Sale Of Products Research Articles

Value chain analysis of a women‐dominated wild‐caught mud crab fishery

AbstractA value chain analysis (VCA) is a cost‐effective tool to guide targeted value chain development interventions to address social wellbeing and environmental performance. Examining value chains through a gender lens can help design and implement interventions that enhance opportunities for women in the fisheries and address gender inequalities in the sector. We conducted a VCA in 2015 of the wild‐caught mud crab (Scylla serrata) fishery in Bua Province, Fiji. We found five main players involved in the selling of mud crabs – fishers, traders, retail shops, restaurants and exporters. The value chain was dominated by Indigenous (iTaukei) women fishers (88.1% of fishers) and characterised by low technological input, targeted largely for domestic markets or consumption, and with limited value‐adding activities. Although most women harvested mud crabs on a part‐time basis, it was an important source of income for most with 30% relying on it as their main livelihood. Despite being a lucrative commodity, there are several bottlenecks in the fishery – the relative informality of relationships amongst players in the value chain, the independent livelihood‐driven harvest behaviours of fishers, and opportunistic sale of products. As a result, the fishery did not meet the demands of the domestic market. Our study concluded the gendered‐skewness in the fishery increases the vulnerability of the chain to declines in economic productivity because of its reliance on irregular suppliers, and gender‐based constraints. However, the low frequency and intensity of harvesting and use of low technological harvesting methods meant the fishery was not over‐exploited and likely sustainable.

The impact of project‐based interorganizational networks: Evidence from the Chinese movie industry

AbstractProject‐based interorganizational networks are temporary and dynamic, and significantly different from stable networks for mass production. However, empirical studies on project‐based interorganizational networks are scant. Drawing upon the network literature and distinguishing between production and distribution networks, we investigate how the centrality of a project in industry networks and tie strength of the project's member firms affect project performance in terms of product quality and sales. Using data of 821 Chinese movie projects during 2015–2018, we find empirical evidence that a project's centrality in the production network enhances product quality and that in the distribution network elevates product sales. Interestingly, weak ties in the production team contribute to product quality while strong ties in the distribution team improve product sales. This study advances the literature on project‐based industries and interorganizational networks. It highlights the distinction between production and distribution networks in project‐based industries and sheds light on the differential roles of a project's centrality and tie strength in both networks. These findings also offer novel insights to managers in project‐based industries.

Hormone replacement therapy perspectives.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), was looked upon as a fountain of youth that kept women young and reduced cardiovascular disease. This led to a large-scale study called the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) that was conducted to show the cardiovascular benefits of HRT. This study was suspended early because of adverse side effects. The USFDA responded by slapping a "black box" warning on all HRT products. USFDA-approved bioidentical HRT formulations are safe and effective. We propose that these formulations have the "black box" warning removed so that doctors feel more confident in prescribing these products for symptoms of menopause and chronic conditions such as cardiovascular health. We propose eliminating the sale of products containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) because of the increased risk of heart attacks and breast cancers associated with this medication.

Blockchain adoption and mode selection strategies for remanufacturing supply chain under cap-and-trade policy

Environmental conservation and economic advantages have propelled the swift expansion of the remanufacturing industry. Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) delegate remanufacturing operations to third-party remanufacturers (TPRs) through outsourcing and authorization. Furthermore, blockchain technology enhances consumers’ intention to purchase remanufactured products by disclosing more product information. To investigate the impacts of blockchain on remanufacturing mode selection, this paper focuses on a competitive remanufacturing supply chain comprising an OEM and a TPR under a cap-and-trade policy. Further, four game-theoretic models are derived from whether to adopt blockchain technology and which remanufacturing mode to select. Three major findings are obtained by solving and comparing the four models: (1) Adopting blockchain does not consistently result in advantages for both the OEM and TPR, and they should adopt blockchain for information disclosure in instances where the unit blockchain adoption cost is low, and the disclosure degree of remanufactured product information is also low. (2) Compared with not adopting blockchain technology, if the unit blockchain adoption cost is low, blockchain technology will increase the remanufactured product sales, thereby fostering the advancement of remanufacturing and contributing to reducing the environmental impact. (3) Whether blockchain is adopted or not, the OEM always tends to be in the outsourcing remanufacturing mode. The TPR only opts for the outsourcing remanufacturing mode when consumers’ preference for remanufactured products is high. More importantly, adopting blockchain will likely enhance consumers’ preference for remanufactured products, potentially shifting the TPR’s inclination for remanufacturing mode from authorization to outsourcing in some instances.

