Processing Subsystem Research Articles

Semantic Entity-Component State Management Techniques to Enhance Software Quality for Multimodal VR-Systems.

Modularity, modifiability, reusability, and API usability are important software qualities that determine the maintainability of software architectures. Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR) systems, modern computer games, as well as interactive human-robot systems often include various dedicated input-, output-, and processing subsystems. These subsystems collectively maintain a real-time simulation of a coherent application state. The resulting interdependencies between individual state representations, mutual state access, overall synchronization, and flow of control implies a conceptual close coupling whereas software quality asks for a decoupling to develop maintainable solutions. This article presents five semantics-based software techniques that address this contradiction: Semantic grounding, code from semantics, grounded actions, semantic queries, and decoupling by semantics. These techniques are applied to extend the well-established entity-component-system (ECS) pattern to overcome some of this pattern's deficits with respect to the implied state access. A walk-through of central implementation aspects of a multimodal (speech and gesture) VR-interface is used to highlight the techniques' benefits. This use-case is chosen as a prototypical example of complex architectures with multiple interacting subsystems found in many VR, AR and MR architectures. Finally, implementation hints are given, lessons learned regarding maintainability pointed-out, and performance implications discussed.

The design of data management system oriented experiment scene simulation demonstration

Directly using the original experiment data to demonstrate experiment scene has problems like difficult to locate data position, lacking of interactivity. Therefore, the data management system has been established. It contains data reception and process subsystem, digital archives management subsystem and demonstration script make subsystem, and also extends data send engine, experiment data assembly module and interactivity control module based on real-time simulation system. For building this system, the key technologies such as using double buffers and multistage caches to solve the data package loss problem, the data of multiple objects and tasks synchronously sending have been discussed. Through the application of this system, the whole process management of the experiment data has been realized, and the convenience of data using and interactivity of demonstration operation have been effectively promoted.

Identification and analysis of risks in transport chains

By the impact of globalization on the economic sector, and thus on traffic, transport networks are becoming more complex. This leads to a significant connectivity and interdependence of transport chains, which are a series of links and operations that must be performed in specific order to achieve and ensure an optimal flow of goods between the end raw material suppliers and end-users. They can be shown as a complex system which consists of two subsystems, or of the transport process subsystems and transportation process subsystems. These subsystems have their technical, technological and economic characteristics and as such must be synchronized throughout the entire transport chain, regardless of the type of transport chain in question. The complexity of the transport network has changed historically, so there has been a change in the structure of transport chains and an increase in the number of risks that have an adverse effect on the optimal functioning of the transport chains. To minimize the adverse effect of risk on the efficient functioning of the transport chain, companies are taking a number of steps by which the optimization of transport chains can be carried out. So, the companies can be able to choose appropriate methods for risk management in the transport chain, first step is the identification of risks. In this article the identification of risks that are occurring along the transport chain will be shown. Also, the analysis of identified risks will be conducted, according to their impact on the optimal functioning of the transport chain.

Inexact‐aware architecture design for ultra‐low power bio‐signal analysis

This paper introduces an inexact, but ultra-low power, computing architecture devoted to the embedded analysis of bio-signals. The platform operates at extremely low voltage supply levels to minimize energy consumption. In this scenario, the reliability of SRAM memories cannot be guaranteed when using conventional 6-transistor implementations. While error correction codes and dedicated SRAM implementations can ensure correct operations in this near-threshold regime, they incur in significant area and energy overheads, and should therefore be employed judiciously. Herein, we propose a novel scheme to design inexact computing architectures that selectively protects memory regions based on their significance, i.e., their impact on the end-to-end quality of service, as dictated by the bio-signal application characteristics. We illustrate our scheme on an industrial benchmark application performing the power spectrum analysis (PSA) of electrocardiograms. Experimental evidence showcases that a significance-based memory protection approach leads to a small degradation in the output quality with respect to an exact implementation, while resulting in substantial energy gains, both in the memory and the processing subsystem.

