Agricultural Waste Processing Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR CATTLE BASED ON FEED RESOURCES IN MANDAILING NATAL DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATRA


 
 
 This research aims to analyze the potential and strategy for developing livestock based on feed resources in Man- dailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. The method used in this research is the SWOT analysis survey method. The results of the research show that the potential feed resources in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra come from intercrop forage (orange, oil palm) forage in galengan rice fields, agricultural crop waste and agricultural/ agricultural processing waste with a total feed production of 41,028,554 Kg Dry Ingridients/year and can accommo- date 14,987 Livestock Unit. The cattle development strategy based on SWOT analysis is to build a cattle feed proces- sing industry by utilizing feed resources, industrial raw materials, geographical location and government support.
 
 

Upaya berkelanjutan: peningkatan pupuk kompos plus berbasis limbah nilam dan abu sekam padi di Gampong Teungoh Geunteut, Aceh Besar (Sustainable efforts: enhancing compost plus fertilizer based on patchouli waste and rice husk ash in Teungoh Geunteut Village, Aceh Besar)

Teungoh Geunteut Village is one of the enormous patchouli cultivation centers in Aceh. The high quality of the patchouli oil produced creates great potential for the community to carry out agriculture. However, the large number of patchouli farmers in Teungoh Geunteut Village has resulted in a massive accumulation of patchouli waste thrown out from distillation using steam boilers. The patchouli waste has not yet been utilized properly, resulting in environmental problems. To overcome the uncontrolled accumulation of patchouli waste, PKM-PM teams took the initiative to utilize the patchouli waste into compost plus fertilizer. Compost plus fertilizer can overcome environmental problems and be an alternative solution to replace the undersupply of subsidized fertilizer the government provides. Producing compost plus fertilizer can be enhanced by adding bio silica from rice husk ash. Bio silica contained in rice husk ash has an important role in absorbing the nutrients plants need to initiate quality compost plus fertilizer. The service activities were carried out in August-September 2023 in Teungoh Genteut Village on one of the residents' lands. In carrying out this activity, the team carried out 3 series of stages, namely: (1) socialization on making compost plus fertilizer, (2) direct practice on making solid and liquid compost plus fertilizer, and (3) packaging compost plus fertilizer. The results achieved in this activity are solid and liquid compost fertilizer products that can be used as commercial materials to improve the economy of the Teungoh Geunteut community. Apart from that, this service activity can be used as a forum to increase residents' knowledge and understanding regarding the processing of agricultural waste into compost and techniques for marketing strategies.

Waste Corn Straw as a Green Reductant for Hematite Reduction Roasting: Phase Transformation, Microstructure Evolution and Process Mechanism

Mineral phase transformation (MPT) of hematite to magnetite by reduction roasting is a viable means of developing refractory iron ore resources. However, conventional coal-based reductants are prone to high carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Biomass, as a renewable green reductant, can make the MPT process more environmentally friendly while reducing the environmental impact associated with processing agricultural waste. This study systematically explored the feasibility of waste corn straw as a green reductant for hematite. Under the conditions of 8 min, 700 °C, a mass ratio of corn straw to hematite of 1:4, and a N2 flow rate of 300 mL/min, the best beneficiation indexes were achieved, with an iron grade of 69.82% and an iron recovery of 93.95%. During the MPT process, hematite was reduced under the action of corn straw, and the new magnetite particles were loose and porous, showing an acicular crystal structure. Meanwhile, the corn straw was converted into porous biochar.

Sosialisasi Kelayakan Aspek Keuangan Pembuatan Briket pada UMKM Produksi Arang di Desa Waringinkaya

Waringinkarya is one of the villages located in the Lemah Abang subdistrict of Karawang Regency. Waringinkarya Village is known for its extensive potential in rice farming areas. Based on the livelihood aspect of the village's population, it is quite diverse, with the majority engaged in farming. The processing of agricultural waste such as rice shells into charcoal briquettes holds high economic value and can serve as an alternative to enhance the economic well-being of the village residents. The focus of this project is a UMKM engaged in charcoal production. The main objective of the project is to promote the utilization of agricultural waste in the production of high-value charcoal briquettes. The results of the service project include providing information on production methods and financial projections obtained from the processing of agricultural waste into briquettes.
 Keywords: Waste, Agriculture, Briquette, UMKM, Financial

APPLICATION OF RATION FORMULATION BASED ON AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS GOAT COMPLETE FEEDING IN KALIMPORO VILLAGE, JENEPONTO REGENCY