Promoting sales of knowledge products on knowledge payment platforms: A large-scale study with a machine learning approach

With the digital transformation of the global economy, a new mode of knowledge service has emerged on open innovation platforms such as those for the sharing economy. This mode is the paid knowledge-sharing service, where knowledge providers share knowledge with only those who have paid for it. Since an individual customer's purchases are influenced by others around them, we adopted social influence theory to explain sales of such services on paid knowledge-sharing platforms. A machine learning approach was applied to analyze 27,223 text reviews from the Zhihu Live platform (a well-known and large-scale open knowledge community in China). Hierarchical regression models were built to verify twelve proposed hypotheses about the knowledge providers, knowledge quality, interaction quality, and ratings. The results confirm the positive effect on sales of responsiveness (a dimension of interaction quality), and the negative effect on sales of free provider-driven knowledge contributions.In summary, this study provides a comprehensive framework for antecedent factors of sales of knowledge-sharing services. By introducing to knowledge management notions from the field of e-commerce (e.g., price, quality), this study broadens the understanding of the free-to-paid phenomenon on knowledge-sharing platforms.

Analysis of the Influence of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, and Interest Rate on the Export of Halal Products in Indonesia Year 2018-2022

The global market for halal products is now developing at an extremely fast pace. Every year, there is a growing need for halal items. The reality is that Indonesia, the largest Muslim nation, is still under government scrutiny due to its poor exports of halal goods to the global halal market and its significant lag behind non-Muslim nations. This study used a quantitative methodology and multiple linear regression analysis to assess secondary data that was obtained via the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia’s official websites. According to the partial research findings, the Rupiah exchange rate (X2) and the inflation variable (X1) have a favorable impact on Indonesia’s export of halal items (Y) from 2018 to 2022; however, interest rates (X3) have a negative impact. Indonesia’s halal product exports were impacted concurrently in 2018–2022 by the following variables: interest rates (X3), the Rupiah exchange rate (X2), and the inflation variable (X1). In terms of Islamic economics, export is allowed since it is a type of commerce that involves the purchase and sale of products and services. All transactions involving these kinds of transactions must adhere to Islamic law, one of which concerns the halalness of the goods and services being delivered. Keywords: exports of halal products, inflation, Rupiah exchange rates, interest rates

ТІНЬОВІ ВІДНОСИНИ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ТА ОБІГУ ПРОДУКЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ ТА НАПРЯМИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЇМ

Introduction. The sector of national agricultural production and sales of plant products has significant volumes of the shadow economy. First of all, it is about shadow farming on the land and shadow circulation of plant products. Both the owners of the land, who manage non-publicly, and the economy of the country in general suffer from such negative phenomena. Moreover, shadow agrarian production affects other related industries, which increases the scope of the consequences of the illegal economy. Problem Statement. The problem of shadow production and circulation of plant products is complex and has existed for more than a decade. Attempts to solve this problem have not yielded real results so far. There are objective and subjective factors that have caused the existence of shadow production and circulation of plant products in Ukraine. After all, a situation has developed in the country, in which some business entities cannot manage land publicly for a number of objective reasons, while others benefit from shadow management. Participants in the shadow circulation of crop production are land owners who manage their own land alone or give land for use without registering the right to lease. The beneficiaries of the shadow circulation of crop production are land tenants, suppliers of commodity and material values for crop production, buyers of crop production and other subjects who seek and are able to receive profits from shadow operations. The purpose is to justify the necessity of detinization of land management processes and the circulation of plant products. Methods. The following methods are used: abstract-logical, systematization, dialectical and formal logic, expert evaluations. Results. Shadow farming on the land and shadow circulation of plant products were studied. A number of factors have been identified that cause the existence of shadow farming on land and the shadow circulation of plant products. The necessity and possibility of ending shadow farming on the land and the shadow circulation of plant products have been proven. Conclusions. The problems of shadow management on land and shadow circulation of plant products can be solved through legal, institutional and organizational mechanisms, the application of which will be aimed at creating conditions under which public management on land will provide the producer with more economic benefits than shadow management.

