Conceptual Product Development Research Articles

Lean Product Development: Nothing New Under the Sun?

AbstractThe concept of lean product development has attracted the attention of many scholars since its inception in the 1990s derived from practices at Toyota Motor Company. Key to this approach to new product development (NPD) are a few methods derived from lean production as well as longer established practices such as concurrent engineering. This makes one wonder whether lean product development is a new practice, a new method or an encapsulation of already existing methods at the time; this quest for the roots and tenets of lean product development, also in comparison with other methods for NPD, is the focus of this paper. This journey takes this propositional paper not only to the roots of lean product development and the context of its era of conception, but also to what this concept adds to other extant methods for NPD. In particular, this comparison draws out that other methods are trying to achieve the same objectives: the creation of products and services with value to the customer, the reduction of time‐to‐market and the efficient use of resources. This inference implies that managers of new product (and service) development can choose from a wider pallet of methods and approaches to enhance the performance of R&D and to connect better to manufacturing (including supply chains). Inevitably, this has implications for research on (lean) product and service development; hence, this paper sets out a research agenda based on the deliberations and gaps that have been uncovered in the discourse.

신제품 콘셉트 발상을 위한 SIT&BCC 활용에 관한 연구

신제품 콘셉트 발상을 위한 SIT&BCC 활용에 관한 연구

New Product Development (NPD) Process – An Example of Industrial Sector

Abstract This aim of this article is to present the process of new product introduction on example of industrial sector in context of new product development (NPD) concept. In the article, the concept of new product development is discussed and the different stages of the process of new electric motor development are analysed taking into account its objectives, implemented procedures, functions and responsibilities division. In the article, information from secondary sources and the results of empirical research – conducted in an international manufacturing company – are used. The research results show the significance of project leader and regular cooperation with final client in the NPD process.

When and with whom to cooperate? Investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success

In times of saturated markets and decreasing product life cycles, the continuous development and successful launch of innovations are essential for profit-oriented organizations of any kind. Interorganizational cooperation enables companies to get better access to knowledge and capabilities in order to generate and successfully introduce innovations. While scientific research and management practice have acknowledged the importance of cooperation, little research effort is dedicated to empirically determine the effectiveness of cooperation intensity within different stages of the innovation process (cooperation stage) and with different partners (cooperation type). This article aims to fill these gaps by empirically examining the effects of cooperation intensity with different kinds of partners (horizontal, vertical and institutional cooperation) in different stages of new product development (concept and product development as well as implementation stage) on innovation capabilities and success of individual companies. Drawing upon a sample of 154 high-tech companies from the German B-2-B sector, our results reveal that it is in general beneficial for a company to cooperate. However, cooperation in concept and product development primarily improves a company's innovation capabilities while cooperation in the implementation stage primarily enhances innovation success of a company. With respect to cooperation type, vertical, horizontal as well as institutional cooperation significantly enhance innovation capabilities and success of a company. However, cooperation with institutional partners was found to be the most important contributor throughout all stages.

Approaches and Challenges in Product Disassembly Planning for Sustainability

Due to the vast variety of products and end-of-life uncertainties of used products, product disassembly remains as a challenging research area. This paper aims to address the gap between sustainable product development and product life cycle through optimizing disassembly in each stage of the product life cycle. Firstly, a comprehensive review on design concepts for product development and relevant disassembly planning methodologies at the different phases of a product life cycle, such as Design for Disassembly (DfD), product service system (PSS), disassembly sequence generation (DSG), and reconfigurable disassembly systems (RDS) is presented. Next, a conceptual framework that leverages on emerging technology driven by Industry 4.0 and product family approach to facilitate product disassembly planning for sustainability is proposed. Lastly, a short summary on different challenges presented as well as the respective future work are elaborated.

UNDERSTANDING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR ASPECTS OF PRODUCT CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT FROM THE ORGANISATIONAL INTERPRETATION PERSPECTIVE

The product concept is crucial in new product development (NPD) because it represents an NPD project’s goal. In this context, most prior studies have regarded product concept development as a linear process but some recent studies have revealed that it also has nonlinear characteristics. The objective of this paper is to explore why this inconsistency has arisen and to develop a model and theory that illustrate both aspects of product concept development. To achieve this, we adopt the perspective of organisational interpretation systems (Daft and Weick (1984). Toward a model of organisations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 289–295) and explore eight product development cases. Consequently, we develop a three-stage model and find that the linearity or nonlinearity of product concept development is determined by each NPD team’s assumption about the environment. We also consider product innovativeness and function equivocality, and establish that these are related to the NPD teams’ assumptions about the environment.

The Application of Concurrent Engineering Tools and Design Structure Matrix in Designing Tire

The development of automobile industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly. This phenomenon causes companies related to the automobile industry such as tire industry must develop products based on customers’ needs and considering the timeliness of delivering the product to the customer. It could be reached by applying strategic planning in developing an integrated concept of product development. This research was held in PT. XYZ that applied the sequential approach in designing and developing products. The need to improve in one stage of product development could occur re-designing that needs longer time in developing a new product. This research is intended to get an integrated product design concept of tire pertaining to the customer's needs using Concurrent Engineering Tools by implementing the two-phased of product development. The implementation of Concurrent Engineering approach results in applying the stage of project planning, conceptual design, and product modules. The product modules consist of four modules that using Product Architecture - Design Structure Matrix to ease the designing process of new product development.