This community service was carried out in Kalimporo Village, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, and aimed to increase farmers' knowledge, especially the Kalimporo Village farmers group, regarding the utilization and processing of agricultural waste into complete feed for livestock. Community Service was held on Sunday, 4th June 2023 in Kalimporo Village, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, attended by 25 out of 30 farmers (83.3%). The method used was discourse and plot demonstration. The results of this community service were the use of several types of agricultural waste such as bran, green bean skin, corn cobs, lamtoro, cassava, copra meal, and pollard available around the village to be formulated into complete feed with added minerals and salt. The ration was tested in the laboratory and showed good quality with a crude protein content of 12.13%. The feed was highly palatable when given to the goats. Ration based on agricultural waste can be used as a complete feed for goats with economic value so as to reduce livestock production costs and improve the farmers' well-being in Kalimporo Village, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi.

Properties and applications of α-galactosidase in agricultural waste processing and secondary agricultural process industries.

Agriculture products form the foundation building blocks of our daily lives. Although they have been claimed to be renewable resources with a low carbon footprint, the agricultural community is constantly challenged to overcome two post-harvest bottlenecks: first, farm bio-waste, a substantial economic and environmental burden to the farming sector, and second, an inefficient agricultural processing sector, plagued by the need for significant energy input to generate the products. Both these sectors require extensive processing technologies that are demanding in their energy requirements and expensive. To address these issues, an enzyme(s)-based green chemistry is available to break down complex structures into bio-degradable compounds that source alternate energy with valuable by-products and co-products. α-Galactosidase is a widespread class of glycoside hydroxylases that hydrolyzes α-galactosyl moieties in simple and complex oligo and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. As a result of its growing importance, in this review we discuss the source of the enzyme, production and purification systems, and enzyme properties. We also elaborate on the enzyme's potential in agricultural bio-waste management, secondary agricultural industries like sugar refining, soymilk derivatives, food and confectionery, and animal feed processing. Insight into this vital enzyme will provide new avenues for less expensive green chemistry-based secondary agricultural processing and agricultural sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Utilization of Bokashi Composting and Animal Feed Silage for Sustainable Agricultural Waste Management and Environmental Impact Analysis

<p>Agriculture is a major driver of sustainable development in developing countries. However, with the increase in the global population, the amount of waste generated by agriculture has also increased, leading to environmental pollution. The increase in agricultural activity is proportional to the increase in livestock activity. As livestock production increases globally, increasing amounts of manure are produced. Out of the many methods for processing agricultural waste, only a few prioritize aspects of soil quality in the agricultural environment and can be used to improve crop quality. This paper presents a utilization and recycling method using bokashi composting and silage animal feed, and the environmental impact of these methods. The analysis was performed using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The number of sites and site locations was calculated based on the number and location of existing farmer groups. Future bokashi composting and animal feed silage are expected to be utilized by more people, given their small environmental impact and improved soil and crop quality. In addition, further research needs to discuss this method to optimize the increased utilization of agricultural waste.</p>

OPTIMALISASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN MELALUI PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA TEMPOS KECAMATAN GERUNG

