Production Enterprises Research Articles

Фінансово-кредитна інфраструктура і роль кредитного механізму в забезпеченні стійкого функціонування підприємств агропромислового виробництва

The article examines the financial and credit infrastructure of agriculture and the credit mechanism as elements of the financial and credit systems of the state. The institutional and functional structures of the financial and credit infrastructure of agriculture are analyzed. The trends, problems and features of the formation and functioning of the credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex are considered. Recommendations for improving the credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex have been formulated. Methodical approaches to forms of agribusiness lending are proposed and a description of certain types of lending, most acceptable for enterprises in agriculture, is given. The need for the formation of special lending mechanisms for agricultural production enterprises, adapted to the specifics of the industry, has been proven.

Formulation a definition for the phenomenon of internal control of expenses for scientific (scientific and technical) enterprise activity

Scientific activity in Ukraine is a special kind of economic and social relations that forms the knowledge and innovative products. Currently, a significant part of scientific institutions are in a difficult financial situation due to the need of the state to finance the defense spending. This requires researchers to economically spend the money received. That is why, among the main tasks of scientific organizations there is a strict control of costs for scientific works, which requires the creation of a fundamentally new theoretical and methodological base within the framework of which the development of the existing conceptual apparatus and the discovery of the latest methodological approaches for cost control during research and development are envisaged. Determining the costs of creating a scientific product is carried out by a special direction of the internal activity of the enterprise — accounting for the costs of scientific activities in a specially formed unit or a separate employee, however, the work of this unit or employee should be monitored, for which it is advisable to form an appropriate functional management body — internal control costs for researches. The practice of accounting costs for the scientific activity and the regulatory framework for such accounting is formed on the basis of the rules established for production and commercial enterprises, there is a need for the development and implementation of new methodological and organizational solutions for streamlining the activities of specific accounting and regulatory bodies that have as their object the costs of scientific works. To start the processes of forming an orderly activity to control the costs of research in this article formulated the definition of the phenomenon of internal control of costs for scientific activities of the enterprise. This will make it possible to single out in the general management system of scientific organizations the employee (units) responsible for controlling the costs of scientific work, determine their goals and special functions, determine the composition of the labor intensity of control operations and develop cost control regulations.

Demand Management for Manufacturing Loads Considering Temperature Control under Dynamic Electricity Prices

Demand response (DR) can provide extra scheduling flexibility for power systems. Different from industrial and residential loads, the production process of manufacturing loads includes multiple production links, and complex material flow and energy flow are closely coupled, which can be seen as a typical nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard problem. In addition, there is a coupling effect between the temperature-controlled loads (TCLs) and the manufacturing loads, which has often been ignored in previous research, resulting in conservative electricity consumption planning. This paper proposes an optimal demand management for the manufacturing industry. Firstly, the power consumption characteristics of manufacturing loads are analyzed in detail. A state task network (STN) is introduced to decouple the relationship between energy and material flow in each production link. Combining STN and production equipment parameters, a general MILP model is constructed to describe the whole production process of the manufacturing industry. Then, a mathematical model of the TCLs considering a comfortable human degree is established. Fully considering the electricity consumption behavior of equipment and TCLs, the model predictive control (MPC) method is adopted to generate the optimal scheduling plan. Finally, an actual seat production enterprise is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed demand management strategy.

Accounting for income and expenditure on government quotas for greenhouse gas emissions in crop production

Subject. This article discusses the problems and possibilities of accounting for income and expenses associated with compliance with quotas for greenhouse emissions in relation to the activities of crop production enterprises. Objectives. The article aims to systematize and generalize knowledge about the problems and possibilities of accounting for income and expenses associated with compliance with quotas for greenhouse emissions at various enterprises, including those engaged in crop production. Methods. For the study, I used a dialectical approach, observation, analysis and synthesis, as well as elements of accounting methods. Results. The article proposes to take into account the income and expenses associated with compliance with emission quotas as part of ordinary activities, and it recommends calculating the cost of individual plant varieties taking into account the costs associated with quotas. It proposes an accounting system for recording a long-term government greenhouse emissions quota as a government subsidy (measured at fair value) in the ordinary course of business. Conclusions. Greenhouse emissions are inseparable from the standard activities of enterprises and are calculated on the basis of their volumes. The volume of greenhouse emissions should be reflected in the cost and profitability of sales of plant crops.