Vegetable Product Pricing Replenishment Strategy Based on WOA

In fresh food superstores, the freshness date of general vegetable commodities tends to be relatively short, and the quality of vegetable commodities will deteriorate with the delay of the sales time. Therefore, how to allow supermarkets to ensure that the daily replenishment of the amount of market demand for various types of vegetable products while trying to meet the premise of maximizing their profits has become an urgent problem, this study aims to propose an innovative vegetable product prediction model based on big data, which adopts the SARIMA model to accurately predict the daily replenishment amount of each type of vegetable product in supermarkets. Meanwhile, based on the replenishment amount, the WOA model takes the addition coefficient and sales of different vegetable products as the dependent variable, and the final profit as the independent variable. The corresponding pricing strategy is formulated to maximize the profitability of the supermarket. Through solving the model, it is found that the maximum profit of the supermarket's vegetable products in the next week is 3,649.65 yuan.

Pengaruh Pengalaman Usaha dan Strategi Promosi Viral terhadap Peningkatan Penjualan Produk Usaha Mikro Kecil Ditinjau dari Perspektif Bisnis Islam

This research aims to determine the influence of business experience and viral promotion strategies on increasing sales of micro and small culinary business products in Bandar Lampung City. This type of research is descriptive research. Descriptive research is research that is directed at providing symptoms, facts or events systematically and accurately, regarding the characteristics of a particular population or area. The sampling technique in this research uses data collection techniques: Library Research and Questionnaires. The research results used partial hypothesis testing (t test) which showed that business experience had a significant negative effect on increasing sales. Viral promotion strategies have a positive and significant effect on increasing sales. Simultaneous hypothesis testing (f test) shows

Should live broadcasting platforms adopt artificial intelligence? A sales effort perspective

We analytically investigate a supply chain (SC) that is composed of a manufacturer and a live broadcasting platform, and examine whether the latter should adopt artificial intelligence (AI) considering sales effort. We consider several important factors that affect the SC partners’ decision-making including live broadcasting power, consumer expectations of the product, and unfit probability that the consumer is unsatisfied with the bought product. Specifically, the “live broadcasting power” refers to the power of influencers’ personal influence and fans group to enhance product sales. The results are as follows: First, the optimal production quantity of the offline channel (platform) exhibits a positive (negative) correlation with the retail price of the offline channel in the agency mode with AI. Nevertheless, in the resale mode, the retail price of the offline channel has no influence on the two channels’ optimal production quantities. Second, with low marginal cost of adopting AI, the live broadcasting platform should (not) adopt AI under high (low) live broadcasting power. With high marginal cost of adopting AI, the live broadcasting platform should (not) adopt AI under low or high (moderate) live broadcasting power. In addition, the manufacturer without AI should select the agency mode (resale mode) under high (low) live broadcasting power, while the manufacturer with AI should always collaborate with the live broadcasting platform implementing the agency mode. Finally, the agency and resale modes can achieve coordination between the two firms. We also consider the partial unfit probability, hybrid mode, and “webrooming” behavior to extend our study, and numerically demonstrate our analytical findings’ robustness.

An Investigation into the Pricing and Replenishment Strategy of Vegetable Commodities in Fresh Food Shops

Fresh supermarkets face challenges in marketing and inventory management due to the short shelf life and high loss rate of fresh vegetables. This necessitates the immediate development of a practical replenishment plan and pricing strategy. The paper commences by analyzing the sales distribution patterns of various vegetable categories, identifying leaves and flowers as having notably higher sales compared to other categories. Subsequent examination of the sales trend over time reveals variations in the sales of different categories or individual vegetables across months or quarterly periods, indicating a degree of seasonality. This study calculates the Spearman correlation coefficient for each category and individual product sales, presenting the results in a heat map. Findings indicate a significant positive correlation among all vegetable categories except for solanaceae, implying bundled sales or a consumer tendency to purchase specific vegetable categories concurrently. Consequently, when formulating replenishment and pricing strategies, considering a rational sales mix is crucial. The paper constructs a linear regression model, solving the equation using the least squares approach, and identifies a negative association between sales volume and cost-plus pricing. To accommodate seasonal patterns, the Prophet time series model forecasts wholesale prices for various vegetable categories during July 1-7, 2023. The objective is to maximize profit by accurately predicting vegetable costs. A nonlinear programming model is formulated to achieve this objective, determining the maximum revenue from days 1 to 7 as ￥(108953.65 - K), where K represents the fixed indirect cost. The model optimizes replenishment and pricing strategies for different categories.

