Product Property Research Articles

The asymptotically additive topological pressure: variational principle for non-compact and intersection of irregular sets

ABSTRACTLet be a dynamical system, where is a compact metric space and is a continuous map. Using the concepts of g-almost product property and uniform separation property introduced by Pfister and Sullivan in Pfister and Sullivan [On the topological entropy of saturated sets, Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 27 (2007), pp. 929–956], we give a variational principle for certain non-compact with relation to the asymptotically additive topological pressure. We also study the set of points that are irregular for a collection finite or infinite of asymptotically additive sequences and we show that carried the full asymptotically additive topological pressure. These results are suitable for systems such as mixing shifts of finite type, β-shifts, repellers and uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.

Indecomposable involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation

We describe the indecomposable involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation as dynamical extensions of non-degenerate left cycle sets. Moreover we characterize the indecomposable dynamical extensions and we produce several examples. As an application we construct a family of finite indecomposable solutions whose structure groups have not the unique product property.

Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus

Recently, a definition of fractional which refers to classical calculus form called conformable fractional calculus has been introduced. The main idea of the concept of conformable fractional calculus is how to determine the derivative and integral with fractional order either rational numbers or real numbers. One of the most popular definitions of conformable fractional calculus is defined by Katugampola which is used in this study. This definition satisfies in some respects of classical calculus involved conformable fractional derivative and conformable fractional integral. In the branch of conformable fractional derivatives, some of the additional results such as analysis of fractional derivative in quotient property, product property and Rolle theorem are given. An application on classical calculus such as determining monotonicity of function is also given. Then, in the case of fractional integral, this definition showed that the fractional derivative and the fractional integral are inverses of each other. Some of the classical integral properties are also satisfied on conformable fractional integral. Additionally, this study also has shown that fractional integral acts as a limit of a sum. After that, comparison properties on fractional integral are provided. Finally, the mean value theorem and the second mean value theorem are also applicable for fractional integral.

Accelerated 2D FWI using the symmetry on inner product spaces

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a common technique used in the oil and gas industry due to its capabilities to estimate subsurface characteristics such as material’s density and sound velocity with high resolution. The 2D time domain FWI method involves the modeling of the forward wavefield of the source and the backpropagated field of the difference between the modeled and observed data. Therefore, due to its high computational cost in terms of RAM consumption and execution time, the High Performance Computing (HPC) field is very useful to deal with these problems. There are computational state-of-the-art solutions that allow to increase the execution time such as the parallel programming paradigm that involves the use of multicore processor systems. Furthermore, there are mathematical solutions leveraging on the properties of the algorithm used that make it possible to enhance performance of the method. We propose in this paper a new way to compute the FWI gradient, by taking advantage of an inner product property. Additionally, a computational strategy is combined with this proposal in the inversion scheme, thus improving FWI performance.

Investigation of physical properties of magnetoelectric LaFeO3–ErMnO3 lead-free nanocomposites

Magnetoelectric coupling has been investigated in lead-free nanocomposites of LaFeO3x–ErMnO3 (1−x) (x = 0.2 and 0.3) prepared by pyrophoric reaction process having piezomagnetic phase of LaFeO3 and piezoelectric phase of ErMnO3, while this nanocomposite reveals the signature of product property, i.e., Magnetoelectric coupling and magnetocapacitance effect (~ 50%) at room temperature attribute the enhancement of space charge polarisation of nanoparticles. Coexistence of both phases in nanocomposites is confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. Electrical susceptibility corresponds to the domain wall motion due to electrostriction property. Temperature-dependent impedance analysis provides the evidence of space charge accumulation in nanocomposites exhibiting negative temperature coefficient resistance effect of the sample. The estimated activation energy from the Arrhenius fit suggests the hopping of carriers between La2+ and La3+ and Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the materials. The importance of the present study is the developing urge to know the details of magnetoelectric coupling and transport properties of a system for its technological applications.

