Green Product Design Research Articles

Green product design considering functional-product reference

Consumers' reference behaviors are largely ignored in previous research on green product design. This study investigates a green-product design problem in a two-echelon supply chain by considering consumers' reference behaviors, where the reference point is associated with a functional product that has a utility-based reference form. Tax regulation and the environmental awareness of consumers are also considered in investigating their effects on the green-product design and pricing strategies. Analytical results show that consumers' reference behaviors significantly influence the green-product design and pricing decisions. When faced with consumers who have different recognition levels of reference, the product design and pricing strategies should be adjusted. Tax regulation and consumer green awareness also affect the firms' decisions. Tax regulation can encourage firms to increase the greenness degree of their product only when the tax level or the green development cost is at a low level, while consumer green awareness always plays a positive role in green design. By comparing the results between different supply chain structures, we find that the retailer-led supply chain outperforms the manufacturer-led supply chain in environmental performance improvements. The best environmental performance is achieved when the supply chain is coordinated.

Green Credit Product Design Based on Fuzzy Concept Lattice

In recent years, China's rapid development has brought severe environmental problems. We need to vigorously support the development of green credit and strive to innovate green credit products. Aiming at the diversity and ambiguity of green credit evaluation indicators, we propose a green credit product design method based on fuzzy concept lattice. Firstly, we improve the theory of fuzzy formal concept analysis and design a construction algorithm based on non-repetitive attribute set. Secondly, the reference information about green industries from different sources is added into a fuzzy formal context, and then the fuzzy concept lattice structure is generated by the construction algorithm based on non-repetitive attribute set. Thirdly, we propose a clustering method which considers the weights of attributes to reduce the size of the fuzzy concept lattice, and we use the relaxation error to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy concepts. Finally, we design some green credit products according to the results of the methods proposed in this paper, which are proved to be correct and effective.

Optimization Method of Product Green Design Scheme Based on Attribute Mapping

Optimization Method of Product Green Design Scheme Based on Attribute Mapping

Guideline for green design of water heater products

This paper investigates the overseas and domestic backgrounds for green design of water heater products, regulates the purposes and basic principles of eco-design of water heater products, and provides the eco-design requirements, eco-design procedure, major methods of eco-design, eco-design evaluation and improvement, and product information provision and sharing. This paper will provide the guiding targets for the water heater product manufacturer, standardize the enterprise behavior of water heater product, and lead the water heater product enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of water heater product, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.

Guideline for green design of commercial refrigerating appliances

.This paper investigates the overseas and domestic backgrounds for green design of commercial refrigerating appliances, and regulates the purposes and basic principles of eco-design of commercial refrigerating appliances, the eco-design requirements, eco-design process and key points, major methods of eco-design, and eco-design evaluation and improvement. This paper provides the guiding targets for the commercial refrigerating appliances manufacturer, standardizes the enterprise behavior of commercial refrigerating appliances, and leads the commercial refrigerating appliances enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of commercial refrigerating appliances, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.

The Effect of Government Support on Green Product Design and Environmental Impact

We study competing fi rms' green product design decisions, and the effect of two common types of government support, namely R&D support and sales subsidies, on the products, firms and the resulting impact. Each fi rm produces a product that contains a traditional quality and an environmental quality according to corresponding technology capabilities of the firm and market competition. Our main results are as follows. First, we show that fi rms will produce greener products and charge higher prices when they embrace greater technology capabilities related to production of the quality, or when consumers become more conscious of the impact. Second, we find that although both the government R&D support and sales subsidies prompt fi rms to produce greener products, the overall impact is mixed. Specifi cally, while sales subsidies generally lead to positive benefi ts, R&D support can have an unanticipated negative overall impact on the environment. Third, we show that fi rms do not always benefi t from either type of the government support.

Active or passive? Sustainable manufacturing in the direct-channel green supply chain: A perspective of two types of green product designs

This paper considers a supply chain in which a manufacturer produces and sells two types of green products in its direct channel under government interventions aiming to improve social welfare. There is a Stackelberg game between the two stakeholders. Our research derives the closed form solutions to the optimal tax, green degree and price for the products, and obtains the strategies for government and manufacturer under different environmental policies. By considering six scenarios, our models obtain the best choice from the comparison between the two cases in which the manufacturer determines its product green degree actively or accepts the green standard set by the government passively. Then, we conduct some sensitivity analyses and explore the scenario in which there is competition between green products and non-green products. The results of this research indicate that the government setting the product green standard and providing the manufacturer with a subsidy is significant.

