Product Property Research Articles

Differential Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on Gaseous Products from Sequential Pyrolysis of Three Organic Solid Wastes.

Studies have shown that anaerobic digestion (AD) has an effect on the liquid and solid product property of sequential pyrolysis, but its influence on the gaseous products is lacking. In this study, syngas produced by pyrolysis from three raw organic solid wastes and the corresponding digestates, i.e., food waste, vinasse, and cow manure were investigated. AD causes a decrease in the contents of volatile solid, fixed carbon, C, H, and N and an increase in the S content. The weight loss of the wastes mainly occurs at 200–550 °C during the pyrolysis and the loss of the food waste and vinasse is higher than that of cow manure. In the carbon (C)-containing gas, AD leads to a decrease in the CH4 content of the syngas, implying that the heat values of the digestates are lower than that of the raw substrates. After AD, the total amount of nitrogen (N)-containing gas from the vinasse increases by 40.1%, while that from cow manure decreases by 14.1%. On the contrary, the total amount of sulfur (S)-containing groups in the syngas from vinasse drop by 22.0%, while that from cow manure increases by 9.1%. In addition, slight changes in the C-, N-, and S-containing gases are found from food waste. The results indicate that AD has a different effect on the N- and S- containing gaseous groups from different organic solid wastes, and the mechanisms deserve further investigation. The findings supply a theoretical foundation for environmental-friendly application of syngas from the digestates.

Noncommutative Tensor Triangular Geometry and the Tensor Product Property for Support Maps

Abstract The problem of whether the cohomological support map of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra has the tensor product property has attracted a lot of attention following the earlier developments on representations of finite group schemes. Many authors have focused on concrete situations where positive and negative results have been obtained by direct arguments. In this paper we demonstrate that it is natural to study questions involving the tensor product property in the broader setting of a monoidal triangulated category. We give an intrinsic characterization by proving that the tensor product property for the universal support datum is equivalent to complete primeness of the categorical spectrum. From these results one obtains information for other support data, including the cohomological one. Two theorems are proved giving compete primeness and non-complete primeness in certain general settings. As an illustration of the methods, we give a proof of a recent conjecture of Negron and Pevtsova on the tensor product property for the cohomological support maps for the small quantum Borel algebras for all complex simple Lie algebras.

Fusion bialgebras and Fourier analysis: Analytic obstructions for unitary categorification

We introduce fusion bialgebras and their duals and systematically study their Fourier analysis. As an application, we discover new efficient analytic obstructions on the unitary categorification of fusion rings. We prove the Hausdorff-Young inequality, uncertainty principles for fusion bialgebras and their duals. We show that the Schur product property, Young's inequality and the sum-set estimate hold for fusion bialgebras, but not always on their duals. If the fusion ring is the Grothendieck ring of a unitary fusion category, then these inequalities hold on the duals. Therefore, these inequalities are analytic obstructions of categorification. We classify simple integral fusion rings of Frobenius type up to rank 8 and of Frobenius-Perron dimension less than 4080. We find 34 ones, 4 of which are group-like and 28 of which can be eliminated by applying the Schur product property on the dual. In general, these inequalities are obstructions to subfactorize fusion bialgebras.

Effect of Femtosecond-Laser-Structured Injection Molding Tool on Mechanical Properties of the Manufactured Product

During the injection molding process, the melt travels with a flow due to friction. As the velocity of the layers next to the wall is less than that of those flowing in the middle of the channel, a fountain flow is formed at the melt front. The temperature of the polymer surface decreases from the melt temperature to the contact temperature after contacting the mold surface. Based on all this, a complex shell–core structure is formed in injection-molded products, which can be influenced by the processing parameters and the surface of the tool insert. This paper focuses on investigating the effect of the microstructures replicated from the insert to the polymer product on its mechanical properties. During the research, two microstructured surfaces were created, with different effects on the melt flow formed by the femtosecond laser. These were compared with a ground insert to analyze the effects. For examining the effect of technological variables on the mechanical properties, an experimental design was used. The structure created by the femtosecond laser on the surface of the tool influenced the mechanical properties of the polymer products. Recognizing the effect of microstructures on the melt front and, through this, the change in mechanical properties, a predefined polymer product property can be achieved.