Hydrothermal synthesis of beta zeolite from industrial silica sol as silicon source

The traditional silicon sources for beta zeolite synthesis are solid silica gel, carbon-white or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which makes the material cost even higher. Herein, beta zeolite synthesis by hydrothermal method with industrial silica sol as silicon source was investigated. The effects of synthesis conditions on product property were investigated in detail, including template content, crystallization temperature, crystallization time and alkalinity of hydrothermal system. The products properties, such as crystallinity, pore structure, morphology and acid properties were thoroughly characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, SEM, TEM, Py-FTIR and NH3-TPD. The optimum condition for synthesis of beta zeolite using industrial silica sol as silicon source was finally determined. Compared with commercial beta zeolite, the as-synthesized beta zeolite had higher relative crystallinity, higher total and microporous specific surface area with higher total concentration and B/L ratio of acid sites.

Effects of interactions between corncob volatiles and lignite on their products during rapid co-pyrolysis

The interactions of corncob volatiles and lignite in the process of rapid co-pyrolysis and the effects on their product distributions and properties were examined for the efficient co-utilization of biomass and lignite. A novel two-stage, three-tube reactor was used to do co-pyrolysis experiments, which allowed the verification of interactions occurred only between corncob volatile and lignite. Raw corncob and its demineralized sample were employed for studying the different interactions of organic radical fragments and AAEMs in corncob volatiles on lignite. It was found that the interactions resulted in the decreased liquid yields but increased gas yields, and varied oxidative reactivity of lignite char by changing its chemical structure. There exist different effects on product distribution and property for organic radical fragments and AAEMs in corncob volatiles. The former could promote the interaction of nascent char-volatiles and accelerate the stabilization of radical fragments, the latter mainly catalyzed the decomposition reaction of corncob matrix below 700 °C, while mainly volatilized and catalyzed the reactions between volatiles in gaseous phase when the temperature was above 700 °C.

Towards efficiently searching triple product property triples: Deterministic and randomized algorithms

The key objects in the group-theoretic approach to matrix multiplication are subsets of a group satisfying the so-called triple product property (TPP). In this paper, we focus on the problem of efficiently finding the triple product property triples. We deduce and present some new characteristics of the tripleproduct property. Using these new characteristics, we firstly propose an efficient deterministic algorithm in which a screening process based on historical information is designed to reduce the search space. In contrast to some of the recent heuristic search methods, the proposed deterministic algorithm can search all kinds of TPP triples in a highly efficient way with the help of a novel representation for subsets and a Moving 1 principle. In addition, we also propose an efficient randomized algorithm for finding TPP triples, which adopts a greedy randomized strategy to randomly generate possible TPP candidates. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed deterministic algorithm can achieve a huge speed-up in terms of running time compared with the existing deterministic algorithm, and the proposed randomized algorithm outperforms other existing approaches for finding TPP triples.

D-Complete Posets: Local Structural Axioms, Properties, and Equivalent Definitions

Although d-complete posets arose along the interface between algebraic combinatorics and Lie theory, they are defined using only requirements on their local structure. These posets are a mutual generalization of rooted trees, shapes, and shifted shapes. They possess Stanley’s hook product property for their P-partition generating functions and Schutzenberger’s well-defined jeu de taquin rectification property. The original definition of d-complete poset was lengthy, but more succinct definitions were later developed. Here several definitions are shown to be equivalent. The basic properties of d-complete posets are summarized. Background and a partial bibliography for these posets is given.