Influencer Marketing and Consumer Engagement: The Role of Food Experts in Shaping Attitudes Towards Organic Products

The Covid-19 pandemic has spurred a consumer trend toward embracing healthier lifestyles and diets. Leveraging primary studies centered on influencer marketing and its influence on consumer behavior, this study aims to scrutinize and evaluate the effect of Food Expert Influencers on consumers' attitudes towards organic products. Our conceptual model, utilizing the theory of social comparison, contributes to formulating hypotheses based on which specific characteristics of Food Expert Influencers are capable of influencing and impacting consumer behavior towards organic foods. On the basis of survey data collected from 306 respondents, structural equation modeling was employed to test our hypotheses and measure the proposed conceptual model. The results indicated that influencers' sexual orientation, appealing lifestyle, specialized knowledge in a particular domain, personal traits like beauty or sex appeal, and their follower count exert a considerable influence on consumer behavior, notably fostering positive attitudes towards organic products. These findings hold substantial theoretical implications, offering crucial insights for marketing strategies in the organic food products sector, as well as for corporate social responsibility. They underscore the importance of carefully selecting influencers who resonate with the target demographics and can forge authentic connections with them. Moreover, the results suggest that harnessing the credibility of Food Experts of Influence (FEIs) can influence consumer behavior and potentially bolster the sales of organic products.

Efficient Strategic Pricing in a Dual-Channel Stackelberg Supply Chain: Incorporating Remanufacturing and Sales Commissions across Multiple Periods

The rise of e-commerce has significantly impacted consumer shopping habits, resulting in profit loss for traditional supply chains. In response to intense competition, numerous companies have transitioned their business models to embrace dual-channel configurations, seeking to captivate customers and increase their market share. Nonetheless, research on decentralized dual-channel supply chain configurations is scarce and predominantly concentrates on single-period pricing. This paper addresses this gap by employing Stackelberg’s game theory to investigate the multi-periodic pricing and remanufacturing decisions within a decentralized dual-channel supply chain with reverse logistics, specialized in the manufacturing and sales of pharmaceutical products. Moreover, this work considers that the online channel pays a sales commission to the pharmacy in return for the provided after-sales services, aiming to incorporate the aspect of sharing revenues. A mathematical formulation is proposed in a multi-periodic environment allowing us to simultaneously maximize the total profits of the manufacturer, the pharmacy and the online channel, by optimizing the pricing and remanufacturing strategies. Numerical analyses examine the customer purchasing preference’s effect on the demand and pricing decisions of each channel, the impact of the collection cost on the optimal remanufacturing strategy, and assess the break-even point of the total profits generated in both channels according to the sales commission. This study’s novelty lies in employing Stackelberg’s game theory to develop a mathematical formulation for the multi-periodic pricing and remanufacturing problem within a decentralized dual-channel supply chain, incorporating a sales commission between both distributors.

The cost bearing mechanism for advertising in a capital-constrained supply chain

With rising market competition, increasing numbers of firms are launching adverting to attract customers and promote product sales. The increase in operating costs caused by advertising places greater pressure on small retail businesses that are prone to capital shortages, leading them to seek financing from upstream firms. However, in the financing process, upstream and downstream firms may not be able to acquire all of one another's real information, which inevitably has a significant impact on their operating strategies. In this paper, by constructing a Stackelberg game, we study the effects of information asymmetry on the retailer's initial capital and the manufacturer's financing rate on their advertising strategies. We find that in a capital-constrained supply chain with symmetric information, when the advertising cost coefficient is low, manufacturer advertising is the superior strategy and increases the profits of the retailer and the manufacturer, consumer surplus and social welfare; when it is moderate, retailer advertising is the superior policy; but when it is high, retailer advertising is more beneficial for the manufacturer's profit, consumer surplus and social welfare but is more unfavorable for the retailer's profit. In addition, information asymmetry on the manufacturer's financing rate affects the advertising strategies of the manufacturer and the retailer, but information asymmetry on the retailer's initial capital fails. Additionally, we further extend the model to the Nash game scenario and cooperative advertising scenario and draw some different conclusions. The findings provide new theoretical implications for the formulation of firm advertising strategies.

The Application of Digitalization Skills of Business Actors Mediates The Impact of Business on MSME Performance

The Application of Digitalization Skills of Business Actors Mediates The Impact of Business on MSME Performance