The impact of strategic inventory and procurement strategies on green product design in a two-period supply chain

This study analyses the impact of power structures and strategic inventory on the development-intensive and marginal-cost-intensive green product types under three procurement strategies. The results suggest that (i) in the manufacturer-Stackelberg game, the retailer retains strategic inventory to earn higher profits. The retailer's decision improves profit for the manufacturer and greening level of the product; (ii) for the marginal-cost-intensive green product, the power structures and procurement strategies cannot make any impact on the greening level and the retailer cannot build up strategic inventory under retailer-Stackelberg game; (iii) under the Nash game, the procurement decision creates conflict between the supply chain members for marginal-cost-intensive green products; (iv) if the retailer does not maintain strategic inventory or procures product in a single lot, then the manufacturer prefers to produce marginal-cost-intensive products and retailer prefers to sale development-intensive products to receive maximum profits under manufacturer-Stackelberg game. The optimal preferences are concurrent under retailer-Stackelberg game, but not under the Nash game; (v) single-period equilibrium solutions may exhibit sub-optimal characteristics, but two-period planning can lead to exemplary outcomes in the perspective of the greening level and profits of the supply chain members.

Decision Support Tool Selection for Eco-Design Integration into the Simultaneous Design of Product and its Supply Chain

In the simultaneous design of product and its supply chain (SDPSC), the main criteria that is usually used to choose a product design is product cost since it is assumed that up to 70% of product cost is determined during the design phase. However, some researches recognise that product design decisions also affect the environmental impact of the product throughout its supply chain. Consequently, merging eco-design tools with the joint DPSC can develop a better understanding of the product and its environmental interactions to achieve green product development. In this paper, we present a literature review dealing with environmental principles’ integration into the SDPSC, then we investigate tools for green product design selection using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). We compare suitability of three selected MCDM methods, namely Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), and Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT). Two case studies were selected from literature, and a sensitivity analysis is applied for each selected method. Results suggest that although all methods are convenient and can be used in practice, TOPSIS method was more stable towards weighting changes.

Developing strategic planning of green supply chain in refinery CPO company

We are conducted a research at the company of the manufacturing CPO into cooking oil, margarine and materials of oleochemical industries. Today palm oil based industries are facing global challenges related to environmental issues. To against these challenges, it is necessary to have an environmentally friendly supply chain. However, the limited resource owned by the company requires the integrated environmental strategy with the company’s business strategy. The model is developed based on management orientation towards external pressure, internal key resources and competitive advantage that can be obtained as the decision factor. The decision-making method used is Analytical Network Process (ANP). The results obtained institutional pressure becomes the criterion with the greatest influence on green supply chain initiatives and sub criteria of customer desires and stakeholder integration having the most significant influence on green supply chain initiatives. There are five green alternative initiatives that can be done: green product design, greening upstream, greening production, greening downstream and greening post use. For green supply chain initiative, greening upstream is the best priority.

Integration between Green Quality Function Deployment, Modularity Concept and Life Cycle Assessment Toward Sustainable Product Design

The design phase is recognized as a key phase in the application of sustainable manufacturing concepts. Green Quality Function Deployment (GQFD) and modularity play an important role in product design. Green Quality Function Deployment produces technical parameters that represent the needs of consumers while taking into account environmental aspects. Modularity benefits manufacturing and flexibility in facing adjustments and changes. Integration of GQFD and modularity is expected to generate synergistic gains from both. The results are measured by life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the impact of the product on the environment. This study shows that GQFD, modularity and LCA integration in realizing sustainable product design is worthy of consideration. The case study was conducted with the fan because the product is very needed in the tropics, such as Indonesia.