Piezopotential in a bended composite fiber made of a semiconductive core and of two piezoelectric layers with opposite polarities

We study the bending of a composite fiber of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors. The top and bottom piezoelectric layers are polarized in the opposite directions. A theoretical analysis is performed using a one-dimensional model. It is shown that mechanical loads trigger the redistribution of mobile charges in such a composite fiber. Thus the composite fiber exhibits piezotronic couplings like a homogeneous piezoelectric semiconducting fiber. The couplings are not a direct effect, but similar to a product property due to the particular design of the present composite. The electromechanical and semiconducting behaviors of the composite fiber and the effects of various parameters on piezotronic couplings are calculated and examined. It is observed that piezotronic couplings in these composite fibers are sensitive to material and geometric parameters and can be optimized through design. Different from the previous work on ZnO fiber where the mobile charges are driven to the top and bottom surfaces of the fiber, in the present composite fiber the mobile charges are driven to the two ends of the fiber. The present theoretical analysis of the composite fiber offers an important method for developing novel piezotronic devices.

Influence of process conditions on the product properties in a continuous fluidized bed spray granulation process

This work focuses on continuously operated spray granulation processes in horizontal fluidized beds highlighting the influence of process conditions on the particle properties of the resulting product granules. The drying process has a decisive influence on the kinetics of the growth rate and thus also on the properties of the particles, such as the morphological structure, particle moisture content and porosity as well as density, compression strength and the wetting behavior. This influence has been considered in this study in more detail on the basis of the model material sodium benzoate. In order to compare the produced granules at different drying conditions and spray rates of the suspension an external product classification was used to achieve a certain product granule size. The obtained experimental results show a deep influence of the thermal conditions onto granule morphology and structural properties, which is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations (Rieck et al., 2015; Hoffmann et al., 2015a; Schmidt et al., 2017b). The overall trend of the results reveal smoother product granules with decreasing spray rates of the suspension and increasing drying temperatures. These smoother surface morphologies lead to a more homogeneous layering which has as a consequence that the internal particle porosity is decreasing while the solids density and the compression strength of the particles are increasing at the same time. In this study the purely qualitative classification of the surface texture from previous experimental studies was extended by the topographic analysis of the product granules, giving the possibility to quantify the morphological structure by means of roughness measurements. This makes the morphological design accessible as product property and permits the utilization of models that describe the morphology according to the process conditions.

Use of Passive Age Sensors for Projecting Remaining Thermal Life of Materials

This paper proposes use of passive thermal age sensors and empirical correlation models to project remaining useful life of thermally degradable products and materials. Thermal age sensors, comprising a selected polymeric matrix and conductive fillers, change resistance as the matrix thermally degrades in the same thermal environment as the monitored product or material. Thermal age sensor resistance represents the integrated time-temperature condition of the sensor at its characteristic activation energy. Empirical models correlate sensor resistance to a selected property of the material utilizing multi-temperature thermal aging data of the monitored material. These correlation models project the current condition of the selected product property, or, if end-of-life properties are specified, these models project the percentage of remaining design life of the material. Several applications of this approach are discussed utilizing thermal age sensors attached to monitored materials. An approach utilizing two thermal age sensors is introduced that allows a single tag to predict selected properties of many different materials. PHM tags utilizing passive thermal age sensors do not require an internal source of electrical power or internal memory, eliminating the need for batteries and significantly reducing data management issues. This approach can be expanded to a wide range of products and materials when sufficient thermal age data is available.

Drying characteristics of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) slices in a hot air dryer and physicochemical properties of jujube powder

The hot air convective drying characteristics of sliced jujube fruits were investigated. Drying experiments were carried out at three different temperatures (60, 70 and 80 °C) and three different air velocity (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 m·s−1). All drying experiments had only falling rate period. The average effective diffusivity values varied from 1.2 × 10−9 to 3.55 × 10−9 m2·s−1 over the temperature and velocity range studied and the activation energy was estimated to be 28.183 kJ·mol−1 by modified Arrhenius Equation. In order to select a suitable form of the drying curve, seven different thin layer drying model was investigated and Page and Wangh and Singh models were considered the best to explain the drying of the jujube slices. Also, the influence of varied drying temperatures and velocity were investigated on physicochemical properties of the jujube powder. It was observed that moisture content and water activity values, which are an important powder product property, decrease with increasing temperature. It was found that the powder product obtained has different particle properties depending on the air temperature and velocity and therefore has different bulk and reconstitution properties. Within the scope of chemical analyzes, it was observed that the sugar content of the powder products is considerably high due to low moisture content. Also, according to the total phenolic content analysis, the higher temperature resulted in the lower total phenolic content.