Preference of Chinese food production enterprises to government regulatory Information——A choice experiment approach

In recent years, despite the fact that the Chinese government is closely monitoring food safety, the perception of food production enterprises is not obvious. The reason is that information asymmetry hinders the effective transmission of regulatory information to food production enterprises. In the present research, a choice test is conducted to explore the preference of decision-makers for the information on government regulations in 224 food production enterprises with violations. It is found out that the decision-makers of food production enterprises have a strong preference for the regulatory information released by local governments. With a preference for reference information, compared to those who violate the law just once, decision-makers in food production companies that have several infractions exhibit a high "reference dependence" mentality. Also, the preference of different decision-maker characteristics shows an evident heterogeneity, as does the preference of various enterprises for the regulatory information about food safety. It is recommended that the government should improve the mechanism of disclosing the information about food safety, and focus on tailoring the information to different types of enterprises.

Attitudes of 3PL Providers of the Companies towards the Activities of Organizational Performance

Businesses today specialize in their core competencies and outsource their other operations due to the emerging perception of competition brought on by the large-scale similarity of production, the quick spread of technology and information systems, and the disappearance of international borders. One of the most common fields of outsourcing activity is Third Party Logistics (3PL) service, and the Organizational Performance elements of 3PL service providers are listed as Service Quality, Relationship Management and Organizational Effectiveness. This research aims to examine the Organizational Performance criteria of the 3PL providers serving the production enterprises and to evaluate the relationship structure between the mean and standard deviation values of the statements in the survey. The empirical results obtained from frequency, regression and standard deviation analyses show that Guanxi, Reliability, Assurance, and Trust positively affect Organizational Effectiveness. However, only Trust has a positive and statistically significant impact on Service Quality

Improvement of the organizational structure of management agricultural enterprises according to the principles of the market economy

The materials of the scientific publication define the role of marketing principles in the organization of the management structure of agricultural enterprises in the production process. The works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the efficiency of agricultural production, the service sector and the market were analyzed. When conducting research on the state of the organizational structure of management of agricultural enterprises based on the principle of marketing, general scientific research methods were used, in particular: a monographic method to identify the problem of adaptation of agricultural enterprises to the market environment, a method of comparative analysis to study the possibilities of adaptation to the market of agricultural enterprises of different sizes, an abstract-logical method with its methods of generalization analysis and synthesis and the method of induction and deduction for the formation of generalizations, conclusions and propositions. A system of the organizational structure of management of agricultural enterprises was established in accordance with marketing principles. The state and further development of the management structure of agricultural enterprises is determined. Presented are topical issues of forming the implementation of agrarian policy in the field of organizational structure of socio-economic and social-labor relations. The optimal system of labor organization in social and labor relations based on the principle of humanization of labor, which offers wide independence to the production enterprise, has been revealed. The conditions that determine the direction of all production and marketing activities of agricultural enterprises, which are based on the principles of marketing are analyzed. All activities of the agricultural enterprise are subject to this concept. The tactics of the marketing concept of an agricultural enterprise, based on the use of defensive and offensive positions, are also proposed. Appropriate conclusions were made that reflect the assessment of the financial condition of agricultural sector enterprises and offer the most effective method of marketing policy activation, which provides an opportunity to obtain more information about the activities of agricultural enterprises, conduct its analysis, and formulate specific proposals for production.

Organizing milk harvest: A producer perspective on infrastructure and human resources

One of the major considerations in operating a dairy production enterprise is the development and execution of a strategy for milk harvest. The production of milk as a business enterprise is generally governed by commodity based financial consid­erations. That is, the price of the final product is driven by the relationship between supply and demand. Both price and cost associated with the final product will be cyclical, and producers with lowest cost will, on average, gain market share over time just as those with high cost will lose market share over econom­ic cycles and may exit the business. Thus, the major consider­ation in organizing milk harvest is how strategic decisions will affect the final cost of the product. Some of the costs associated with the milking center can be considered direct costs while other aspects of the strategy can be considered indirect costs or opportunities. There are still other less tangible aspects of the harvest strategy that may not impact costs directly or indirectly at the milking center, but nonetheless have a bearing on what may be considered success in dairy production on a broader hu­man scale.

