Production Cost Factors Research Articles

RICE-FISH FARMING SYSTEM IN LAMONGAN, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA: SWOT AND PROFIT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

The agricultural sector needs to make breakthroughs in the design of production systems to improve farmers' income and operation efficiency. One of the ways is to redesign rice production methods by applying a rice-fish farming system. Lamongan has a different system that combines rice cultivation with vannamei shrimp. Due to the limitation of farmers, the efficiency of the system has not yet reached the optimal level. This study describes the rice-fish farming system, identifies the SWOT and generated the grand strategy matrix, and analyzed the profit efficiency using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The results showed that the strengths and opportunities are more influential, where the position was in the quadrant I; which means it is in a good strategic position. Meanwhile, the input factors which significantly influence profit where the cost of paddy seed, the cost of organic fertilizer, the cost of inorganic fertilizer, the cost of pesticide, and the cost of shrimp feed. The profit efficiency analysis shows that respondents engaged in this system did not efficiently allocate inputs and production cost factors appropriately. The average profit efficiency level was 78.05 percent; it means that there were still opportunities to increase profits from the system by 21.5 percent.

EFISIENSI FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI LEDRE PISANG DI UD. DUA PUTRI DEWI, KOTA MALANG

Banana Ledre is a food product processed from banana which is a type of snack. Processing of agricultural products aims to add value to this product because it can be sold at a higher price than fresh product. Banana ledre made by U.D. Dua Putri Dewi, Malang City uses several inputs other than banana as raw material. In the production process, efficiency in the use of inputs is an important thing that needs to be considered by entrepreneurs. Technical efficiency is a measure of how well resources or production inputs are used in the production process to provide optimal results. This study aims to analyze the technical efficiency of the use of production inputs consisting of raw materials, labor, and wages in producing banana ledre. The method used to analyze technical efficiency is Cobb Douglas production function regression analysis. In order to do the analysis, the production function is transformed into a linear model. The research hypothesis was tested by comparing the value of bi with a value range of 0-1. The results showed that the use of production cost factors was not efficient. This is based on the b1 value of 1.474 where this value is greater than 1. The use of working hours is inefficient based on the b2 value (-0.515) which is less than 0. The use of work wages is efficient based on the b3 value (0.059) which ranges from 0-1. Based on these results, entrepreneurs need to review the use of raw material costs and working hours in the production process. Things that can be done include finding raw material suppliers that offer lower prices and optimizing working hours as efficiently as possible.

Robustness Comparison of Three Coastal Dual Channel Supply Chains under Two-Factor Disruptions

Yang, T. and Wu, B., 2020. Robustness comparison of three coastal dual channel supply chains under two-factor disruptions. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1366-1371. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.There is still a lack of comprehensive comparison of optimal pricing, and ordering strategies for three coastal dual-channel supply chains (SC) under simultaneous disruption of demand and production cost. Firstly, three kinds of coastal dual-channel SC structures with different cooperation modes are proposed. Based on retailer-led Stackelberg game and linear price discount sharing (PDS) scheme, the optimal two-stage pricing and ordering strategies of three coastal dual-channel supply chains were solved when demand and production cost factors were disturbed. Then, their robustness under the interruption of demand and production cost was compared and ranked. The results show that no SC structures always has the best robustness when both demand and production costs are interrupted, and sequence of robustness is determined for each feasible disruption range.

LESSONS FROM A COSTS ANALYSIS IN POTATO PRODUCTION

The potato is one of the most widely cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Brazil ranks 21st among the world's largest potato producers, and the United States (US) is the fifth largest producer in the world. This study analyzes and compares the economic, financial aspects of potato production in the Vargem Grande do Sul region, SP (Brazil), and southwestern Idaho (US), seeking to identify which aspects of American production can serve as reference for technical and financial improvement of the Brazilian production. Data from official sources were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA). Potato producer in Vargem Grande do Sul need learning how to reduce the factors of production costs to have better financial results in your potato production.