What Affects the Secondhand Value of Smartphones: Evidence from eBay

SummaryReuse via secondhand markets can extend the use phase of products, thereby reducing environmental impacts. Analyzing 500,000 listings of used Apple and Samsung smartphones sold in 2015 and 2016 via eBay, we examine which product properties affect how long smartphones retain market value and facilitate market‐based reuse. Our results suggest that although repairability and large memory size are typically thought to be “life extending,” in practice they have limited impact on the current economic life span of smartphones and their market‐based reuse. In contrast, we show that brand, an intangible product property, can extend smartphones’ economic life span by 12.5 months. Because longer economic life spans imply extended use phases and longer life spans overall, these results illustrate the potential of harnessing the intangible properties of products to promote sustainable consumption.

Tutorial: Product properties in multiferroic nanocomposites

The coupling between magnetic and electric subsystems in composites of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases is a product property that is facilitated by mechanical strain that arises due to magnetostriction and the piezoelectric effect in the constituent phases. Such multiferroic composites are of immense interests for studies on the physics of electromagnetic coupling and for use in a variety of applications. Here, we focus on magneto-electric (ME) coupling in nanocomposites. Particular emphasis is on core-shell particles and coaxial fibers, thin film heterostructures, and planar structures with a variety of mechanical connectivity. A brief review of models that predict strong ME effects in nanostructures is followed by synthesis and characterization. Core-shell particulate composites can be prepared by hydrothermal processes and chemical or deoxyribonucleic acid-assisted assembly. Electrospinning techniques have been utilized to prepare defect free core-shell nanofibers. Core-shell particles and fibers can be assembled into superstructures with the aid of magnetic and electric fields and characterized for possible use in advanced technologies. Chemical-vapor deposition techniques have been shown to be effective for the preparation of heterostructures of ferrites and ferroelectrics. Exotic planar multiferroic structures with potential for enhancing ME coupling strengths are also considered. Scanning probe microscopy techniques are ideal for probing the nature of direct- and converse-ME coupling in individual nanostructures. Magnetoelectric characterization of assemblies of nanocomposites can be done by ME voltage coefficient, magnetic field induced polarization, and magneto-dielectric effects. We conclude with a brief discussion on possible avenues for strengthening the product properties in the nanocomposites.

Piezotronic effects in the extension of a composite fiber of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors

We study the extension of a composite fiber of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors. A theoretical analysis is performed using a one-dimensional model. It is shown that mechanical loads cause redistribution of mobile charges in such a composite fiber. Thus, the composite fiber exhibits piezotronic couplings like a homogeneous piezoelectric semiconducting fiber. The couplings are a product property of the composite, enabling the design of piezotronics devices beyond materials with direct piezotronics couplings. The basic behavior of the composite fiber and the effects of various parameters on piezotronic couplings are calculated and examined. It is observed that piezotronic couplings in these fibers are sensitive to material and geometric parameters and can be optimized through design.