Expanding the Toolbox: Hazard-Screening Methods and Tools for Identifying Safer Chemicals in Green Product Design

A key focus of green product design is to reduce the product’s inherent chemical hazard. Various alternative assessment methodologies may be used to compare the hazard properties of possible candidate chemicals. However, only a small fraction of the chemicals currently in commercial use are adequately characterized in terms of toxicological effects. This limitation can hamper the study of safer chemical alternatives and increase the likelihood of regrettable substitutions. Approaches for addressing such data gaps include read-across, in silico programs and high throughput in chemico and in silico assays. Each of these show considerable promise although a consensus on how to use them for hazard evaluation of data poor chemicals is lacking. The limitations of such tools, which attempt to simplify complex biology into key predictive factors, is also often underestimated. To evaluate currently available approaches for addressing data gaps, we established three test sets of chemicals, each with structural simi...

Green product design and development using life cycle assessment and ant colony optimization

With the growing general awareness of the need of environmental protection, some ecodesign strategies are formulated to provide general design directions so as to develop green products. While the strategies such as selection of eco-materials, reduction of packaging sizes, optimization of energy use, or elimination of the use of toxic materials have been adopted, currently, decision-makers might have to evaluate their designs using some qualitative ecodesign techniques, but there is not much they can do to further enhance their designs’ environmental performances. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the generally accepted approaches to quantitatively assess product-oriented environmental impact. The results of LCA, to some extent, may help designers to understand the potential environmental impact generated by their design options. However, there is very limited information that can be given to show how to redesign their products to further reduce the environmental impact. In this connection, we propose an approach to search for the best assembly sequence in order to lower the overall environmental impact. A simplified LCA is used to quantify the environmental impacts of design options. ACO algorithm is then applied to identify a better assembly sequence with the lowest environmental impact value. A case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

P.4.e.002 - Neuromodulation of the hyperdirect pathway to study flexibility as an endophenotype of obsessive compulsive disorders

Climatic change has led to the amendment of the policies and regulations for having a green approach. Requirements for collaboration and visibility across the supply chain raised the need for the green approach. For the companies to achieve this, fundamental organizational changes need to take place, in addition to adopting a sustainable development plan that places focus on green activities such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Greening the supply chain is seen as adding a competitive edge to a company's supply chain. Food companies and food supply chains face even more significant challenges as they are highly affected by climatic change, food regulations, and resource limitations. Food companies need to incorporate environmental thinking into their core strategies and extend it across the whole supply chain. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how a green food supply chain can be achieved. Different elements of the green food supply chain are discussed which are as follows: green food product, green farming, green food product design, green food sourcing and procurement, green warehousing, green food logistics, and green food supply chains.

Road map for the implementation of green manufacturing practices in Indian manufacturing industries

PurposeGreen manufacturing (GM) has received growing attention in the last few years. As today’s business environment is highly competitive, dynamic and volatile in nature, GM is seen as the winning strategy to be adopted by manufacturers. In this scenario, successful implementation of GM by manufacturers can give them an edge over their competitors. The purpose of this paper is to identify and develop the structural relationship among different factors for the successful implementation of GM.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach has been applied in this study. In this research, 12 factors have been identified, such as top management commitment, supplier and materials management, green product and process design, employee training and empowerment, etc. On the basis of survey results and opinions of experts from industry and academia, a structural relationship model has been developed through an ISM approach.FindingsTop management commitment has the highest driving power for the implementation of GM. Effective implementation of GM will improve organization performance in terms of product cost and quality. For effective implementation of GM, management should not ignore development of people, product and processes.Practical implicationsThe developed model will be useful to managers, decision makers and practitioners of GM in prioritizing their resources more effectively.Originality/valueCritical success factor play a pivotal role for the assessment and implementation of GM practices. Identification of key success factors and their mutual relationship can help in implementation of GM practices in various organizations. It is probably one of the leading attempts to provide road map to the implementation of GM practices in Indian manufacturing industries.