Development of Product Design Projects Applying Specifications and Factors Matrix (SFM) as a Support Tool in Higher Education

The application of work strategies taking into account, from the initial stages, all the factors involved in the product design process is considered essential by the researches to generate higher quality products, assess users’ needs and anticipate design problems. This paper presents two approaches of design project development, denominated respectively: projects with imposed specifications and projects with derived specifications and proposes the use of the matrix that integrates specifications and design factors (SFM). This design support tool complements others already used in the development of product concepts by higher education students, increasing the capacity of synthesis and structuring of information in order to facilitate decision-making into the design process. Its elaboration implies understanding of objectives, identifying of factors and establishing of specifications. At the same time, it aims to foster the reflection process and an integrated information analysis. The application of SFM and its contribution to different project approaches are shown in this paper.

The role of the concept of LEAN management in modern business

LEAN management is the concept of production management, product development and services that aims to create a true step change specifically targeted to the buyer or the goods or service. LEAN management is a dynamic process that uses knowledge and is focused on the customer. This is a process by which companies are continuously working to eliminate losses and value creation.

The Way from Lean Product Development (LPD) to Smart Product Development (SPD)

Lean Product Development (LPD) is the application of lean principles to product development, aiming to develop new or improved products that are successful in the market. LPD deals with the complete process from gathering and generating ideas, through assessing potential success, to developing concepts, evaluating them to create a best concept, detailing the product, testing/developing it and handing over to manufacture. With the beginning of the fourth Industrial Revolution (Industrial 4.0) and the rising efforts to realize a smart factory environment, also product development has to perform a substantial transformation. This paper firstly describes the concept of Lean Product Development as well as new requirements for an intelligent and Smart Product Development (SPD) through the introduction of modern Industry 4.0 related technologies. Based on Axiomatic Design methodology, a set of guidelines for the design of Lean Product Development Processes is presented. These guidelines are linked with concepts from Industry 4.0 in Engineering, showing how a lean and smart product development process can be achieved by the use of advanced and modern technologies and instruments.

Time pressure and creativity in industrial design

Creativity is a critical aspect of competitiveness in all trades and professions. In the case of designers, creativity is of the utmost importance. Based on the perspective of industrial design, the relationship between creativity and time pressure was investigated in this study using control and experimental groups. In the first part of the study, fuzzy theory, the Creative Product Analysis Matrix, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Consensus Assessment Techniques were integrated to establish a method to evaluate creativity in industrial design. Moreover, the experimental and control groups were compared using three tests: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, the product concept development test, and the product aesthetic development test. Six hypotheses were examined. Based on an analysis of the results, suggestions are offered to improve creativity management. The suggestions can serve as reference for creativity management of individuals, groups and companies in order to make the concept generating process more efficient.

PENENTUAN KONSEP PERANCANGAN ALAT PENGERING SIMPLISIA JAHE MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER PANAS SINAR MATAHARI DENGAN BACKUP PANAS KOMPOR BIOMASSA

The ginger drying process used by Biofarmaka farmers of Karanganyar to produce simplisia, used heat source from solar energy of the sunlight. Sunlight is a free source of energy that can be obtained in the universe but can not be controlled. Production of simplisia can be stopped or obstructed if there is no sunlight that gives solar energy for the drying process (cloudy or rainy). This obstacle of production process of simplisia becomes an important matter considering the low durability of fresh ingredients (ginger). This requires the presence of an additional source of heat energy which is cheap and can be controlled to produce simplisia if the heat source from solar energy of the sunlight can not be used. This study aims to construct concept of design solar dryer with a biomass stove for heat backup to produce ginger simplisia. The step of design are identification of user requirements, construction of product specifications, product concept development, and product concept selection. This study resulted in 36 product concept of the ginger solar dryer.

Design to doc framework: a model to support aircraft direct operating cost reduction

This paper presents the Design to DOC (Direct Operating Costs), a framework that aims at helping the aircraft companies toward DOC reduction right from the aircraft development initial phases. This paper has two main objectives: to present a framework that can analyze the impact of design alternatives into DOC and to apply it on a real situation for commercial aircrafts. The DOC framework usage calls for trade studies during the conceptual product development and provides the identification and graphic visualization of all effects of design choices. It has three phases: network build up, data input, and trade studies use. The Design to DOC network defines the relationships among all cost drivers and highlights those which are prone to value variation. This is achieved with the definition of arcs, nodes, and transmitters. The DOC framework has been applied to engineering changes on nacelle of a commercial aircraft. The results obtained have shown that the new nacelle design was a good design choice, as the DOC has been reduced. Furthermore, the usage of the DOC framework has been proven useful and efficient for achieving such results.