Decentralized determination of design variables among cooperative designers for product platform design in a product family

Establishing a product family enables companies leverage mass customization to meet demand from different market segments. Product family design environment can be inherently decentralized and requires a number of entities to achieve a common goal. Issues related to product platform design can be modeled as multi-objective optimization with respect to design variables, production cost and other factors. A common drawback in decentralized environments is information sharing which can reduce the quality of the decision especially under partial information or information privacy restrictions. In this paper, we present an agent-based collaborative design model and propose a decentralized coordination mechanism to facilitate decision-making. This is achieved by modeling a collaborative design environment and applying a two-phase augmented Lagrangian-based algorithm such that the decision makers achieve a common goal without having a global view of the entire design space. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mechanism using a General Aviation Aircraft and a Universal Electric Motor product family design problem. The product designers and the platform designer act independently and each has no knowledge of the decision functions of other designers. The computational results showed that quality solutions can be obtained in decentralized environments.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS CABAI MERAH DIKAWASAN AGROPOLITAN KABUPATEN SERANG

Development Strategy in the Serang Regency Agropolitan Area. The goal of this research is : (1) To research the income of red chili farming in the Serang Regency agropolitan area, (2) To analyze the factors of production costs that affect the income of chili farming in the Agropolitan area of Serang regency (3) To find out the strategy for developing red chili farming in the agropolitan area of Serang Regency..Research method that used was observation and data registration that analyzed was secondary data, got from interview result of farmer. According number of population at location was 100 farmers, so total population that taken was 30% from 100 farmers so total sample was 30 farmers.Method of analysis that used: (a) analysis of clean income was difference of gross income reduced total production cost. (b) analysis of linier regression multivariate to explain influence of cost variable of seed, fertilizer, pesticide, manpower, mulsa, towards net income. (c) SWOT analysis.Result of analysis shows that in one season chili farmer at agropolitan area of Serang regency income Rp. 53,881,058.84/hectare. This is due to the collaboration between elements of farmers, bureaucrats, entrepreneurs and supporting elements. Result of regression analysis in red chili farming research at agropolitan area of Serang regency was .Seeds, fertilizers, mulch, and labor are very influential on the income of red chili farming. If the measurement of 4 factors is not in accordance with the five farms, it can affect or decrease farmer's income. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis with the value indicated that the difference in opportunity and threat is 0.92, while the difference between strength and weakness is 0.82. Then the strategy of developing red chili in the Agropolitan area of Serang Regency is in quadrant I where it supports aggressive strategies that describe a very good situation because it has opportunities and strength, so that it can take advantage of existing opportunities, strategies that must be implemented are supporting aggressive growth policies. In supporting an aggressive growth policy the priority strategy that can be applied in the effort of developing agribusiness for chili farming in attacking agropolitan regency is to carry out the five farming strategies, planting using superior seeds and utilizing soil fertility and optimizing human resources so that production resources are limited and attacks plant disease organisms can be overcome.

Development of the Methods Improving the Production Costs Formation Process

On the basis of the developed model and the basic scheme for improving the process of formation of production costs, a technique allowing to optimise the operation of the construction complex enterprises cost mechanism by selecting the best option for the ratio of the influence of production cost factors levels to cost indicators and their manageability levels is being proposed.

Estimating production costs of preadult redclaw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus, reared in a commercial nursery system: A stochastic bioeconomic approach

A stochastic bioeconomic model was used to estimate the production cost and risk factors affecting economic performance of juvenile redclaw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus, commercial nursery production, in a farm located in Baja California Sur, Mexico. At harvest, the biological submodel showed there is 95% confidence to obtain an average weight of 19.98 g, with 126,341/ha surviving organisms, representing 84% survival. Biomass was 2.5 t/ha, with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.98, reflecting the efficient adaptation of the species to culture conditions. The economic submodel showed that at Day 90, there is 95% confidence that the cost of producing a preadult will be US$0.090 or US$4.55/kg. With increasing demand and worldwide sale prices of US$9/kg, there is a potential market for 20–30 g redclaw reared in intensive lined ponds. Sensitivity analyses showed that the regression coefficients from a second‐order polynomial used for calculation of FCR associated with time (a2anda1) were the most important parameters influencing the production cost. Mortality rate and parameters used to calculate individual weight also had considerable influence on production cost. The bioeconomic analysis contributes significantly to establishing the economic viability of the intensive three‐phase production system.

Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Ayam Broiler pada Pola dan Skala Yang Berbeda di Peternakan Rakyat Kabupaten Lumajang

This research aims to analyze the difference in the level of revenues savor independent patterns and patterns of partnership at different scales, analyze business patterns and scale venture capable of producing the most income levels are high, analyze the relationship between the pattern and scale of effort against the income level, as well as to analyze the influence of factors of production costs against revenue level savor in Lumajang. Research conducted from 1 July until 31 September 2017 using data at one time production period. Sampling determined deliberately by grouping the respondents based on a combination of the pattern of independent business and partnerships, as well as household business scale, small, and medium. The population that used as many as 60 breeders consisting of 10 samples in each group of a combination of patterns and business scale. Data analysis is an analysis of income and multiple linear regression analysis. Bound variables in this study are the level of revenues savor (Y), with free variables that comprise the cost of day-old chick (X1), feed (X2), vaccines, medications, vitamins, and disinfectants (X3), laborer (X4), preparation cost of enclosure and fuel (X5), electricity (X6), depreciation cost of enclosure and equipment (X7), and the pattern of effort selected breeders (D) to run his business. The results of the analysis showed that the level of income breeders partnership is higher than a standalone pattern breeder (3.169 rupiahs > 2.801 rupiahs), whereas small-scale dairy farmers income levels greater than large-scale ranchers and scale house appliances (3.926 rupiahs > 2.564 rupiahs > 2.466 rupiahs). Combinations of patterns of partnership with small-scale yielding the highest income levels compared to the pattern and scale of other businesses. Multiple linear regression analysis results on F test shows that that simultaneously throughout the free variables (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and D) effect significantly to the variable (Y). Results on t-test showed that partially variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X7 and influential significantly to variable Y, whereas the variable X5, X6, and D do not affect significantly to the variable Y.Keywords : Income level, Business pattern, and Business scale.

Factors affecting the fishermen household income and welfare

The desire to realize a prosperous society in the true sense is a great goal to be achieved by the Indonesian people in the system of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The potential of fishery resources can actually be utilized to increase income which will be expected to improve the welfare of fishermen households. In fact, many fishermen still have not been able to increase their catch, so the income level of fishermen households does not increase so that the welfare of the fisherman's life is still not realized. The fishery sector is the mainstay for most people as if they depend on their fishing business. This phenomenon is occurring in most parts of Indonesia, including fishermen in the coastal area of East Flores. In relation to the phenomenon, then the research questions are 1). What is the effect of production cost, technology, selling price, and fish catch on the income of fishermen in East Flores Regency? 2). What is the effect of production cost, technology, selling price, and fish catch on the welfare of fishermen households in East Flores Regency? 3). Does the income of fishermen mediate the cost of production, technology, selling prices, and the fish caught on the welfare of fishermen households in East Flores District? Research objectives: 1). Analyzing, whether the factors of production costs, technology, the selling price of fish, and the catch of fish affect the income of fishermen in East Flores Regency? 2). Analyzing factors of production cost, technology, selling price, and fish catches have an effect on to fisherman household welfare in East Flores regency. 3). Analyzing whether fisherman's income mediates the influence of production cost factor, technology, selling price and fish catch on fisherman household's prosperity in East Flores Regency. The population of this study is 7,761 people. Sampling was conducted by applying Slovin theory so that the number of samples was 99 people. Proportionate Probability Sampling method was then applied in order to determine the number of respondents. The samples of 99 respondents were interviewed based on the questionnaires provided beforehand. In the interviews, the variables obtained consist of Production cost (IDR), technology (modern and traditional), sales price (IDR), and yields (Kg), Revenue (IDR), and welfare level (measured according to Standard Bureau of Statistics with 7 indicators, namely: consumption pattern, health, Education, Security, Love, Social and Culture). The cost of production, technology, selling price, and fish catch have a significant effect on fisherman's income. Fishermen income has a positive and significant impact on the welfare of fishermen households in East Flores Regency. Indirect effect analysis found that factor of production cost, technology, and fish catch have significant influence through fisherman income to fisherman household welfare in East Flores Regency.