The Impact and Opportunities of Digital Economy on Rural Revitalization

This study explores how the digital economy influences and provides opportunities for the rejuvenation of rural areas. Positioned as a crucial element in the contemporary global economy, the digital economy opens up fresh possibilities for the growth and revitalization of rural regions. The research reveals that the extensive application of digital technologies has transformed the operational methods in various sectors of rural economies, education, healthcare, finance, and agriculture. Digital technologies, such as rural e-commerce and smart agriculture, have provided rural residents with new economic opportunities, fostering economic growth and the sale of agricultural products. Remote education and digital skills training contribute to elevating the knowledge and skills of rural residents, thereby increasing employment prospects. Digital financial services enhance financial inclusivity in rural areas, aiding rural residents in better financial management. Furthermore, the development of digital healthcare services improves rural healthcare by providing opportunities for remote medical consultations and diagnoses. The digital economy's influence contributes to the enhancement of living standards among rural residents, fosters the development of rural infrastructure, and improves governance within rural communities. Digital technologies also contribute to enhancing the environmental sustainability of rural regions, reducing resource wastage and environmental pollution. These opportunities provide new impetus for rural revitalization and are expected to assist rural areas in achieving their sustainable development objectives. However, the digital economy also presents challenges, including the digital divide, privacy and security issues, barriers to technology adoption, knowledge and skill disparities, as well as social, cultural, navigating through these challenges demands thorough policies and strategies, aiming to optimize the digital economy's potential while guaranteeing that rural residents fully capitalize on the opportunities it offers. To sum up, the digital economy provides extensive possibilities for rejuvenating rural areas, enhancing living standards, fostering economic growth, and fostering sustainable development in rural communities. However, fully realizing these opportunities necessitates overcoming a series of challenges, devising appropriate policies, and enhancing the adoption and application of digital technologies. This will aid in attaining the objectives of rural rejuvenation and advancing sustainable development in rural areas.

Index of profitability of livestock production in Ukraine

Index of profitability of livestock production in Ukraine

Increasing Strategies Sales MSMES Product of XBAG Malang Digitally Through E-Commerce

The purpose of this study is to understand the digital marketing strategies used by the e-commerce project "XBAG MALANG" to increase its bag sales. This study was conducted using qualitative methods and a case study design. Information is collected through interviews, observations, and interviewing. The subjects are the owners and employees of the enterprise "XBAG MALANG". Research results show that "XBAG MALANG" adopts digital marketing strategies such as product optimization, marketing, and customer service. However, existing SEO optimization, product differentiation, cataloging, and customer service management strategies were not effective. The digital marketing strategy of "XBAG MALANG" still faces financial and manpower constraints. Therefore, it is recommended that XBAG MALANG improve human skills and understand digital marketing, adopt new technologies and analyze customer information to optimize strategies and increase product sales.

Multi Level Marketing From A Sharia Economic Perspective

Multi-level marketing (MLM) is a business model in which a company sells products through a network of independent distributors. From a sharia economic perspective, MLM often causes debate because some of its practices can be questioned from a sharia compliance perspective. First of all, MLM emphasizes the aspect of buying and selling products, which is in line with sharia economic principles which encourage legitimate business activities and avoid usurious or speculative transactions. However, many MLMs face criticism because they tend to focus more on recruiting new members than actual product sales. This is contrary to sharia principles which emphasize justice and honesty in business. Second, in MLM, there is an element of profit sharing which is usually disproportionate between the company, distributors and network members. In sharia economics, the distribution of profits must be fair and balanced, and practices that cause injustice in the distribution of profits must be avoided.

MENGANGKAT POTENSI UMKM: STRATEGI DIGITAL MARKETING UNTUK SUKSES PEMASARAN

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy. Nowadays, MSMEs are expected to be able to make the best use of technology, one of which is the world of digital marketing. However, there are still many MSME players who do not understand and utilize digital marketing optimally. This is caused by several factors, such as limited knowledge and skills in the field of digital technology, as well as a lack of understanding of the benefits and potential that can be obtained from digital marketing. This article examines the use of counseling as a tool for community empowerment, provides recommendations and strategies for MSMEs, and becomes a reference for parties interested in developing MSMEs and using digital marketing. The survey method is a research approach that involves collecting data from a representatively selected sample of the population. The goal is to obtain general information and characteristics about the population. Data is collected and analyzed from respondent data that represents a larger population. The results of the article show that the knowledge of MSME players about digital marketing increased after the outreach activities. The application of digital marketing has had a positive impact on sales of MSME products and resulted in a significant spike in sales. Apart from that, the introduction of digital marketing for MSME products also increases MSME turnover. This has a positive impact on brand awareness and consumer trust, which will ultimately influence consumer purchasing decisions. So, digital marketing counseling is effective in empowering MSMEs and improving their business performance. This is an important reference for parties interested in developing MSMEs and utilizing digital marketing. MSMEs are the backbone of the economy, they need to take advantage of technology. The article examines extension to empower MSMEs, provides recommendations. Surveys show an increase in digital marketing for MSMEs.