Low-Power Enhanced Error-Tolerant Adder for Medical Image Processing Subsystems

Low-Power Enhanced Error-Tolerant Adder for Medical Image Processing Subsystems

Information modeling system for blast furnace control

Modern Iron & Steel Works as a rule are equipped with powerful distributed control systems (DCS) and databases. Implementation of DSC system solves the problem of storage, control, protection, entry, editing and retrieving of information as well as generation of required reporting data. The most advanced and promising approach is to use decision support information technologies based on a complex of mathematical models. The model decision support system for control of blast furnace smelting is designed and operated. The basis of the model system is a complex of mathematical models created using the principle of natural mathematical modeling. This principle provides for construction of mathematical models of two levels. The first level model is a basic state model which makes it possible to assess the vector of system parameters using field data and blast furnace operation results. It is also used to calculate the adjustment (adaptation) coefficients of the predictive block of the system. The second-level model is a predictive model designed to assess the design parameters of the blast furnace process when there are changes in melting conditions relative to its current state. Tasks for which software is developed are described. Characteristics of the main subsystems of the blast furnace process as an object of modeling and control - thermal state of the furnace, blast, gas dynamic and slag conditions of blast furnace smelting - are presented.

Upgrade of beam energy measurement system at BEPC-II**Supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(11375206, 10775142, 10825524, 11125525, 11235011), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015CB856700, 2015CB856705), State key laboratory of particle and detection and electronics; and the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP); the RFBR grant(14-02-00129-a), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER41291, DE-FG02-05ER41374,

The beam energy measurement system is of great importance for both BEPC-II accelerator and BES-III detector. The system is based on measuring the energies of Compton back-scattered photons. In order to meet the requirements of data taking and improve the measurement accuracy, the system has continued to be upgraded, which involves the updating of laser and optics subsystems, replacement of a view-port of the laser to the vacuum insertion subsystem, the use of an electric cooling system for a high purity germanium detector, and improvement of the data acquisition and processing subsystem. The upgrade system guarantees the smooth and efficient measurement of beam energy at BEPC-II and enables accurate offline energy values for further physics analysis at BES-III.

DESIGN OF A FREE AND OPEN SOURCE DATA PROCESSING, ARCHIVING, AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSYSTEM FOR THE GROUND RECEIVING STATION OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENTIFIC EARTH OBSERVATION MICRO-SATELLITE

The Philippines’s PHL-Microsat program aims to launch its first earth observation satellite, DIWATA, on the first quarter of 2016. DIWATA’s payload consists of a high-precision telescope (HPT), spaceborne multispectral imager (SMI) with liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), and a wide field camera (WFC). Once launched, it will provide information about the Philippines, both for disaster and environmental applications. Depending on the need, different remote sensing products will be generated from the microsatellite sensors. This necessitates data processing capability on the ground control segment. Rather than rely on commercial turnkey solutions, the PHL-Microsat team, specifically Project 3:DPAD, opted to design its own ground receiving station data subsystems. This paper describes the design of the data subsystems of the ground receiving station (GRS) for DIWATA. The data subsystems include: data processing subsystem for automatic calibration and georeferencing of raw images as well as the generation of higher level processed data products; data archiving subsystem for storage and backups of both raw and processed data products; and data distribution subsystem for providing a web-based interface and product download facility for the user community. The design covers the conceptual design of the abovementioned subsystems, the free and open source software (FOSS) packages used to implement them, and the challenges encountered in adapting the existing FOSS packages to DIWATA GRS requirements.

DESIGN OF A FREE AND OPEN SOURCE DATA PROCESSING, ARCHIVING, AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSYSTEM FOR THE GROUND RECEIVING STATION OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENTIFIC EARTH OBSERVATION MICRO-SATELLITE

Abstract. The Philippines’s PHL-Microsat program aims to launch its first earth observation satellite, DIWATA, on the first quarter of 2016. DIWATA’s payload consists of a high-precision telescope (HPT), spaceborne multispectral imager (SMI) with liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), and a wide field camera (WFC). Once launched, it will provide information about the Philippines, both for disaster and environmental applications. Depending on the need, different remote sensing products will be generated from the microsatellite sensors. This necessitates data processing capability on the ground control segment. Rather than rely on commercial turnkey solutions, the PHL-Microsat team, specifically Project 3:DPAD, opted to design its own ground receiving station data subsystems. This paper describes the design of the data subsystems of the ground receiving station (GRS) for DIWATA. The data subsystems include: data processing subsystem for automatic calibration and georeferencing of raw images as well as the generation of higher level processed data products; data archiving subsystem for storage and backups of both raw and processed data products; and data distribution subsystem for providing a web-based interface and product download facility for the user community. The design covers the conceptual design of the abovementioned subsystems, the free and open source software (FOSS) packages used to implement them, and the challenges encountered in adapting the existing FOSS packages to DIWATA GRS requirements.