Modelling tool for solving manufactoring system dysfunction in rubber seed oil based alkyd resin preparation

Variability in production output, low quality, wastes, and downtimes are serious production problems which manufacturers of alkyd resin product are facing and it invariably affect manufacturers’ economic performance and the nation economic growth which are often caused by differences in process temperatures and length of the resin. There is a strong incentive in controlling the end of the batch product property values so as to minimize the variability in product quality. This study seeks to investigate the relationship among variables capable of affecting the production process output of rubber seed oil based alkyd resin. A random survey of relevant literature was conducted to gather relevant information required that are capable of causing a dysfunction in the manufacturing process of rubber seed oil based alkyd resin for use in anti-corrosion paint application. The sensitivity and versatile applicability of opinion discrimination analysis as an off-line tool for dealing with these types of problems was apt. Our result showed that there is a strong relationship between temperature, catalyst, absence of catalyst, length of resin, acidic content, water resistance which can be manipulated to appreciably reduce product degradation and control process variability. Moreover, we showed that opinion discrimination analysis modelling tool can be used to determine the need to understand production process approach for alkyd resin. The study has ably demonstrated that opinion discrimination analytical modelling tool is very effective in fault diagnosis. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v37i3.19

MARKETING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Marketing is variously defined. However, it is most often perceived as a process described in the Marketing-mix 4P, Marketing-mix 5p and Marketing-mix 7P and created values for consumers. The new marketing-mix concept developed by the authors (Product, Patent and other Intellectual Property Rights; Price; Promotion; People; Process; Physical evidence) has important practical implications for innovative enterprises, especially those that base their market activity on new information technologies. The model thus developed is an integral part of the rail model developed by the authors, which combines marketing strategies (market penetration, product development, market development, diversification) with strategies for protection of intellectual property resources (patent, sale, license, franchise) DOI: 10.15276/mdt.2.2.2018.2

Selective Crystallization of Four Tungstates (La2W3O12, La2W2O9, La14W8O45, and La6W2O15) via Hydrothermal Reaction and Comparative Study of Eu3+ Luminescence.

Hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C was systematically undertaken in wide ranges of solution pH (4-13) and W/La molar ratio ( R = 0.5-2), without using any organic additive, to investigate the effect of hydrothermal parameter on product property and the underlying mechanism. Combined analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, elemental mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that either a decreasing pH or increasing R value yielded a product richer in W and, conversely, richer in La. The results were interpreted from the solution chemistry of La3+ and tungstate ions. As an outcome of our 40 well-designed experiments, four La tungstates-La2W3O12, La2W2O9, La14W8O45, and La6W2O15-were successfully obtained in a phase-pure form by calcining their hydrothermal precursors. Phase and morphology evolution, structure features, and properties of Eu3+ emission were, for the first time, comparatively investigated for the four compounds. Spectral analysis found that the 5 at. % Eu3+-doped La2W3O12 phosphor exhibits the highest quantum efficiency (∼47%), more red component, and the shortest fluorescence lifetime of luminescence (∼0.72 ms).

Current challenges for sustainable product development in the German automotive sector: A survey based status assessment

Abstract Since 2015/16, dieselgate has initiated transformations of the automotive industry towards the integration of sustainability into the product development process. The present study combines a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured expert interviews, with a quantitative online survey to identify the current status of this implementation. The objective of the paper is to provide an overview on how German automotive companies currently deal with challenges and chances of a sustainable product development. The study obtained the following core conclusions: (1) A common understanding of the term sustainability is missing and a company-wide definition would be beneficial. (2) There is no consensus on the optimal organizational embedment for sustainability into a company. A centralized responsibility plus distributed awareness was identified as the most promising solution. (3) As a matter of supply and demand, automotive companies will not over-satisfy the customers’ demand. As dieselgate has boosted public interest, possible competitive advantages were identified by transforming the product property “sustainability” to a unique selling point. (4) There is an unmanageable amount of methods for the implementation of sustainability in the product development process. For that reason, academically developed methods are only rarely used in industry. (5) Companies are retrospectively evaluating the results of the development rather than using assessment outcomes systematically to improve the product prospectively. (6) Major potential drivers for sustainable product development are laws & politics, customers and competition. Sustainability could become more attractive for industry and customers by creating win-win-solutions. Conceivable propositions are tax advantages or Pigovian taxes, the internalization of sustainability, the shift from tank-to-wheel- towards holistic well-to-wheel-analyses or product service-systems.