Value Chain Analysis of Processed Poultry Products (Egg and Meat) in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Knowing the existing nature of processed poultry and poultry products marketing system, from producer to consumer via value chain were considered among two mega Districts Dhaka and Chittagong as a respondent. A total of 123 respondent from each districts in 8 different categories of stakeholders those were directly related to this business namely 10 broiler,10 layer farmers; 10 Chain shop; 20 Fast food shops; 15 Chinese restaurants; 20 normal Hotel; 15 wet market Buyer; 20 Consumer and 3 Poultry product processing industries. All actors were randomly selected towards collection of relevant information following pretested questionnaire. Simple statistical tools were applied for analysis of collected data. Surveyed data analysis clearly revealed that for achieving margin of profit, average value addition for farmers cases 13% and 16.5% respectively for meat/kg and eggs/no; for whole seller/Aratdar added extra value 5.09% and 0.28%; and for retailer 7% and 8% level and for whole seller to consumer’s added extra value near about 7% and 5.5% and for meat and egg finally processed poultry meat 30% and further processed meat 125% respectively. During value addition consideration each and every stake holder all production cost factor along with other management activities costing were considered before marketed to one stakeholder or to others. For item-wise of value added poultry meat and eggs were found in different number and names. Average 5-6 no. meat type and 3-4 no egg type for hotel for Chinese restaurant 17-18 no meat products and 8-9 no. egg products, for fast food shop cases 28-30 no. meat products and 6-8 egg products; for chain super market 40-45 no. meat products and 7-8 no. egg products;. The total value added was found higher in Hotel especially for meat cases. Production cost for open market was found only 6.5% whereas for structured or processed market tends to estimate 40.5% because of manages mental, transportation and publicity cost incurs involvement. To flourish or gear-up of processed or further processed poultry & poultry products business in our country profitably need to be set up a well-structured marketing system in replace of wet market. Ensuring available safe and quality poultry and poultry derived food products to meet consumers demand, value chain actors especially entrepreneur public private partnership initiative need to come forward to run processed or further processed business to a great extend.

Effects of different drying methods on quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma

Different drying methods, including drying in the sun, sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and various coupling techniques,were used to dry fresh Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Characteristics, extracts and the contents of active components of all samples were compared to investigate the effects of different drying methods on quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. The results showed that the characteristics of the samples would be better with use of sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, and hot air-microwave drying. Different drying methods had little effects on extracts. Among them, the extract content was higher after hot air drying. The stilbene glycosides would transformation and the contents of Gastrodiae Rhizoma polysaccharides would decline with use of sulphur fumigation, microwave drying and infrared drying. In the comprehensive analysis of characteristics, content of active components, production cost and other factors, hot air drying or hot air-microwave drying was recommended as the first choice.

Asymmetric Game Analysis of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry Hollowing-Out

With the rapid development of global economic integration, industrial hollowing-out problem has been paid much attention by foreign and domestic scholars. Based on the current situation of China's equipment manufacturing industry, the asymmetric game model is created in this paper which integrates the strong multinational companies and the weak Chinese local companies into a united system. Considering the influence of two main factors affecting unit production cost, technology and production factor cost, importance is attached on analyzing equilibrium solutions of the asymmetric game between multinational company and Chinese local company in R&D stage and processing stage of global value chain, so as to explain the formation mechanism of China's equipment manufacturing industry hollowing-out. Suggestions for breaking through the hollowing-out obstacle are put forward accordingly.

Unit Maintenance Scheduling: A robust model, based on fuzzy cost factors and peak loads

Abstract As a mid-term planning scheduling, Unit Maintenance Scheduling (UMS) has a significant effect on Generation companies (Gencos) profit. System Operator (SO) is a central entity that provides the Gencos with related maintenance schedule. This schedule would be finalized through repetitive iterations between the SO and different Gencos in the market, to come up with a generally accepted schedule. Bidding strategy, on the other side, does affect the Gencos profit. Being considered as a short-term planning, bidding process is done on the hourly basis to determine the allocated demand to each Genco for each hour of the day. These short-term and mid-term schedules planning received enough attention in the literature, but to consider both simultaneously has not been well studied. In addition, one may not have all the information for the future periods. For production cost factors and load, an estimation can be obtained from the historical data, but that would not be the exact value and there remains an uncertainty on the value of these parameters. This would highlight the importance of developing a robust model that protect the schedule against changes in the values of these parameters, and ensure an acceptable, near optimal solution as well. In this paper, we would model the uncertainties in load and production cost factors, based on a fuzzy framework. The UMS problem is modeled and solved as a dynamic non-cooperative fuzzy game. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Simple versus diverse pastures: opportunities and challenges in dairy systems