Analisa Pengaruh Kompetisi Pasar Produk, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Property, Plant And Equipment (PPE) dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of product market competition, firm size, leverage, profitability, plant, property and equipment (PPE) and sales growth on tax avoidance. The object of this research is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015 to 2019. The research method used is quantitative methods. The sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method. Overall, there were 134 companies to be sampled that met the criteria and passed the classic assumption test problems. The sources used are secondary data in the form of financial reports and annual reports obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id). The data processing program uses the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 25 program. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of multiple linear analysis with a significance level of 5%, the results of this study conclude that the variables of product market competition, leverage, plant, property and equipment (PPE) and sales growth have no effect on tax avoidance, company size has a positive effect on tax avoidance, profitability has an effect. negative towards tax avoidance.

Three-Dimensional Printed Devices for Health Care in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019: Lessons Learned to Date.

During the first surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) there was a tremendous global response from three-dimensional (3D) printing communities and individuals to support local health care systems and staff. The responses involved a range of 3D printer users from amateur makers to conglomerate manufacturers creating personal protective equipment (PPE) and other supplies of which there were shortages. These new supply chains resulted from the democratization of 3D printing, open source file sharing, mass production of desktop machines, and the relatively cheap cost of 3D printers. The democratized state of 3D printing facilitated an altruistic movement of makers with ranging experience, to work alongside traditional manufacturers to make medical supplies. With the critical nature of the shortages and the sharp increase in COVID-19 infections, many standards and regulations were bypassed, and good manufacturing processes disregarded, in cases. The outcomes from this article is a set of six lessons learned from the authors perspective regarding the use of 3D printing during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We note challenges experienced around volume manufacturing, infection control requirements of produced parts and the cleanability of devices, mechanical strength considerations, good manufacturing practices, product and intellectual property (IP) liability, and the role of involving clinical stakeholders.

Support schemes for infinitesimal unipotent supergroups

We investigate support schemes for infinitesimal unipotent supergroups and their representations. Our main results provide a non-cohomological description of these schemes that generalizes the classical work of Suslin, Friedlander, and Bendel. As a consequence, support schemes in this setting have the desired features of such a theory, including naturality with respect to group homomorphisms, the tensor product property, and realizability. As an application of the theory developed here, we investigate support varieties for finite-dimensional Hopf subalgebras of the Steenrod algebra.

Tunable dielectric and energy storage studies in NdMnO3 based composites

Composites are a class of materials which provide a scope of tailoring properties that are not possible amongst its constituents. Magnetoelectric composite materials exhibit product property arising because of mutually connected electric and magnetic phases. The systematic and comprehensive study on structural, tunable dielectric and flexible energy storage study of NdMnO3 (ND) manganite-based composites has been reported. The phase purity is estimated X-ray diffraction studies and confirm composite formation. The dielectric studies display a step-like decrease and reveal Maxwell-Wagner polarization with relaxation processes. The effect of magnetic field on dielectric constant reveals strong variation due to modification of spatial charge distribution. The qualitative evidence of tunable energy storage studies in ND based composites is observed by measuring the ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loop in variable magnetic field and is strain originated from coupling amongst individual component phases.

Enhanced magnetoelectric response of cofired ceramic layered composites by adjusting the grain boundary conductivity of the magnetostrictive component

Magnetoelectric composites provide large enough room-temperature functional responses to enable a range of novel technologies, like uncooled high-sensitivity magnetic sensors. Magnetoelectricity in these composites appears as a product property of the piezoresponses of two elastically coupled ferroic phases. Coefficients then depend not only on the magnetostriction and piezoelectricity of the components, but also on interface quality. Different composite approaches are under development, among which cofired ceramic layered structures of ferrimagnetic spinel and ferroelectric perovskite oxides stand out because direct bonding between phases is attained, which facilitates miniaturization. An aspect rarely investigated is the role of the electrical characteristics of the magnetostrictive material beyond their effect on ferroelectric poling. We report here a three-fold enhancement of magnetoelectric coefficients by the only adjustment of the grain boundary conductivity of the spinel oxide. Significant differences in poling level are ruled out, and the effect is related with changes in the composite effective permittivity.

What fashion startups should know before launching Crowdfunding projects: Focusing on Wadiz reward Crowdfunding

ABSTRACT Wadiz, the largest Korean crowdfunding platform, recorded a 197% year-on-year growth of reward in crowdfunding projects for the fashion and accessory category in the first half of 2019. With this in mind, this study collects 135 cases of fashion and accessory projects from Wadiz to explore the success factors and impactful variables on the funding ratio. The study found that the project signals (the number of backers), social engagement (the number of Instagram followers) affected the funding state. In contrast, reward properties (category, target, and product property), had a significant impact on the level of funding ratio. As an initial study focused on fashion crowdfunding, this study provides practical implications to predict the success factors of fashion crowdfunding that small fashion companies can meaningfully utilize.

