Metadata Processing Research Articles

기관 리포지터리의 검색기능 향상을 위한 인명 접근점제어 시스템 구축 연구

본 연구에서는 셀프 아카이빙(self-archiving)을 기본으로 메타데이터가 구축되는 기관 리포지터리의 인명 검색 문제점을 해결하고자, 인명 접근점제어 데이터를 구축하였다. 이를 위해 기존 도서관의 전거데이터를 활용하면서도 전거형을 인정하지 않고, 정보원에 기재된 형식을 모두 접근점으로 사용하는 그룹화 방법을 사용하고, 동명이인 처리를 위해 저작자의 주제분야와 저작정보를 확장해서 사용하는 새로운 방법을 토대로 인명 접근점제어 데이터를 구축하고 시스템에 적용하여 검색의 기능이 향상되었다. 향후 기관 리포지터리 외에 도서관이 총괄하는 모든 메타데이터의 검색 기능 향상을 위해서도 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

DMetabench—a metadata benchmark for distributed file systems

The performance of metadata processing in large distributed file systems currently presents larger challenges than scaling of data throughput. The paper presents a novel, distributed benchmark call...

The North Carolina Geospatial Data Archiving Project: Challenges and Initial Outcomes

The North Carolina Geospatial Data Archiving Project (NCGDAP) is a partnership of the North Carolina (NC) State University Libraries and the NC Center for Geographic Information & Analysis focused on preservation of state and local geospatial data. This project, executed under an agreement with the Library of Congress as part of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP), is helping to inform development of a national digital preservation infrastructure through a learning-by-doing approach focused on identifying, acquiring, and preserving content within the context of the NC OneMap initiative and its framework of partnerships with state, local, and federal agencies. Although the collection-building aspect of this project is focused solely on the state of North Carolina, the project has served as a demonstration that informs data archiving and time series development more generally. The article discusses how the project has responded to key challenges, including identifying data resources for the archive, data acquisition, determining frequency of data capture, engaging the data producer community and industry, processing and creation of metadata, and repository development. The article also highlights newer initiatives that have emerged as outcomes of the project.

Semantic-driven multimedia retrieval with the MPEG Query Format

The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is a new standard from the MPEG standardization committee which provides a standardized interface to multimedia document repositories. The purpose of this paper is describing the necessary extensions which will allow MPQF to manage metadata modelled with Semantic Web languages like RDF and OWL, and query constructs based on SPARQL. The suggested modifications include the definition of a new MPQF query type, and a generalization of the MPQF metadata processing model. As far as we know, this is the first work to apply the MPEG Query Format to semantic-driven search and retrieval of multimedia contents.

A context-aware middleware for real-time semantic enrichment of distributed multimedia metadata

This paper investigates the problem of the real-time integration and processing of multimedia metadata collected by a distributed sensor network. The discussed practical problem is the efficiency of the technologies used in creating a Knowledge Base in real-time. Specifically, an approach is proposed for the real-time, rule-based semantic enrichment of lower level context features with higher-level semantics. The distinguishing characteristic is the provision of an intelligent middleware-based architecture on which low level components such as sensors, feature extraction algorithms, data sources, and high level components such as application-specific ontologies can be plugged. Throughout the paper, Priamos, a middleware architecture based on Semantic Web technologies is presented, together with a stress-test of the system's operation under two test case scenarios: A smart security surveillance application and a smart meeting room application. Performance measurements are conducted and corresponding results are exposed.

Access to ethnic music: Advances and perspectives in content-based music information retrieval

Access to digital music collections is nowadays facilitated by content-based methods that allow the retrieval of music on the basis of intrinsic properties of audio, in addition to advanced metadata processing. However, access to ethnic music remains problematic, as this music does not always correspond to the Western concepts that underlie the currently available content-based methods. In this paper, we examine the literature on access to ethnic music, while focusing on the reasons why the existing techniques fail or fall short of expectations and what can be done about it. The paper considers a review of the work on signals and feature extraction, on symbolic and semantic information processing, and on metadata and context tools. An overview is given of several European ethnic music archives and related ongoing research projects. Problems are highlighted and suggestions of the ways in which to improve access to ethnic music collections are given.

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Metadata Workflow at Oregon State University Libraries

In July 2005, the Oregon State University Libraries began accepting electronic versions of student theses and dissertations into ScholarsArchive@OSU, the library's institutional repository. By January 2007, all Oregon State University graduate students were required to deposit their final research. This article compares past processes and workflows for print theses and dissertations with the present workflow for electronic. We provide the rationale for changes and review the cost- and time-savings produced. We describe the changing roles of students, technicians, and librarians in the metadata process as well as the value of students describing their own work.

Taking advantage of metadata semantics: the case of learning-object-based lesson graphs

Learning objects (LOs) are pieces of educational material characterized with a valuable amount of information about their content and usage. This additional information is defined as a set of metadata generally following the IEEE LOM specification. This specification also serves to characterize the relations existing between LOs. LOs whose relations are explicit are regarded as the nodes of a lesson graph. Link types and LO metadata constitute the lesson graph semantics. This article proposes to take advantage of lesson graph semantics using a context diffusion approach. It consists in diffusing the metadata-based processes along the edges of the lesson graph. This technique aims at coping with the metadata processing issues arising when some graph metadata are missing, incorrect, or incomplete. This article also presents a three-layer extensible framework for easing the use of context diffusion in a graph. As part of the framework, two original types of metadata processes are introduced. The first one takes advantage of the metadata attribute similarities between related LOs. The second one focuses on the lesson graph consistency. The framework and the application examples were implemented as an open-source Java library used in the lesson graph authoring tool LessonMapper2. During the lesson authoring process, we show that the framework can bring support not only for generating and validating metadata, but also for retrieving LOs.