For Australian and New Zealand dairy farms, the primary source of home-grown feed comes from grazed perennial pastures. The high utilisation of perennial pasture is a key factor in the low cost of production of Australian and New Zealand dairy systems and, hence, in their ability to maintain international competiveness. The major pasture species used are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), normally grown in a simple binary mixture. As pasture production has been further driven by increasing use of nitrogen fertiliser and irrigation, farms are getting closer to their economic optimum level of pasture utilisation. Increasing inputs and intensification have also increased scrutiny on the environmental footprint of dairy production. Increasing the diversity of pasture species within dairy swards presents opportunities to further increase pasture utilisation through additional forage production, extending the growing season, improving forage nutritive characteristics and, ultimately, increasing milk production per cow and/or per hectare. Diverse pastures also present an opportunity to mitigate some of the environmental consequences associated with intensive pasture-based dairy systems. A consistent finding of experiments investigating diverse pastures is that their benefits are due to the attributes of the additional species, rather than increasing the number of species per se. Therefore, the species that are best suited for inclusion into dairy pastures will be situation specific. Furthermore, the presence of additional species will generally require modification to the management of dairy pastures, particularly around nitrogen fertiliser and grazing, to ensure that the additional species remain productive and persistent.

Effect of Sodium Silicate Types on the High Calcium Geopolymer Concrete

Geopolymerization is an innovative technology that can transform several solid aluminosilicate materials into useful products called geopolymers. Alkali activation of aluminosilicate precursors such as waste or by-product materials from other manufacturing processes is established as one of the methods of producing sustainable binders for construction. Most of previous studies focus on low calcium pozzolanic material and very little study on high calcium material. Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) were used as main pozzolanic material in this present study. The high-calcium WPSA essentially consists of aluminosilicate modified by the presence of large amounts of calcium. It can be categorized as cementitious and pozzolanic material when Calcium Oxide (CaO) varies between 10% and 20% or greater than 20%. The chemical composition of the WPSA used in this study contains approximately 53% of CaO, this value consider very high compared with other high calcium material used by other researchers. Alkali (Na or K) hydroxides or silicates are generally used as the activating agents. Based on previous geopolymerization studies, it was estimated that the most important production cost factor is the cost of used chemicals and especially the one of Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) solution. Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) are usually used as a alkaline activators in geopolymerization process. Na2SiO3 comprises a fundamental process in geopolymerization technology. Therefore, this study aims at experimentally the polymerization stage in Na2SiO3. In this study of geopolymer concrete using powder Na2SiO3 (which makes handling easier in practice and more economic) and compares it with waterglass (liquid Na2SiO3). In this study, WPSA and alkaline liquid are being used to replaced the Portland cement to produce geopolymer concrete. The alkaline liquid that been used is the combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Na2SiO3. Two (2) series of geopolymer concrete specimens composing two (2) different type of Na2SiO3 which are powder form solution (4 Molar) and waterglass ( ready made liquid form) were adopted. In addition, present study also examined the effect of using Recycle Concrete Aggregate (RCA) to produced more green concrete. There are 144 cube specimens at size 100mm x 100mm x 100mm were prepared. The compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete specimens is tested at the age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after cured in local laboratory ambient condition. The chemical analysis using XRF/XRD and morphorlogical structure view from SEM/EDX also been examined. The result shows that the silicate phases were characterized as X-ray amorphous to semi-crystalline structures materials and the strength effect using these both silicate types (liquid and powder) are not much differ. Consequently, more economic production of geopolymers by used Na2SiO3 solution (powder) for geopolymer production.