Evolution of the archaeal and mammalian information processing systems: towards an archaeal model for human disease.

Current evolutionary models suggest that Eukaryotes originated from within Archaea instead of being a sister lineage. To test this model of ancient evolution, we review recent studies and compare the three major information processing subsystems of replication, transcription and translation in the Archaea and Eukaryotes. Our hypothesis is that if the Eukaryotes arose within the archaeal radiation, their information processing systems will appear to be one of kind and not wholly original. Within the Eukaryotes, the mammalian or human systems are emphasized because of their importance in understanding health. Biochemical as well as genetic studies provide strong evidence for the functional similarity of archaeal homologs to the mammalian information processing system and their dissimilarity to the bacterial systems. In many independent instances, a simple archaeal system is functionally equivalent to more elaborate eukaryotic homologs, suggesting that evolution of complexity is likely an central feature of the eukaryotic information processing system. Because fewer components are often involved, biochemical characterizations of the archaeal systems are often easier to interpret. Similarly, the archaeal cell provides a genetically and metabolically simpler background, enabling convenient studies on the complex information processing system. Therefore, Archaea could serve as a parsimonious and tractable host for studying human diseases that arise in the information processing systems.

A high performance cost-effective digital complex correlator for an X-band polarimetry survey.

The detailed knowledge of the Milky Way radio emission is important to characterize galactic foregrounds masking extragalactic and cosmological signals. The update of the global sky models describing radio emissions over a very large spectral band requires high sensitivity experiments capable of observing large sky areas with long integration times. Here, we present the design of a new 10 GHz (X-band) polarimeter digital back-end to map the polarization components of the galactic synchrotron radiation field of the Northern Hemisphere sky. The design follows the digital processing trends in radio astronomy and implements a large bandwidth (1 GHz) digital complex cross-correlator to extract the Stokes parameters of the incoming synchrotron radiation field. The hardware constraints cover the implemented VLSI hardware description language code and the preliminary results. The implementation is based on the simultaneous digitized acquisition of the Cartesian components of the two linear receiver polarization channels. The design strategy involves a double data rate acquisition of the ADC interleaved parallel bus, and field programmable gate array device programming at the register transfer mode. The digital core of the back-end is capable of processing 32 Gbps and is built around an Altera field programmable gate array clocked at 250 MHz, 1 GSps analog to digital converters and a clock generator. The control of the field programmable gate array internal signal delays and a convenient use of its phase locked loops provide the timing requirements to achieve the target bandwidths and sensitivity. This solution is convenient for radio astronomy experiments requiring large bandwidth, high functionality, high volume availability and low cost. Of particular interest, this correlator was developed for the Galactic Emission Mapping project and is suitable for large sky area polarization continuum surveys. The solutions may also be adapted to be used at signal processing subsystem levels for large projects like the square kilometer array testbeds.

Burst-mode optical label processor with ultralow power consumption.

A novel label processor subsystem for 100-Gbps (25-Gbps × 4λs) burst-mode optical packets is developed, in which a highly energy-efficient method is pursued for extracting and interfacing the ultrafast packet-label to a CMOS-based processor where label recognition takes place. The method involves performing serial-to-parallel conversion for the label bits on a bit-by-bit basis by using an optoelectronic converter that is operated with a set of optical triggers generated in a burst-mode manner upon packet arrival. Here we present three key achievements that enabled a significant reduction in the total power consumption and latency of the whole subsystem; 1) based on a novel operation mechanism for providing amplification with bit-level selectivity, an optical trigger pulse generator, that consumes power for a very short duration upon packet arrival, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, 2) the energy of optical triggers needed by the optoelectronic serial-to-parallel converter is reduced by utilizing a negative-polarity signal while employing an enhanced conversion scheme entitled the discharge-or-hold scheme, 3) the necessary optical trigger energy is further cut down by half by coupling the triggers through the chip's backside, whereas a novel lens-free packaging method is developed to enable a low-cost alignment process that works with simple visual observation.