Misinformation and Bias in Metadata Processing: Matching in Large Databases

This article discusses structural, systems, and other types of bias that arise in matching new records to large databases. The focus is databases for bibliographic utilities, but other related database concerns will be discussed. Problems of satisfying a “match” with sufficient flexibility and rigor in an environment of imperfect data are presented, and sources of unintentional variance are discussed.

Storytelling in an automated environment

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to report the results of a project incorporating metadata analysis for the creation of curated guides to a digital library of historic photographic images.Design/methodology/approachThe general format and scope of the curated guides was determined by members of the project team. Automated processing was developed to analyze subject terms in metadata of digital images submitted to the digital library collection. The results of the metadata processing were used to narrow the themes of the curated guides, and to help create canned searches that would expose representative collection content. The curated guides were created and made available to users of the digital image collection.FindingsProcessing and analyzing metadata can be a useful tool in the creation of digital library collection guides. However, the usefulness of this method is highly dependent upon consistency and accuracy of the source metadata records.Practical implicationsCreators of digital library collections are shown a method of using existing resources to create collection guides. The value of metadata demonstrated by this application may affect considerations of the cost of metadata creation.Originality/valueThis activity discussed in this paper addresses an established need among digital library practitioners – the need to provide users with guided access to the content of their collections. The method discussed for creating curated guides is repeatable, and could be improved in further applications.

An approach to creating a national digital library

The National Library of Portugal (BN) is a patrimonial library. This presents special motivations to pursue goals, at both national and international levels, related to a wide range of new technical areas, especially with regard to digital publishing; digitization; preservation of cultural artifacts; metadata creation, processing, and exchange; services for resource discovery, access, and interoperability; etc. Each of these areas brings new expectations and requirements for new skills, which BN has been identifying and developing in recent years in trials and pilot initiatives. As a result, valuable expertise has been built up, making it possible to conceive an actual model for the National Digital Library, which has been envisioned as a coherent group of services and resources for users, developed and maintained by professionals and with the involvement of external agents. The technical solutions are based on open and scalable technology and have been built and integrated incrementally, ultimately to be consolidated with the traditional library’s services. This paper describes the motivations, requirements, and results of that case.

Repurposing MARC metadata: using digital project experience to develop a metadata management design

Metadata and information technology staff in libraries that are building digital collections typically extract and manipulate MARC metadata sets to provide access to digital content via non‐MARC schemes. Metadata processing in these libraries involves defining the relationships between metadata schemes, moving metadata between schemes, and coordinating the intellectual activity and physical resources required to create and manipulate metadata. Actively managing the non‐MARC metadata resources used to build digital collections is something most of these libraries have only begun to do. This article proposes strategies for managing MARC metadata repurposing efforts as the first step in a coordinated approach to library metadata management. Guided by lessons learned from Cornell University library mapping and transformation activities, the authors apply the literature of data resource management to library metadata management and propose a model for managing MARC metadata repurposing processes through the implementation of a metadata management design.

Metadata in TV Production: Associating the TV Production Process with Relevant Technologies

At each step in the production process the metadata to be collected and used has different characteristics. Possible metadata processing is listed for the major steps in TV production with an indication of the benefits and overheads at each point. Some of the metadata formats that are suitable and optimized for broadcasting are briefly described, with the key technologies of XML, MXF, and AAF being identified. A table of the production process is used to show how we can store and use the metadata at each stage.

Managing data-based systems across releases using historical data dictionaries

Many software systems, especially data-based ones, can be partially specified using tabular meta-data, which are more amenable to machine manipulation and analysis than procedural code. For instance, it is easier to build tools to manipulate a data-base schema expressed in a normalized tabular form than the same schema written as Structured-Query-Language (SQL) code. A historical data dictionary (HDD) is a system for storing and processing meta-data spanning several releases of a software system. It is useful for historical queries, code generation, release planning, and design of procedures for transitioning a data-based system efficiently between releases. This paper describes the structure of an HDD and the technology transfer issues associated with introducing this technology into the maintenance processes for Lucent Technologies' AutoPACE® decision support system. The introduction of HDDs has led directly to significant improvements in system availability, product quality, lead-time, and programmer productivity.

The Kendra cache replacement policy and its distribution

The Kendra project's aim is to develop a distributed multimedia delivery system which utilises intelligent caching mechanisms to improve availability, performance and reliability while minimising storage space and network utilisation. In this paper we present the Kendra cache replacement technique and its performance against widely varying test data. We then examine the replacement policy's performance in both a geographically organised hierarchy of caches and a geographically ordered multicast group of caches. We demonstrate a considerable improvement in Internet delivery performance both in terms of response time and bandwidth saving and uniquely exam the trade-off between cache performance and metadata processing.

Selected Research Issues in Decision Support Databases

A flurry of buzzwords awaits anyone investigating database technology for decision support: data warehouse, multidimensional and dimensional database, on-line analytical processing, star schema, slicing, dicing, drill-down and roll-up. We introduce the area via an example based on a long-ago project to design a repository on energy information for the US Department of Energy. Once we have introduced some terminology, we explore research issues associated with decision-support databases, including representation, modeling, metadata, architectures and query processing. The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers with the background they need to contribute to this area.

Web metadata: a matter of semantics

The sheer volume of information can make searching the Web frustrating. The paper considers how the Resource Description Framework, with its focus on machine-understandable semantics, has the potential for saving time and yielding more accurate search results. RDF, a foundation for processing metadata, provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine understandable information on the Web.