Spatial competition for biogas production using insights from retail location models

Biogas production is an important contemporary topic within agriculture as well as bioenergy production, both from an industrial and an academic point of view. The Danish biogas sector, which has been around for many years, is still struggling to establish itself as an economically viable energy production sector. Through a two-step approach by combining a location-allocation model with a production constrained spatial interaction model, this paper addresses the dual problem of determining optimal location and production capacity. What-if scenarios, in combination with the strategic economic analysis framework developed in this paper, facilitate the analysis and discussion of how national policies can be fulfilled.The capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector should be centred on large-scale biogas production since large biogas plants are found to have 16% lower transportation costs than small biogas plants. Consequently, this minimizes the single most important production cost factor, transportation.The developed framework can be used and further developed in an analysis of how the spatial availability of, and competition for, different types of biomass can supplement each other in the development towards a bio-based economy.

Consideration of the efficacy of non-ionic vesicles in the targeted delivery of oral vaccines.

The fundamentals of this research were to exploit non-ionic surfactant technology for delivery and administration of vaccine antigens across the oral route and to gain a better understanding of vaccine trafficking. Using a newly developed method for manufacture of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes and bilosomes) lower process temperatures were adopted thus reducing antigen exposure to potentially damaging conditions. Vesicles prepared by this method offered high protection to enzymatic degradation, with only ∼10% antigen loss measured when vesicles incorporating antigen were exposed to enzyme digestion. Interestingly, when formulated using this new production method, the addition of bile salt to the vesicles offered no advantage in terms of stability within simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Considering their ability to deliver antigen to their target site, results demonstrated that incorporation of antigen within vesicles enhanced delivery and targeting of the antigen to the Peyer's Patch, again with niosomes and bilosomes offering similar efficiency. Delivery to both the Peyer's patches and mesentery lymphatics was shown to be dose dependent at lower concentrations, with saturation kinetics applying at higher concentrations. This demonstrates that in the formulation of vaccine delivery systems, the lipid/antigen dose ratio is not only a key factor in production cost, but is equally a key factor in the kinetics of delivery and targeting of a vaccine system.

Simulation of harvest operations in a static rose cultivation system

Labour is the most dominant cost factor in Dutch cut-rose production. To improve crop production systems and labour management, a generic process modelling approach was developed enabling the impact of different scenarios on labour productivity to be assessed. The crop production system with crop handling processes is defined as a stochastic discrete event system. This paper demonstrates the model flexibility and transferability by adapting an existing model developed for a mobile rose production system to a model for a static growing system for cut roses. The paper describes the adaptation process. The adapted model was validated for the harvest process at a 3.6 ha production site in the Netherlands. Work scenarios were simulated to examine effects of skill, equipment, and harvest management. The model reproduces the harvest process accurately. A seven workday validation for an average skilled harvester showed a relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) under 5% for both labour time and harvest rate. A validation over 96 days for various harvesters showed a higher RRMSE, 15.2% and 13.6% for labour time and harvest rate respectively, mainly caused by the absence of model parameters for individual harvesters. The model was successfully used in scenario studies and indicated that worker skill was an important cost factor, differences associated with harvest trolley type are small, and that an extra harvest cycle per day is only feasible when compensated by product price. Overall, the generic model concept performs well for a static growing system when extended with system specific properties and process elements.

Infrared Telephoto Design Used in Joint Transform Correlator

In order to meet the requirement of tank sight and improve the ability of Joint Transform Correlator(JTC) in target detection and recognition, the infrared telephoto system with high image quality and high performance-price ratio is designed for wavelength 8μm～12μm. Initial structure is composed of four refractive lenses. The focal length is 200 mm, the relative aperture is 1:2.6 and image field of view is 1 inch (CCD). Considering the fabrication process, production cost and other factors, the system structure is further improved. First the telephoto which is composed of four lenses is designed with normal spherical surface. Then on the basis of the original spherical structure, an aspheric surface is introduced. The optical system can be reduced into three lenses. The image quality of the whole system becomes much better. The optical system image quality is evaluated with ZEMAX optical design software. The result shows that MTF of each field is close to the diffraction-limited curve at the cut-off frequency 17lp/mm. The spot diagram RMS radiuses are smaller than the radius of Airy disk 25.35μm. The wave front aberrations for all the fields are less than 0.25λ. The telephoto can meet the requirement of target detection. Combining JTC with this infrared telephoto lens, the infrared target at longer distance can be detected and recognized.