Flume testing of seepage velocity monitoring using optic fiber distributed temperature sensing for embankments

Purpose Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) can identify locations and factors of seepage in embankments. Inspired by the classical transient hot-wire method (THW), the focus of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and propose a calibrated method of seepage velocity monitoring using the optical fiber DTS. Design/methodology/approach According to the definition and the measurement of thermal conductivity, the nominal thermal conductivity, which comprehensively reflects the influence of heat transfer and seepage factors, is proposed and the corresponding solution is also derived. Then, a flume testing platform of an embankment seepage monitoring system composed of the optical fiber heat-up subsystem, the seepage controlling subsystem and the optical fiber DTS subsystem is designed and built. Meanwhile, the data processing and assistant analysis subsystem (DPAAS) is also developed to effectively acquire the experimental data of concerned locations and obtain the corresponding nominal thermal conductivity under various seepage conditions. Based on these setups, a series of laboratory flume experiments are carried out under controlled velocities and heating powers. Findings The plots of recorded temperature rise versus natural logarithm of time allow the calculation of nominal thermal conductivities, and then the seepage velocity monitoring model particular to the experimental setup is successfully established with satisfactory precision. Research limitations/implications Considering the complexity of water flow in embankments, a seepage flume that matches the natural system, allowing for larger experimental model scales, various water temperatures, various engineering materials and a wider range of seepage velocities, should be investigated in future. Practical implications The combined THW and DTS method provides promising potential in real-time seepage monitoring of embankment dams with the help of the developed DPAAS. Originality/value In this work, we performed a flume testing of seepage velocity monitoring platform using optical fiber distributed-temperature sensing for embankments based on the transient hot-wire method. Through the testing of data, the seepage velocity monitoring model particular to the experimental setup was established. The results presented here are very encouraging and demonstrate that the DTS system can be used to monitor the temperature and the seepage factors in field applications.

A 16-nm Multiprocessing System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Array Platform

This article presents the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC (multiprocessor system on chip), which builds on the Zynq-7000 family. Compared to the first-generation Zynq, MPSoC increases performance and power efficiency while significantly improving the integration level between the SoC and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It also further raises the programming abstraction with the introduction of a new heterogeneous system-wide compiler. At the hardware level, system-wide coherency and shared virtual memory bridge across the processor subsystem into the programmable logic array. The new SDSoC (software-designed SoC) environment combines the ARM compiler with a high-level synthesis technology-based FPGA compiler and a full-system optimizing compiler to target all elements of the heterogeneous SoC from a common program source.

The Research on the Coordinated Development Evolution of Technology Innovation in New Energy High-tech Industry

Based on improving the Entropy Evaluation Method and Er’xiang Dual Theory, this paper firstly divides new energy high-tech industry system into two subsystems: one is status subsystem, based on the representation of innovation ability and another is process subsystem, based on the measurement of innovation efficiency, than makes a further statement on Er’xiang characteristics of new energy high-tech industry according to the subsystems. Finally, this paper carries out a demonstration measurement through the development level of Er’xiang subsystem, the comprehensive development level of whole system, and the coordinated development level of these two subsystems, of the new energy resources systems in Heilongjiang Province of China from 2005 to 2012. The final evidence shows that the comprehensive developments of new energy high-tech industry system and its Er’xiang subsystems of Heilongjiang Province are on an overall fluctuated climbing condition and the degree of coordinated developments of Er’xiang subsystems is also on an overall rising condition.

Conflicting demands of abstract and specific visual object processing resolved by frontoparietal networks.

Object categorization and exemplar identification place conflicting demands on the visual system, yet humans easily perform these fundamentally contradictory tasks. Previous studies suggest the existence of dissociable visual processing subsystems to accomplish the two abilities-an abstract category (AC) subsystem that operates effectively in the left hemisphere and a specific exemplar (SE) subsystem that operates effectively in the right hemisphere. This multiple subsystems theory explains a range of visual abilities, but previous studies have not explored what mechanisms exist for coordinating the function of multiple subsystems and/or resolving the conflicts that would arise between them. We collected functional MRI data while participants performed two variants of a cue-probe working memory task that required AC or SE processing. During the maintenance phase of the task, the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) exhibited hemispheric asymmetries in functional connectivity consistent with exerting proactive control over the two visual subsystems: greater connectivity to the left hemisphere during the AC task, and greater connectivity to the right hemisphere during the SE task. Moreover, probe-evoked activation revealed activity in a broad frontoparietal network (containing IPS) associated with reactive control when the two visual subsystems were in conflict, and variations in this conflict signal across trials was related to the visual similarity of the cue-probe stimulus pairs. Although many studies have confirmed the existence of multiple visual processing subsystems, this study is the first to identify the mechanisms responsible for coordinating their operations.