Linking Expansion Behaviour of Extruded Potato Starch/Rapeseed Press Cake Blends to Rheological and Technofunctional Properties

In order to valorise food by-products into healthy and sustainable products, extrusion technology can be used. Thereby, a high expansion rate is often a targeted product property. Rapeseed press cake (RPC) is a protein- and fibre-rich side product of oil pressing. Although there is detailed knowledge about the expansion mechanism of starch, only a few studies describe the influence of press cake addition on the expansion and the physical quality of the extruded products. This study assessed the effect of RPC inclusion on the physical and technofunctional properties of starch-containing directly expanded products. The effect of starch type (native and waxy), RPC level (10, 40, 70 g/100 g), extrusion moisture content (24, 29 g/100 g) and barrel temperature (20–140 °C) on expansion, hardness, water absorption, and solubility of the extrudates and extruder response was evaluated. At temperatures above 120 °C, 70 g/100 g of RPC increased the sectional and volumetric expansion of extrudates, irrespective of starch type. Since expansion correlates with the rheological properties of the melt, RPC and RPC/starch blends were investigated pre- and postextrusion in a closed cavity rheometer at extrusion-like conditions. It was shown that with increasing RPC level the complex viscosity |ƞ*| of extruded starch/RPC blends increased, which could be linked to expansion behaviour.

Use of the fuzzy-set theory in designing enriched bakery products

Design of the technologies and formulations for enriched foods should consider a number of aspects, including the manufacturability of the enriching ingredient, the price segment of the finished product, etc. Considering bakery products, the products of mass and daily consumption, an important factor in the choice of products is their organoleptic characteristics - appearance, taste, aroma, etc. Here the solution of such a multi-criteria problem is often carried out in conditions of uncertainty, when the product property can be described in terms of “better” or “worse”. To solve the similar problem of choosing an enriching ingredient from the line of powdery semi-finished products based on fruits and vegetables, approaches to the fuzzy sets theory were selected and demonstrated. Testing these approaches allowed us to select specific semi-finished products from the analyzed sample selection, to be used is bread made from a mixture of rye and wheat flour, and the rational stage of the technological process.

Data-driven Analysis of Product Property Propagation to Support Process-integrated Quality Management in Manufacturing Systems

Due to the increased complexity of products and manufacturing systems as well as increasing competition, the importance of product quality has grown for manufacturing companies. Accordingly, the demand for the analysis of intermediate product features and intermediate product propagation to support process-integrated quality management is growing. In this paper, a framework for the data-driven analysis of product property propagation to support process integrated quality management is presented. Here, particularly distinctive product properties that are evolving throughout production processes are introduced as product phenotypes. The framework uses a combination of machine learning algorithms to derive product specific inspection strategies. The developed framework is applied to a case study from electronic production.

The product property of the almost fixed point property for digital spaces

Consider two digital spaces $ (X_i, k_i), i \in \{1, 2\} $, (in the sense of Rosenfeld model ) satisfying the almost fixed point property( AFPP for brevity). Then, the problem of whether the AFPP for the digital spaces is, or is not necessarily invariant under Cartesian products plays an important role in digital topology, which remains open. Given a Cartesian product $ (X_1 \times X_2, k) $ with a certain $ k $-adjacency, after proving that the AFPP for digital spaces is not necessarily invariant under Cartesian products, the present paper proposes a certain condition of which the AFPP for digital spaces holds under Cartesian products. Indeed, we find that the product property of the AFPP is strongly related to both the sets $ X_i $ and the $ k_i $-adjacency, $ i \in \{1, 2\} $. Eventually, assume two $ k_i $-connected digital spaces $ (X_i, k_i), i \in \{1, 2\} $, and a digital product $ X_1 \times X_2 $ with a normal $ k $-adjacency such that $ N_k^\star(p, 1) = N_k(p, 1) $ for each point $ p \in X_1 \times X_2 $ (see Remark 4.2(1)). Then we obtain that each of $ (X_i, k_i), i \in \{1, 2\} $, has the AFPP if and only if $ (X_1 \times X_2, k) $ has the AFPP .

English

We study algebraic properties of two Toeplitz operators on the weighted Bergman space on the unit disk with harmonic symbols. In particular the product property and commutative property are discussed. Further we apply our results to solve a compactness problem of the product of two Hankel operators on the weighted Bergman space on the unit bidisk.

Unique Ergodicity for Zero-entropy Dynamical Systems with the Approximate Product Property

We show that for every topological dynamical system with the approximate product property, zero topological entropy is equivalent to unique ergodicity. Equivalence of minimality is also proved under a slightly stronger condition. Moreover, we show that unique ergodicity implies the approximate product property if the system has periodic points.