Low Carbon-Oriented Optimal Reliability Design with Interval Product Failure Analysis and Grey Correlation Analysis

The problem of large amounts of carbon emissions causes wide concern across the world, and it has become a serious threat to the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry. The intensive research into technologies and methodologies for green product design has significant theoretical meaning and practical value in reducing the emissions of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, a low carbon-oriented product reliability optimal design model is proposed in this paper: (1) The related expert evaluation information was prepared in interval numbers; (2) An improved product failure analysis considering the uncertain carbon emissions of the subsystem was performed to obtain the subsystem weight taking the carbon emissions into consideration. The interval grey correlation analysis was conducted to obtain the subsystem weight taking the uncertain correlations inside the product into consideration. Using the above two kinds of subsystem weights and different caution indicators of the decision maker, a series of product reliability design schemes is available; (3) The interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) were employed to select the optimal reliability and optimal design scheme based on three attributes, namely, low carbon, correlation and functions, and economic cost. The case study of a vertical CNC lathe proves the superiority and rationality of the proposed method.

A systematic literature review on green manufacturing concepts in cement industries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to survey the technical performance of the cement industry including those related to procedures; groundwork of raw materials, fuels and semi-finished products for processing; accessibility of machinery, plant and equipment for various operations; arrangement and process control management.Design/methodology/approachA broad range of survey and research was reviewed, and all revealed the methods to recognize the key influences for development of green technology. The study explores the present scenario of green manufacturing (GM) strategies of Indian cement companies and provides the industrial ecology, ways of reducing energy consumption, environmental impact data collection, design and control of manufacturing systems and integration of product and manufacturing system. It also reveals the problems in decision-making systems owing to the impact of the green product design. Here, in this paper, all information is obtained by the medium of internet, journals, articles, and magazines.FindingsThis paper describes a problem of global warming, gas, water and other wastages emissions at the time of cement manufacturing and put forward a path that enables decision makers to assess the perception of GM in their organization and in prioritizing GM efforts.Originality/valueThis perspective survey is to provide an integrative outlook of performance methods for GM practices in the Indian cement industries. It gives important information, which expectantly will help in cement industry to adopt GM practices. This paper fills the gap in the literature on identification, establishment, and validation of performance measures of GM for Indian cement industries.

A Modular Product Design Approach for Sustainable Manufacturing in A Fuzzy Environment

Green modular product design is a very crucial technique for sustainable manufacturing. By making good choices of combinations of the available components and modules of a design, it is possible to build sustainability into the life cycle of a product. For effective modular design, it is critical to know the design factors and their potential impact on the ultimate economic, environmental, and the social performance of the product or process. Nevertheless, in a fuzzy environment, one or more factors are not precisely known at the design stage. First, we propose a set of multiple criteria for evaluating a modular product design. Second, a fuzzy grouping genetic algorithm (FGGA) is proposed for grouping components of a design in a modular fashion. The proposed modular product design approach is promising, especially when the design factors and the criteria for sustainability evaluation are not precisely known at the design stage.

Simplified Neutrosophic Linguistic Multi-criteria Group Decision-Making Approach to Green Product Development

For many companies, green product development has become a key strategic consideration due to regulatory requirements and market trends. In this paper, the life cycle assessment technique is used to develop an innovative multi-criteria group decision-making approach that incorporates power aggregation operators and a TOPSIS-based QUALIFLEX method in order to solve green product design selection problems using neutrosophic linguistic information.

Study of Environmental Performance of Taiwan’s Manufacturing Industry

Resource restrictions and carbon restrictions are posing a challenge to corporate sustainable development. Therefore, enterprises will be able to become more competitive by enhancing their research and development of green technology as well as environmental performance. Taiwan is a high-tech island featuring the highly-intensive manufacturing, and Taiwan’s manufacturing industry is actively developing the green management. This study proposed the environmental performance indicators integrating five aspects: green product design, green product recycling, green manufacturing management, environmental protection and environmental management. A total of 239 valid questionnaires, collected from various manufacturing industries, were the research subjects to investigate their environmental performance. The study found respondents performed the best in environmental protection while the worst in green product recycling, and especially got the lowest score in the “Using biodegradable materials” indicator. The environmental performances of research subjects were positively correlated to their enterprise scales. However, the environmental performances of various industry categories showed no significant differences between with each other. The overall environmental performances of the enterprises that implemented ISO 14001 and 14064 certifications were significantly higher than those without certifications. These results indicate that the environmental management system could improve the environmental performance in manufacturing industry.