"UNITED WINDOW" LLC ways to improve the marketing activities of the production enterprise

"UNITED WINDOW" LLC ways to improve the marketing activities of the production enterprise

An intelligent decision support system for agriculture economy based on fuzzy c-means

Abstract Agricultural informatization construction has developed rapidly in recent years, but its data has not been well utilized to support decision-making. Cluster analysis is an important branch of data mining, which is applied to the agricultural industry and enhances the competitiveness of the industry. In response to the problem of insufficient information space services for rural agricultural economy, the application of clustering analysis algorithm in the field of agricultural feed industry was studied. Based on fuzzy C-means technology, clustering analysis was conducted, aiming to provide a universal decision support platform for agricultural production management departments and achieve value co-creation among farmers, enterprises, and investors. In this paper, a method based on Xie-Ben validity is adopted, and the method is modified. In addition, the steps of removing empty clusters are added after the cycle of FCM algorithm to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. In the experimental stage, different subdivision results are obtained by selecting different parameters, and the results are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the FCM algorithm. Finally, the improved FCM algorithm is applied to the agricultural marketing decision support system to provide important decision-making for domestic and foreign feed raw material producers and traders, animal husbandry feed production enterprises, agricultural investment institutions and so on.

A High-Precision Monitoring Method Based on SVM Regression for Multivariate Quantitative Analysis of PID Response to VOC Signals

In the moist environment of soil-water-air, there is a problem of low accuracy in monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a photoionization detector (PID). This study is based on the PID water-soil-gas VOC online monitor developed by this group, online monitoring of the concentration of different constituents of VOCs in different production enterprises of the petroleum and chemical industries in Shandong Province, with the concentration of the laboratory test, to build a relevant model. The correlation coefficient about the PID test concentration and the actual concentration correlation coefficient was obtained through the collection of a large number of data trainings. Based on the application of PID in VOC monitoring, the establishment of a PID high-precision calibration model is important for the precise monitoring of VOCs. In this paper, multiple quantitative analyses were conducted, based on SVM regression of PID response to VOC signals, to study the high-precision VOC monitoring method. To select the response signals of PID under different concentrations of environmental VOCs measured by the research group, first, the PID response to VOC signals was modeled using the support vector machine principle to verify the effect of traditional SVM regression. For the problem of raw data redundancy, calculate the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the PID signal, and conduct the principal component analysis of the time-domain of the PID signal. In order to make the SVM regression more generalized and robust, the selection of kernel function parameters and penalty factor of SVM is optimized by genetic algorithm. By comparing the accuracy of PID calibration models such as PID signal feature extraction, SVM regression, and principal component analysis SVM regression, the superiority of photoionization detector using the signal feature extraction PCA-GA-SVM method to monitor VOCs is verified.

An Internet of Things-Based Production Scheduling for Distributed Two-Stage Assembly Manufacturing with Mold Sharing

In digital product and ion scheduling centers, order–factory allocation, factory–mold allocation, and mold routing can be performed centrally and efficiently to maximize the utilization of manufacturing resources (molds). Therefore, in this paper, a manufacturing resource (molds)-sharing mechanism based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and a cyber-physical production system (CPPS) is designed to realize the coordinated allocation of molds and production scheduling. A mixed-integer mathematical model is developed to optimize the cost structure and obtain a reasonable profit solution. A heuristic algorithm based on evolutionary reversal is used to solve the problem. The numerical results show that based on the digital coordinated production scheduling method, distributed two-stage assembly manufacturing with shared molds can effectively reduce the order delay time and increase potential benefits for distributed production enterprises.

Research on Supply Chain Risk Prevention and Control of Medical Products Enterprises

This paper firstly analyzes the mode, development background and development status of the medical products supply chain, and finds that the medical products market shows an expanding trend, which requires the prevention and control of supply chain risks. Secondly, this paper identifies the risk factors existing in its current development, mainly supply risk, logistics risk, demand risk, information risk and cooperation risk, and analyzes the five types of risk in detail, points out the risk factors existing in each risk, and enumerates the impacts of each risk on each link of the medical products supply chain. Again, this paper combines the relevant risk factors to propose specific supply chain management countermeasures from three aspects, namely: using innovative digital supply chain models, optimizing internal supply chain processes, and improving the standardized management of medical products production. Finally, the whole paper is summarized and relevant conclusions are drawn, aiming to provide some references for giving full play to the role of medical products supply chain.

