.5% encoded tetC, 6.0% encoded two genes, and 3.6% of isolates were tetD, which was newly identified by this study in Bangladesh. Broiler products in Bangladesh are frequently contaminated with multi-drug-resistant E. coli, with differential carriage of tetracycline genes. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance among E. coli indicates a concern for poultry health and welfare regarding the management of colibacillosis. It also indicates growing public health risks of AMR among broiler-associated pathogens, which can be transferred to humans via the food chain. Appropriate control measures should be developed and implemented, focused on the rational use of antimicrobials in poultry farming systems, to mitigate risk from this drug-resistant zoonotic pathogen from foods of animal origin and to protect public health.

Consumer Preference for the Ready-to-eat Fish and Shrimp Balachao: A Potential Value-added Fishery Product for Bangladesh

Fish and shrimp-based value-added products of Bangladesh have great potential in the food markets. A panel test was conducted on ready-to-eat shrimp and fish products, called the Balachao, with 60 respondents of different ages and genders to evaluate consumer preference. Twenty participants were chosen from each of the three age classes: less than 20, 20-40, and above 40 years, with a 1:1 ratio for males and females. Three groups of products were prepared: dried shrimp (A), Bombay duck fish (B), and ribbon fish (C). Each product group had three unique recipe codes with different dried fish and shrimp percentages. The proximate composition was analyzed to determine the nutritional value of the products. Participants' feedback on external appearance, taste, odor, juiciness, crispness, price and overall acceptability was collected through a questionnaire, categorized, and statistically analyzed. Recipes A2 (50% shrimp), B2 (50% Bombay duck), and C2 (50% ribbon fish) obtained the highest mean scores for each evaluation criterion, and they were significantly different from the other recipes (p 0.05). The study revealed that recipes A2, B2, and C2 had good acceptability to consumers and could be potential value-added fishery products in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will contribute to the field of consumer behavior and market potential for value-added fishery products.

Bilateral Trade Between India and Bangladesh: A Pre- and Post-SAFTA Period Analysis

India and Bangladesh, the two neighbouring economies of South Asia, are at the centre of attraction in the foreign trade literature. The present article analyses the pattern of trade between India and Bangladesh before and after joining the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA). The study covers twenty-five years, from 1996 to 2020 and used indices, namely, the Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)Index, Trade Intensity Index (TII) and Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), to analyses the bilateral trade. Although Bangladesh has a relative comparative advantage in some of the products, India has a maximum comparative advantage in relatively more product groups. The index value of the TII is more than one for both countries during the study period, which means that the bilateral trade flows are highly intensive compared to their trading partner of the rest of the world. Furthermore, at the bilateral level, the index value of trade complementarity reflects a partial match between each country’s export supply and import demand because the value of indices stays between 0 and 100 during the entire study period. It also reflects that India’s export complementarity with Bangladesh is reciprocating, indicating growing trade demand for Indian product in Bangladesh’s market and India’s export supply becomes more compatible to meet imports demand of Bangladesh. India and Bangladesh have huge potential for bilateral trade, because they belong to Indian subcontinent, have geographical proximity, abundant natural resources and pursed similar policies towards achieving economic development. Neighbouring Countries, Bilateral Trade, Trade Intensity, Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage, Trade Complementarity, Trade Pattern, Exports, Imports JEL Classification: F10, F13, F14, F47

Energy efficiency and water use indices for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) production under subtropical climatic conditions of Bangladesh

Abstract To estimate energy use efficiency for sweet potato production in Bangladesh under subtropical climatic conditions, a study was conducted with 60 individuals (12 producers for each sweet potato variety) by using a structural questionnaire. The results revealed that the majority of the energy input was consumed by the pre-harvest activities (22,313.55 MJ ha−1 or 90.85%), of which fertilizer application (36.84%) and irrigation (35.24%) consumed the most energy input, with only 9.15% (2,248.42 MJ ha−1) consumed by the post-harvest activity for sweet potato production. The energy input involved in the production system was similar to the direct (12,149.76 MJ ha−1 or 49.47%) and indirect (12,412.21 MJ ha−1 or 50.53%) sources, while it was much higher in non-renewable sources (22,884.21 MJ ha−1 or 93.17%) with a minimum (1,677.76 MJ ha−1 or 6.83%) from renewable sources. The average energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy, net energy, energy profitability and water-energy productivity of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) varieties 4.36, 1.22 kg MJ−1, 0.83 MJ kg−1, 82,511.73 MJ ha−1, 3.36 and 1.32 g m−3 MJ−1, respectively. The OFSP varieties showed better performance in respect of all the energy and water use indicators.

Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Plant Nutrients on Purple Blotch and Tip-Burn of Onion

An experiment was conducted in the field of Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Cazipur, during Robi 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy of available plant nutrients against purple blotch disease and tip-burn of onion. Eight different plant nutrients viz. Potassium (ZnSO4 fertilizer), Phosphorus (TSP fertilizer), Boron (Boron fertilizer), Zinc (ZnSO4 fertilizer), Calcium (CaSO4 fertilizer), Copper (CuSO4), Silicon (silica gel) and Manganese (MnSO4 fertilizer) were tested against purple blotch disease and tip-burn of onion. Soil and foliar application of plant nutrients viz. Potassium, Phosphorus, Boron, Zinc, Calcium, Copper, Silicon and Manganese in the formed of water solution gave appreciable reduction of purple blotch disease and tip-burn incidence and increased plant growth such as shoot and root growth as well as yield of onion. Among the nutrients solution Potassium, Phosphorus, Silicon, Zinc and Calcium were performed better for reducing purple blotch disease severity (upto 62.78%), tip-burn incidence (upto 72.22%) and increasing plant growth as well as yield of onion. Application of Boron and Manganese also performed better than control. So, soil and foliar application plant nutrients viz. Potassium, Phosphorus, Silicon, Zinc, Boron and Manganese might be recommended for tip-burn and purple blotch disease management and also for onion production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(2): 153-165, June 2021

Bank Credit and Agricultural Output in Bangladesh: An Econometric Analysis

In this study, the authors tried to identify the relationship between bank credit and agricultural output in Bangladesh. Simultaneously impact assessment of bank credit on agricultural output is also investigated. Different econometric techniques are used to determine the nature of the relationship between bank credit and agricultural output and the impact of bank credit. A total of 40 years (1981-2020) of annual time series data were collected from the Annual Reports of the Bangladesh Bank and World Bank’s world development indicators. Stationarity and cointegration tests were performed initially and then analyzed with Vector Error Correction Model, confirming a long-run relationship between bank credit and agricultural output. Additionally, univariate and multivariate OLS models are performed to identify the magnitude of bank credit’s impact on agricultural output. Both models revealed that bank credit positively and significantly affects agricultural production in Bangladesh. Based on these findings, the authors recommend additional fund allocation to the agricultural production system by the banks in Bangladesh.

Supply Chain Management Techniques Using Big Data for Agro-based Food Products in Bangladesh

Supply Chain Management Techniques Using Big Data for Agro-based Food Products in Bangladesh

Modeling of Lemon Production: A Stepwise Regression Approach

Lemon, which is both tropical and subtropical fruit, was formerly used for only entertaining the guests, but today, as a result of its many different uses; it is highly popular with both consumers and producers. Bangladesh is home to extensive lemon groves due to the fruit's high nutritional value, favorable growing conditions, and widespread demand on both domestic and international markets. This study examined the combined impact of farm specific factor and climatic variable on lemon production in Bangladesh. Here the stepwise regression technique with various diagnostic plots in R studio was used to assess the suitable multiple linear regression model and an effective autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model-based time series analysis was produced for future projection of lemon. The study found a positive link between lemon output and price but a negative correlation with climate variables. Annually, one substantial drop in the lemon cultivars as a result of climatic stress is initiated due to the most significant aspects of which are temperatures and rainfall. Result found, with each millimeter of increased AMR, output diminished by 0.0006419 times on average. The production drops by 0.3564144 times on average for every unit increase in annual mean temperature (AMT). Price increases for lemons may be traced back to covid-19, when production was increased in response to increasing demand about the health benefits of lemons. Also, the investigation found ARIMA (1,1,1) model with drift to the best for future projections of lemon production.

Effect of Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Planting density is an important factor for plant growth and yield performance. As it is a newly introduced crop in Bangladesh, experiment on planting density became crucial to know the effect of planting density on the growth, morpho-physiological, yield and yield contributing characters of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Therefore, a field experiment on planting density (11, 22, 66 plants m-2) was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three treatments and three replications. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Among the planting densities, 66 plants m-2 showed significantly the best performance on growth and yield (168.63kgha-1) compare to other planting densities (11 plants m-2and 22 plants m-2). This finding suggests that 66 plants m-2 is better for commercial Chia production in Bangladesh.

Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning: A Review and A Proposed System on Bangladesh’s Perspective

A very crucial part of Bangladeshi people’s employment, GDP contribution, and mainly livelihood is agriculture. It plays a vital role in decreasing poverty and ensuring food security. Plant diseases are a serious stumbling block in agricultural production in Bangladesh. At times, humans can’t detect the disease from an infected leaf with the naked eye. Using inorganic chemicals or pesticides in plants when it’s too late leads in vain most of the time, deposing all the previous labor. The deep-learning technique of leaf-based image classification, which has shown impressive results, can make the work of recognizing and classifying all diseases trouble-less and more precise. In this paper, we’ve mainly proposed a better model for the detection of leaf diseases. Our proposed paper includes the collection of data on three different kinds of crops: bell peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes. For training and testing the proposed CNN model, the plant leaf disease dataset collected from Kaggle, is used which has 17430 images. The images are labeled with 14 separate classes of damage. The developed CNN model performs efficiently and could successfully detect and classify the tested diseases. The proposed CNN model may have great potency in crop disease management.

Climate Change and Impact on Agricultural Productivity in Bangladesh

Climate Change and Impact on Agricultural Productivity in Bangladesh

Branding Handicrafts Products: a Study on Bangladesh

"The aim of the study is to examine the branding of handicraft products in Bangladesh. This study has considered twelve districts in Bangladesh as the study area. Researcher has interviewed session with 6 branding and marketing experts first. Based on their opinions on how to brand handicrafts, structured questionnaires have been prepared to collect data from 40 respondents who are entrepreneurs, traders, marketers, suppliers, and other relevant people. Researcher extracts data on the perceptions towards various branding factors in categorical form. This study has used both qualitative and quantitative analysis to identify the impact of branding strategies on the demand for handicrafts. Exploratory factor analysis is used to sort out the statistically significant branding factors followed by multiple regression models to justify the relationship between different branding factors and the demand for handicrafts. This study reveals that the main four variables are handicraft studies, handicraft branding, handicraft promotion and handicraft branding patron associations. Multiple regression result shows that handicraft studies and handicraft branding have a large effect on increasing the demand for handicraft products. This is because handicrafts branding draw the attention to the potential customer about handicrafts products and the high possibility to increase the sales volume. This study recommends cumulative efforts from both public and private sectors to enlarge handicrafts market by incorporating handicraft as a course in each syllabus, advertising properly to encourage people to buy them and reminding the people that handicrafts was part of their ancestor’s lifestyle. Entrepreneurs, government and related organizations can take these steps of branding to increase demand for handicraft products."

Analysis and Forecasting of Rice Production Behavior in Bangladesh

This research looks at how numerous factors, including the price of rice, area, improved seed distribution, areas irrigated by different improved methods, and fertilizer, influence rice production in Bangladesh. This study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the short-run and long-run effects of each exogenous variable on rice production. In this research work, auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and hybrid ARIMA-(general autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic) GRACH were used to forecast rice production in Bangladesh from 1983 to 2030. The parameters of price of rice, area irrigated by different improved methods, area, and fertilizer were found to have a significant and positive impact on rice production in this study, both in the short run and the long run, according to the ARDL model. According to the lowest Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Theil Inequality Coefficient criteria, the linear hybrid ARIMA (11, 1, 11)–EGARCH (1, 1)–M model performed better in predicting the rice production in Bangladesh. IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 5 (1): 1-14

A Comparison of Trend Models for Predicting Tea Production in Bangladesh

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a manufactured popular beverage that is mostly consumed around the globe including Bangladesh. Tea consumptions are increasing day by day due to its healthcare effects in the world as well as in Bangladesh. To meet the ever-growing population’s demand in Bangladesh, it is important to predict the production of tea.
 Objective: Although it is found in the literatures that studies have examined different trend models for tea and agricultural crops, no such study has been found to choose best trend model for predicting the production of tea in Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt is made to identify the best trend model based on different model selection criterion for the prediction of tea production in Bangladesh.
 Materials and Methods: Six trend models namely linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, and compound were applied on tea production dataset (1976 to 2020) collected from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website. For justification of the model, different model section criteria have been checked.
 Results: The results showed that the compound trend model is the most suitable among considered trend models for predicting the tea production in Bangladesh. Finally, the yearly growth rate of tea production for the period from1976 to 2020 found the compound growth rate of tea production in Bangladesh as 1.02 per year. It is important to note that for the next five years, forecasted increasing rate could be 4840.91 tonnes for the yearly tea production of Bangladesh. Furthermore, remarkable increased progresses of production have been noticed as 23585.7 and 21691.01 tonnes, respectively for the years 2019 and 2020 by the re-estimated model due to the proper nourishing and maintaining the input supply chain from government ends. 
 Conclusion: In the respect of the growing demand, the best-fitted trend model applied herewith through outlier checking and related sophisticated justification tools on the tea production area could help to accumulate knowledge for the practitioner.