Tempos Village is a village located in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency. Some of the agricultural areas in Tempos Village are corn, rice, honey, and several fruit plantations. One of the efforts to maximize the growth and productivity of plants is by applying compost. Compost Fertilizer is organic fertilizer derived from plant residues and animal waste that has undergone a process of decomposition or weathering. Socialization and training on the processing of agricultural waste or livestock waste into compost or organic fertilizer were tried. The application of the activity is carried out in a participatory manner, the procedure for this activity puts into practice the concept of integration between the socialization of lecture procedures and the direct application of directly linking residents. The socialization activity can be declared successful in terms of the participants' descriptions of the modules that have been informed and the enthusiasm of all participants can be said to be great. If the socialization participants are able to make processed products that are well exemplified and get a bonus of knowledge about making compost, starting from equipment and materials to the manufacturing process. So that the training on making compost can be declared a success. From the participants showing positive reactions related to product labeling and packaging, they felt optimistic that this could increase the selling value of the product itself and make it more desirable in the market. The compost produced in this practice can be used by residents for sprinkling on agricultural land, plantations, or rice fields. The implementation of the UNRAM Thematic KKN work program with the theme "Advanced and Sustainable Agriculture" which was carried out in Tempos Village began with socialization activities regarding organic fertilizers, manufacturing practices, packaging practices, and product assessments that had been carried out properly.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The article substantiates the expediency of implementing organic agricultural production in order to ensure sustainable development and the restoration of post-war agriculture, and suggests ways of solving the problem of the utilisation of agricultural waste by agricultural enterprises. Methodology. In the process of research the scientific works of domestic scientists on the problems of development of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sector of economy were processed. In order to achieve the goal, general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely: abstract-logical, methods of analogy and comparison, induction and deduction (for theoretical generalisation); monographic (for deepening the study of the state and features of development of agrarian entrepreneurship); formalisation method (for determining directions of solving the problem of waste disposal both in plant and animal production). Results. The results of the research show that entrepreneurial activity is spreading in Ukraine, because entrepreneurship contributes to the expansion of the field of application of agricultural labour, creates new opportunities for employment of the unemployed rural population and releases workers from inefficient enterprises. It has been established that the main task of these enterprises is to be competitive on the market and to sell products that are in demand by consumers. It was found that organic food products are superior to traditional products in terms of consumer parameters, but inferior in terms of economic parameters, especially price. It has been established that businesses, regardless of their form of ownership, are waste producers. It has been proven that the plant and animal husbandry sectors make a significant contribution to the generation of organic waste, and agricultural enterprises are therefore faced with the important task of effectively managing this waste. Practical implications. The introduction of zero-waste production is a decisive step towards the energy self-sufficiency of a farm by processing agricultural waste in biogas plants to produce an alternative fuel such as biofuel.

Improving Soil Fertility Through Agricultural Waste Treatment in Subak Telun Ayah, Gianyar, Bali

The community service carried out aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of farmers in the processing of agricultural waste, especially composting rice straw. Community service is also held to increase farmers' knowledge regarding the role of rice straw compost in improving soil fertility. The method used is socialization or counseling as a form of knowledge transfer to farmers. The socialization involved 20 members of the Subak Telun Ayah group, Gianyar Bali. The results show that due to limited knowledge of the benefits of rice straw for soil fertility, farmers tend to burn the agricultural waste produced. Farmers also do not believe in the benefits of compost so they prefer the use of inorganic fertilizers.

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI SILASE DAN AMONIASI SEBAGAI SOLUSI KETAHANAN PAKAN

This community service (PKM) activity aimed to increase the knowledge and skills of breeders in processing and preserving agricultural waste as a solution for feed security. The specific objective to be achieved was to increase livestock production through the provision of feed according to livestock needs, both in terms of quality and quantity. This PKM activity was carried out at the Harapan Sejahtera Farmer Group located in Aia Pacah Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Counseling and practice provided to breeders were in the form of processing Sweet Corn Straw Silage (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) and Rice Straw (Oryza sativa) into Ammoniation. The method used in empowering the target group was learning techniques in the form of providing theory, counseling and practice to members of the target group. The result of this activity showed that the Harapan Sejahtera Farmers Group can provide motivation to farmers to process agricultural waste into quality feed. After counseling, farmers become aware and motivated in processing agricultural waste into quality feed for feed security, especially in the dry season. In addition, managing agricultural waste, and turned it into beneficial products with economic value.

Оцінка біоенергетичного потенціалу АПК для забезпечення енергетичної незалежності галузі

The purpose of the study is to assess the bioenergy potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine to ensure the energy independence of the industry. The article analyzes the structure of the world-wide supply of primary energy and determines the share of renewable energy sources (hereinafter – RES) in this structure. The expediency of using biomass for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is substantiated. The classification of the main sources of biomass for energy production is characterized, which, first of all, include primary wood, agricultural waste (dry and wet residues), energy plants, food and industrial waste. The formation of primary agricultural waste in Ukraine is studied, starting from the gross harvest of the main crops and waste coefficients. The theoretical bioenergy potential of primary crop waste in Ukraine in terms of equivalent fuel based on the heat of combustion of waste from the corresponding crops is calculated. The technical bioenergy potential of crop waste has been determined using the coefficients of technical accessibility, the basis of which is the existing technologies for the collection and processing of agricultural waste into energy. An assessment of the economic potential of crop waste for energy production is carried out, the computed technical potential of crop waste and the coefficient of energy use of waste have been taken as the basis for the calculation. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that in Ukraine, the primary waste of such crops as corn for grain, sunflower, wheat, rapeseed and soybeans has the greatest potential for use for energy purposes. The main barriers that hinder the development of bioenergy in Ukraine and slow down the pace of achieving energy independence of the agro-industrial complex are identified. The main ways to overcome the identified barriers are proposed, which should stimulate the use of the bioenergy potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine.