Трансформация информационной структуры как инструмент повышения эффективности многономенклатурного производства

Characteristics of high-variety production enterprise are viewed, in particular: technological training, operational management and improvement of production efficiency. The issues of increasing the competitiveness of a high-variety production enterprise, determining the requirements for the processes of management and preparation of production with a focus on ensuring efficient loading of technological equipment, planning the operation of production sites while maintaining high flexibility, are highlighted. The key problems identified. The following ones can be noted: the lack of statistical information for calculations and planning in relation to the conditions of a particular production; insufficient level of interaction of services and production units; a static approach to managing a dynamic production system; lack of effective feedback channels that allow tracking the current production situation for appropriate analysis and giving necessary corrections. It is shown that the use of digital technologies and software has significant potential for solving problems in the considered production conditions. The existing means of digitalization make significant improvements possible in the level of interaction between departments and the interconnection of individual stages of preparation and operation of production, the availability of necessary information and quick delivery of it. The prospects for the development of the enterprise information environment for improving the efficiency of technological preparation of production and its operational management are identified. The necessity of having feedback channels that allow monitoring the current production situation for appropriate analysis and development of necessary corrections in the conditions of the stochastic nature of production processes and enterprise agility is determined. The practicability of integrating digital production systems based on adaptive management systems having technological intelligence into the information environment of an enterprise is reasoned out. Thus, the intellectualization of production requires the modernization of the principles of building information support for the production process.

A stochastic and time-delay evolutionary game of food safety regulation under central government punishment mechanism

Food safety is a pressing issue affecting public health, and strengthening food safety regulation has become a widespread consensus. This study addresses the three-party game involving food production enterprises, third-party testing agencies, and government regulatory authorities. Considering the influence of random disturbances and time delays on the strategy-choosing and behavioral evolution of game players, a three-party stochastic evolutionary game model for food safety regulation with time delays is established. The stability of the model is analyzed by using Lyapunov's method, and the strategy evolution of the game players is investigated while combining numerical simulations. The study shows that the net benefit of the players' expected strategies is key in determining whether the overall game system can reach the optimal equilibrium. The level of penalties imposed by the central government on local government regulators is key to food safety. The main factors influencing the strategy-choosing of game players are the level of penalties imposed by the local government regulators on third-party testing agencies, together with the supervision costs of the local government regulators. Random disturbances have a certain impact on strategy-choosing of the game players, with a greater impact on testing agencies, followed by food production enterprises, and a weaker impact on government regulatory authorities. The time delay factors exhibit a certain delay effect on the evolutionary path of strategy-choosing among the game players, which aligns with the actual situation. The findings of the study have implications for food safety regulation.

Rice Yield Estimation Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data and Machine Learning: A Case Study of Jiangsu, China

Effective estimation of crop yields at a regional scale holds significant importance in facilitating decision-making within the agricultural sector, thereby ensuring grain security. However, traditional ground-based measurement techniques suffer from inefficiencies, and there exists a need for a reliable, precise, and effective method for estimating regional rice yields. In this study, we employed four machine-learning techniques: partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and back propagation neural network (BPNN). We combined these methods with multi-temporal rice NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data for rice yield estimation. Following an accuracy evaluation and a spatial analysis, the key findings of our study are as follows. (1) The RFR model emerged as the most accurate for rice yield estimation, achieving an R2 of 0.65, an RMSE of 388.79 kg/ha, and an rRMSE of 4.48%. While PLSR and SVR demonstrated comparable accuracy, they were both inferior to RFR. (2) Using the top seven predictors with the highest importance rankings as inputs for the RFR model (NDVI values on the 6th, 17th, 33rd, 44th, 71st, 90th, and 106th days after the rice transplanting stage) achieved comparable accuracy while reducing information redundancy. (3) The proposed model demonstrated good spatial applicability (MI = −0.03) for rice yield estimation in Jiangsu, China. (4) A high spatial resolution yearly rice yield dataset (1 km) spanning from 2001 to 2020 was generated using the proposed model and is accessible on the Zenodo database. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the efficacy of combining multi-temporal remote sensing data with machine-learning techniques for accurate rice yield estimation, thereby aiding agricultural authorities and production enterprises in the timely formulation and refinement of cropping strategies and management policies for the ongoing season.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГАРАНТИРОВАННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ КРИТИЧЕСКИ ВАЖНЫХ СИСТЕМ НЕФТЕГАЗОДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The method of introducing solar power plants into the existing automation and fire alarm systems of the explosive environment of oil and gas production enterprises is considered