Improvement of Beam Energy Measurement System for BES-III

The beam energy measurement system is significant and profit for both BES-III detector and BEPC-II accelerator. The detection of the high energy scattering photons is realized by virtue of the Compton backscattering principle. Many advanced techniques and precise instruments are employed to acquire the highly accurate measurement of positron/electron beam energy. During five years’ running period, in order to satisfy the requirement of data taking and enhance the capacity of measurement itself, the upgradation of system is continued, which involves the components reformation of laser and optics subsystem, replacement of view-port of the laser to vacuum insertion subsystem, the usage of electric cooling system for high purity germanium detector, and the refinement of data acquisition and processing subsystem. The upgrading of system guarantees the smooth and effective measuring of beam energy at BEPC-II and accommodates the accurate offline energy values for further physics analysis at BES-III.

A Subthreshold ARM Cortex-M0+ Subsystem in 65 nm CMOS for WSN Applications with 14 Power Domains, 10T SRAM, and Integrated Voltage Regulator

The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely predicted to comprise billions of connected devices, many of which will be wireless sensor nodes (WSN). Energy efficiency is a huge challenge here, followed by node cost and ease of software (SW) development. Addressing all of the above, this paper presents an 11.7 pJ/cycle subthreshold ARM Cortex-M0+ WSN processing subsystem implemented in low-leakage 65 nm CMOS. Voltage and frequency scalability is from 850 nW active power at 250 mV to 66 MHz above 900 mV, with a fully integrated 82% peak-efficiency voltage regulator for direct-battery operation, and supporting 80 nW CPU and RAM state-retention power gating for SW transparent leakage reduction. SW and system optimization approaches are described and a $2.94\;\boldsymbol{\upmu}{\text{W}}$ SW ECG workload is presented.

THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

The main problem of the Ukrainian economy today is the total loss of production potential. Losing production, the country becomes an outsider in the world economy, “falls out” of the system of international division of labour, giving leadership in the production of traditional goods for it to countries with lower benefits, but more civilized approach to production. One of these traditional products, which have always been “calling card” of Ukraine is sugar. Methodology. The basis for the study of the sugar industry, we have chosen a systematic approach, in which the industry is seen as complex, complete system structural elements, united by a common purpose. At the same time, then the sugar industry is food processing subsystem, part of the process and part of agriculture. Research industry as system and component of a higher order corresponds to the need to maximize the efficiency of its development. The development of the sugar industry in Ukraine should not be a simple transition from one system to another as and complex multifactorial process that represents the law of transition of quantitative changes in quality. Implementation of the main goal of the sugar industry in a dynamic environment is possible only if the selection and implementation of effective strategies must be built into the strategy of agricultural development and national economic strategy. Therefore, the subject of our research are theoretical and applied aspects of effective development of the sugar industry of Ukraine and the purpose of research – strategy development sector in terms of European integration. Results. Under the development strategy of the sugar industry, we understand the unique set of actions and decisions on how to achieve development with minimal energy system. We believe that the strategic goal should be a creation of modern, technically perfect, economically efficient and socially important sugar industry, able to produce competitive products, satisfy the full domestic demand for sugar, to ensure the formation of the state reserve and expand the export base. To achieve this, the industry has a number of assumptions that are regarded as its capabilities, as well as a number of restrictions that impede the development process can significantly influence the content of the strategy or the process of implementation and require removal. Together they form the strategic position of the sugar industry, which today we can characterize as extremely weak. Achieving strategic objective involves the development and implementation of a package of measures which we have divided into three areas: restructuring measures, technical and technological modernization of the industry, diversification of production activities and measures of organizational and economic modified sugar production. Value/originality. The implementation of the proposed measures will overcome the crisis on the first phase, on the second – stabilize production and create conditions for increasing it in the future and, finally, ensure economic growth in the long term.

Resource Saving Approach of Visual Tracking Fiducial Marker Recognition for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking fiducial marker is a challenging problem, because of camera system vibration, which causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the airborne videos and unclear marker vision. Multirotors have very limited weight carrying, controller, and battery power resources. While obtaining and processing motion blurred images, which have no useful information, requires much more image processing subsystem resources. The paper presents blurry image frame elimination based approach of UAV resource saving fiducial marker visual tracking. The proposed approach integrates accelerometer and visual data processing algorithms to predict image blur and skip blurred frames. Experiments have been performed to verify the validity of the proposed approach.