Possibilities of processing agricultural waste at energy efficient facilities to produce gas, liquid and solid energy products

Comparatively, the results of experimental studies of pyrolysis of bio-plant material and oil sludge were studied, which gave similar results. The article provides scientific and technical information on the problems of processing solid waste and residues of biological origin. It has been shown that by thermal destruction, it is possible to obtain hydrocarbons of a gaseous, liquid consistency, and solid mass, preferably consisting of hydrocarbons with a small number of hydrocarbon residues.

Mekanisme Pembuatan Briket Berbasis Limbah Pertanian yang Ramah Lingkungan

The problems that are often encountered are the problem of garbage or waste from human activities, these activities include households, agriculture, factories, and others. The purpose of this research is to reduce waste or waste that is really needed at this time whether it is used for other alternative sources that are environmentally friendly, so that waste or waste from agricultural activities does not continue to increase, organic fertilizer and briquettes or charcoal can be used. In this study using the method of literature review from various international journals. The journal used starts from the past 10 years, namely 2012-2022 and searches for it via Google Scolar. Keywords used when searching journals on Google Scolar such as "agricultural waste processing", "briquette management", and "agricultural waste". Garbage is the remains of human activities that are not reused but can produce a useful new product. There are various types of waste or waste, one of which is agricultural waste which can produce products that are beneficial to the environment or environmentally friendly. Agricultural waste is the part of agricultural plants from the top or shoots to the remaining stems after harvesting activities. Utilization of agricultural waste is very useful for humans, the environment, and other living things. One of the uses of this agricultural waste is as briquettes which are a new alternative source that is environmentally friendly because it comes from various plant residues produced during harvesting activities. Most of the agricultural waste comes from rice. So, the existence of agricultural waste can be used as a new alternative source that is environmentally friendly and inexpensive.

Mainways of public-private partnership development in agro-industrial production and rural areas of Ukraine

Majority of social and economic problems of Ukraine’s agrarian sphere can not be solved without formation of partner relationships and constructive dialogue between the state and private business. The formation of partner relationship models opens up new possibilities and provides certain advantages for participators’ agreement. The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of implementation of public-private partnership projects and determine the main ways for PPP development in Ukraine. In the article reveals the historical aspect of public-private partnership (PPP) development between the state and private participator in different countries of the world. The current state of development, the features of the constructive interaction between state bodies and business in solving of long-term socially important tasks of social and economic development are analyzed. The expediency of developing partnership between state and business is grounded. The main factors of negative influence on the effectiveness of PPP projects implementation in agrarian sphere are identifed . The main models of private business participation in the accomplishment of investment projects in agro-industrial production are considered and their main features are determined. It is proven that implementation of PPP projects promotes the effective management of state and municipal property objects and the creation of conditions for use of new technologies and innovation, etc. The high efciency of PPP mechanism as a form of interaction between state and business has been proven by the experience of many countries around the world. Thus, public-private partnership needs to be developed in our country to solve signifcant social and economic problems through combining the resources of public and private sectors. To do this, it is necessary to overcome a number of legislative, political, economic and institutional barriers that hinder the PPP development. The study generalizes the world practice of using of the PPP mechanism in agriculture and determines the main priority directions of PPP project implementation in agro-industrial production and rural areas of Ukraine. These include: construction, maintenance and management of wholesale markets of agricultural production; development of infrastructure of agrarian market; development of production infrastructure, agricultural waste processing; irrigation systems construction, operation and management; construction, exploitation and management of social infrastructure objects in rural areas. The study reveals that PPP in Ukraine develops very slowly, the level of PPP project accomplishment is low, the number of implemented projects is minimal and its effectiveness is low because of legal and economic obstacles for doing business. The problem is not so much the low number number of concluded agreement between the state and the private partner, but rather the effectiveness and efciency of their implementation. Key words: public-private partnership, agrarian sector, PPP projects, forms of PPP, state, private partner, innovation development, agreement.