KEY ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHARACTER OF COMPETITION ON THE UKRAINIAN FOOD MARKET

The set of opportunities of an agricultural enterprise to create competitive advantages make up the potential of its competitiveness. However, competitive advantages, especially those that can be characterized as sustainable, are formed on the basis of the mobilization of the economic potential of the enterprise, which is a set of opportunities for the long-term implementation of the main activity of the business entity. Accordingly, the study identified the place and role of the potential of competitiveness in the structure of the enterprise's potential and its relationship with the economic potential. In turn, it was established that the components of economic potential are production potential in combination with commercial and sales opportunities, the basis of all types of enterprise potential is resource potential, and the potential of product competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness is based on the economic potential of the enterprise, contributing to the growth of the latter. Agricultural producers face many problems that can prevent them from growing and selling their products profitably. The problem of ensuring the effective economic activity of the studied subjects of agricultural production lies in the relative complexity of the relationships between them within the framework of the current market environment. the market environment of the functioning of commercial structures is not homogeneous, and the levers of state regulation do not have an unequivocal effect on all operators of one or another commodity market at the same time. To increase productivity and expand participation in market relations, they absolutely need appropriate mechanisms and policy measures. In the current situation, it becomes necessary for each manufacturer to analyze its competitiveness and develop effective means to increase it. An important condition for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises is the effective use of resources, personnel qualifications, achievements of modern management, innovative, financial and informational capabilities of the enterprise, which together represent its potential. State determination of the legal field of existence of market participants requires a clear understanding of the relevant state of their interaction and the development trends of this interaction. The consequences of agricultural regulation policy and the manifestation of market forces in relation to the productivity and evolution of the food industry vary depending on the field, direction of production, etc.

Arrangements for environmental costs analytical accounting at crop production enterprises

Subject. This article analyzes the approaches to the arrangements for analytical accounting of environmental costs in the application of process and job-order methods of cost accounting by enterprises specializing in the production of crop products. Objectives. The article aims to systematize and summarize knowledge about the problems and possibilities of analytical accounting of environmental costs at crop production enterprises. Methods. For the study, I used a dialectical approach, observation, synthesis and analysis, and the elements of accounting methods such as calculation, accounts etc. Results. The article formulates that the accounting of environmental costs requires greater detailing, which contradicts the essence of absorption costing analytics, and that the grouping of costs by individual order for the cultivation of environmentally friendly products does not guarantee the elimination of absorption costing approaches in accounting. The article proposes to include in the Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia information on absorption costing analytics with a detailed disclosure of the shortcomings of this approach in the context of job-order and process methods used at enterprises growing crop products. Conclusions. In financial accounting, the task of generating a calculation with a complete list of environmental costs is not feasible due to the heterogeneity of costs and regulatory constraints. To solve this problem, it is necessary to abandon absorption costing analytics, which contradicts the accounting of environmental costs, which, on the contrary, requires deeper detailing. The use of the job-order method in crop production does not solve the problem of absorption costing analytics.

Comprehensive hygienic assessment of ambient air pollution in the area of food and processing industry enterprises’ location

The purpose of the study is to assess atmospheric air pollution in a city where food and processing enterprises operate using a complex of instrumental, olfacto-odourimetric, calculated, and survey methods.
 Materials and methods. Analytical studies of ambient air pollution were performed using the FOCUS GC-DSQ-II chromatography-mass spectrometer. Olfacto-odourimetric studies of the presence and intensity of odour in the area of the enterprises were carried out in accordance with the method of organoleptic control downwind at various distances from sources. The measurement of the odour level at the discharge of the coffee extract spray dryer was carried out by dynamic olfactometry on the ECOMA TO-8 olfactometer. The calculation of odour dispersion was implemented according to a program using a methodology for calculating concentrations of harmful substances in ambient air.
 Results. It was established that at the time of the research, the source of a persistent specific odour reaching the residential area was a coffee production enterprise. Up to seventy eight volatile organic compounds in concentrations not exceeding hygienic standards have been identified in the ambient air in the area of the enterprise’s location. Field olfacto-odorimetric studies and the conducted dispersion calculation indicate an offensive odour to be capable of causing “annoyance” to the population (3 points or higher with a probability of ≥ 5% according to the results of field studies or ≥ 3.5 OU (odour units) according to the calculation results) spreads up to 4 km from the main source of emissions.
 Limitations. The main limitation of the study is the peculiarities of the operating mode of different enterprises, which makes it difficult to fully assess the environmental situation in the area of their location at the time of the research.
 Conclusion. The results of these studies indicate the use of various methodological approaches (field olfacto-odorimetric measurements, calculation of odour dispersion), along with conducting population surveys, to significantly expand the possibilities of instrumental analysis for an objective assessment of ambient air pollution by complex multicomponent mixtures of odorous substances.