Product Property of Equivariant Degree Under the Action of a Compact Abelian Lie Group

We study local equivariant maps on real finite dimensional orthogonal representations of a compact abelian Lie group G. Equivariant degree $$\deg _G$$ is an invariant applied to determine whether a given map has zeros. The goal of this paper is to present a complete, straightforward proof of the product property of $$\deg _G$$ . For that purpose, we use the otopy classification and distinguish a special kind of map in each class.

Structure of n-quasi left m-invertible and related classes of operators

AbstractGiven Hilbert space operators T,S\in B( {\mathcal H} ), let \text{Δ} and \delta \in B(B( {\mathcal H} )) denote the elementary operators {\text{Δ}}_{T,S}(X)=({L}_{T}{R}_{S}-I)(X)=TXS-X and {\delta }_{T,S}(X)=({L}_{T}-{R}_{S})(X)=TX-XS. Let d=\text{Δ} or \delta . Assuming T commutes with {S}^{\ast }, and choosing X to be the positive operator {S}^{\ast n}{S}^{n} for some positive integer n, this paper exploits properties of elementary operators to study the structure of n-quasi {[}m,d]-operators {d}_{T,S}^{m}(X)=0 to bring together, and improve upon, extant results for a number of classes of operators, such as n-quasi left m-invertible operators, n-quasi m-isometric operators, n-quasi m-self-adjoint operators and n-quasi (m,C) symmetric operators (for some conjugation C of {\mathcal H} ). It is proved that {S}^{n} is the perturbation by a nilpotent of the direct sum of an operator {S}_{1}^{n}={\left(S{|}_{\overline{{S}^{n}( {\mathcal H} )}}\right)}^{n} satisfying {d}_{{T}_{1},{S}_{1}}^{m}({I}_{1})=0, {{T}_{1}=T}_{\overline{{S}^{n}( {\mathcal H} )}}, with the 0 operator; if S is also left invertible, then {S}^{n} is similar to an operator B such that {d}_{{B}^{\ast },B}^{m}(I)=0. For power bounded S and T such that S{T}^{\ast }-{T}^{\ast }S=0 and {\text{Δ}}_{T,S}({S}^{\ast n}{S}^{n})=0, S is polaroid (i.e., isolated points of the spectrum are poles). The product property, and the perturbation by a commuting nilpotent property, of operators T,S satisfying {d}_{T,S}^{m}(I)=0, given certain commutativity properties, transfers to operators satisfying {S}^{\ast n}{d}_{T,S}^{m}(I){S}^{n}=0.

Gas-pressurized torrefaction of biomass wastes: The optimization of pressurization condition and the pyrolysis of torrefied biomass

A novel gas-pressurized (GP) torrefaction with high oxygen removal efficiency at mild temperature was proposed in our previous work. However, the optimal condition of the GP torrefaction and subsequent pyrolysis of the torrefied biomass were not clear. In this work, the effect of pressure on the GP torrefaction and pyrolysis product properties of the torrefied biomass were studied in detail. The results show that the pressure increasing from 1.7 MPa to 5.0 MPa just slightly contributed to further oxygen removal, and 1.7 MPa was thus selected as the optimum pressure. The GP torrefaction significantly improved the product property of biomass pyrolysis compared to the conventional torrefaction (AP torrefaction). The acids content in bio-oil was reduced from 15–20% to less than 5%, and the calorific value of biogas increased to as high as 16.57–19.31 MJ/Nm3. Furthermore, an overall conversion mechanism of combined GP torrefaction and subsequent pyrolysis of biomass was proposed.

Stability for product groups and property (τ)

We study the notion of permutation stability (or P-stability) for countable groups. Our main result provides a wide class of non-amenable product groups which are not P-stable. This class includes the product group Σ×Λ, whenever Σ admits a non-abelian free quotient and Λ admits an infinite cyclic quotient. In particular, we obtain that the groups Fm×Zd and Fm×Fn are not P-stable, for any integers m,n≥2 and d≥1. This implies that P-stability is not closed under the direct product construction, which answers a question of Becker, Lubotzky and Thom. The proof of our main result relies on a construction of asymptotic homomorphisms from Σ×Λ to finite symmetric groups starting from sequences of finite index subgroups in Σ and Λ with and without property (τ). Our method is sufficiently robust to show that the groups covered are not even flexibly P-stable, thus giving the first such non-amenable residually finite examples.