Português

Design or product development? The questioning in relation to the employment of such terminology dates back to possible misconceptions regarding interpretation and approach them. Therefore, it can be stated that there are differences between these two terms? In this context, we highlight two views concerning the origin of the design. The first character creative and based on pre-industrial revolution, based on projective and methodologies directed towards the practice of designing products. And second, where design is understood as an industrial process: the development of new products includes, besides a creative procedure are developed, and symbolic formal solutions for products, but also a technical procedure based on the definition of the requirements concerning the product engineering. Is this the most widely accepted interpretation? theoretical studies were conducted from interpretations of the concept of the design proposed by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design – ICSDI (2012), and for the characterization of the process of product development, we sought to develop an analogy between these two terminologies and can be proved that the use of one of terminology will not cause deviations of interpretation, since both deal with the life cycle of the product. The main results obtained until now the definition of design proposed by the ICSID where it is characterized as a creative activity focused on the complete life cycle of products is the more approaches of the concept of product development .

Simulation modelling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise market-oriented methodologies and simulation analysis to generate information regarding consumers’ attitudes, opinions and preferences towards novel β-glucan-enriched breads. Design/methodology/approach – Focus Groups and In-depth interviews were used to generate consumer information on potentially suitable attributes that would maximise consumer acceptance. The approach involved the creation of a set of realistic product concepts from a combination of attribute levels and the presentation of these product concepts to consumers. A fractional factorial design generated an orthogonal array of 22 hypothetical products that were presented to consumers for rating while K-means cluster analysis was used to segment consumers into four specific consumer segments. The simulation analysis then identified β-glucan-enriched bread concepts targeted specifically at these four market segments. Findings – The simulation analysis identified β-glucan-enriched bread concepts targeted specifically at these four market segments. Originality/value – This research can assist manufacturers who wish to optimally design foods with novel ingredients and aid in the development of product concepts which maximise consumer acceptance and increase the likelihood of product success.

The House of Concepts as a matrix-based problem-solving method in conceptual design

As most of the key properties of a product are determined by its design concept, customer orientation must be ensured very early in the conceptual design phase. Hierarchical concept development can help to reduce the complexity of this strategically significant task. This paper examines the process of hierarchical concept design by means of the House of Concepts (HoC) approach, which was conceived specifically to support customer-oriented concept development. This approach, which builds upon Quality Function Deployment (QFD), is compact, illustrative, enhances comprehensibility and can be considered both a method and a guiding principle. Supporting the creation of solution concepts by analysing the dependencies between requirements, functions, structure and properties with matrix-based methods allows verifying the suitable product concepts. The HoC method promotes customer orientation, especially during conceptual design, and supports systematic concept development at different levels of abstraction. Thus, it enables step-by-step development of product concepts and helps to reduce the complexity of this important engineering task. The HoC approach can be used to ensure customer orientation in the development of product concepts, which leads to an increase in effectiveness in product development.

Success factors of product concepts for convergence products in the telecommunications, internet, media, and entertainment industries

The convergence of the Telecom, Internet, Media and Entertainment (T.I.M.E.) markets has been taking place for decades, but many convergence products designed and marketed by experienced corporations have failed. We propose that the problems associated with newly developed convergence products are often the result of poorly defined product concepts. Specific research on product development and product concepts that is focused on convergence in these industries has so far been largely lacking. In this empirical study, we derived 18 hypotheses on the success factors of convergence products based on information attained from a literature review and interviews with industry experts. We tested these hypotheses using a large scale survey conducted in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. We identified 13 success factors as being relevant for product market success, seven of them being of particular importance. The findings expand on the existing findings on success factors for product development as well as convergence research and practice.

Lean and green product development: two sides of the same coin?

This paper compares and contrasts the lean product development (LPD) and green product development (GPD) concepts through a systematic literature review including 102 journal publications. The revi ...

New product concept selection: an integrated approach using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and conjoint analysis (CA)

New product concept development is considered to be a critical step and the main determinant for the success or failure of new product development. This paper introduces a new methodology for the evaluation and selection of new product concepts using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Conjoint Analysis (CA). The proposed methodology integrates customer perceived value of the new product concepts through the use of CA and uses this perceived value as a measure for the new concepts performance. In addition, the methodology takes into account the development burden that a company has to perform to bring the new concept into a state of market readiness. This development burden is estimated by determining two main factors, namely the burden to produce and the burden to sell the new product concept. The customer perceived value and the development burden are both used in DEA to evaluate the new product concepts resulting in the selection of the best product concept. The applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated through a case study. Keywords: Product development, concept selection, data envelopment analysis, conjoint analysis.

Design-To-Cost Framework in Product Design Using Inventive Problem Solving Technique (TRIZ)

The research carried out to identify ways in which tools and methodologies fromTheory of Inventive Problem-Solving (TRIZ) to solving gaps within the Design-To-Cost (DTC)strategy in product concept development. The aim was to develop an implementationframework for DTC improving product cost and at the same time increase the productinnovation. The research paper reviews TRIZ methodology that has potential to be appliedfor cost reduction initiatives, followed by a discussion of the DTC strategies that commonlypracticed in the various industries. The proposed new DTC implementation framework withTRIZ tools is developed and the research paper concludes with a case study using the new DTCFramework.