Briket Dari Limbah Organik Wortel Sebagai Upaya Pengolahan Limbah Industri Desa Giripurno, Kecamatan Bumiaji

Briquette is an alternative energy source which is a non-renewable fossil fuel substituent. In addition, briquettes are also one of the products of biomass fuel which are currently widely used as alternative fuels. Organic waste from vegetables is one of the potentials that can be developed into fuel in the form of biochar. Giripurno Village is a village with quite large agricultural products, but the processing of agricultural waste in the village is still not carried out optimally. One of the agricultural commodities in Giripurno Village is carrots where organic carrot waste has the potential to be processed into biochar or briquette fuel products. The purpose of this carrot waste treatment is so that the village community understands the potential of organic waste produced from agricultural products in Giripurno Village. The method used is by compiling a module for making carrot organic waste briquettes and conducting socialization and submitting the module to village representatives in order to increase the wider economic potential of the village. The results of carrot briquettes have a burning time resistance of 51.05 minutes with an ash content of 18.12%. Thus, carrot briquettes are one of the potentials to improve the village economy and can be used as one of the main commodities of Giripurno Village.

Agricultural waste in Ukraine: generation volumes and recycling issues

In the context of agricultural waste recycling perspectives, the article addresses the issues of its structure, approaches to classification, determining its volumes and generation processes, and waste generation coverage in statistical observations. The author offers the consideration of three classification groups of agricultural waste: crop, animal, and agrochemical waste. The low level of agricultural waste representation in official domestic statistical reports is emphasized. The methodological approaches to calculating the crop and animal waste are suggested, and agricultural waste in Ukrainian regions is calculated and mapped. The calculations show that the annual volume of agricultural waste generation in Ukraine amounts to 177.5 million tons, and only about 5 percent of them are represented in statistical reports. This situation almost eliminates the creation of an efficient public waste management system that would secure the inclusion of tens of millions of tons of crop and animal origin resources in economic turnover through waste recycling and complicates the implementation of business projects in the reuse and processing of agricultural waste. The article outlines the directions, technological forms, and reserves of primary and secondary agricultural waste recycling. It also defines three possible ways to use primary crop waste: to secure animal breeding needs, for energy purposes, and as a fertilizer. Most animal wastes are safe and low-hazard, and can be used as secondary material or energy resources. Manure plays a special role in agricultural animal waste recycling. Biologically cleaned, disinfected, or biothermally processes manure is a valuable organic fertilizer. Energy is considered to be a perspective direction of the manure use in Ukraine. The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the competitiveness of agricultural waste recycling directions based on the general economic and environmental reasonability.

Methodology for Sustainable Processing of Agricultural Wastes: Case Study of Cocoa and Bamboo in Colombian Context

Methodology for Sustainable Processing of Agricultural Wastes: Case Study of Cocoa and Bamboo in Colombian Context

Effect of Mephosphonee on methane generation in organic waste processing

The purpose of the study is to determine an effective technological method for the complete anaerobic processing of agricultural waste. It also aims to create and implement an effective technological method of sufficiently complete anaerobic processing of agricultural waste, including taking into account biologically active additives. A new technology for the disposal of organic agricultural waste and the influence of Mephosphone on the process of methane formation using a biogas unit at a processing facility developed at Kazan State Agrarian University is considered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented, which made it possible to significantly reduce the utilization time, and reduce the cost of electricity and fuel. The experiments were carried out in a low-capacity biogas unit (LCBU) without air access in a heat-insulated reactor filled by 2/3. The results of numerical studies of the products of conversion of cattle manure are presented. Manure was kept in the reactor for 7 days. The use of Mephosphone in ultra-low concentrations (10-4) made it possible to obtain a useful product in the form of high-quality organic biofertilizer and biogas. The results of microbiological analysis of experiments in the test center of the Tatar Interregional Veterinary Laboratory are shown.

Peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat pasca pandemic covid-19 melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan desa laboratorium terpadu di Kelurahan Olak Kemang

This study aims to (1) Increase community income which fluctuates after the Covid-19 pandemic through the provision of goat livestock assistance, (2) Provide knowledge to the community, especially breeders related to good livestock management, and (3) Provide understanding to the community in Olak Kemang Village in improving the potential quality of agricultural waste as goat feed. The method used is a descriptive and quantitative approach. A descriptive approach was taken to provide an overview of the conditions in Olak Kemang Village supported by field data related to counseling and socialization of livestock rearing management, training on processing agricultural waste as animal feed. The quantitative approach uses an investment analysis of the feasibility of the goat farming business and the socio-economic conditions of the community. The results of this activity show that quantitatively, the calculation of investment analysis and business feasibility can be described that the goat farming business provides a profit of Rp. 30,210,000 so that the average monthly income for each family head is Rp. 359,643. With a partner's level of satisfaction with this activity is more than 80%.