Processes Of Work Research Articles

الرقمنة والرأسمالية وتحولات العمل الأكاديمي المعاصر: دراسة تقييمية للفرص والمخاطر

Modern universities have always been an embedded part of capitalism in political, economic, and cultural terms. Situated in this economic and political context, this study's overall task was to analyze and evaluate the critical literature reviews that have examined the complicated relationship among higher education, academics, digital media, and capitalism. Thematically, the study sought to: Provide the history, context, and the main arguments of capitalism and digitalism in its relationship to universities and academic labor; Analyze the relationship between academic work and digital media/new information and communication technologies/digital economy/social media; Discuss the potential and challenges within and beyond Arab higher education institutions. The central hypothesis of this study is that the processes of restructuring academic work that are underway today could be a reason behind unemployment, insecurity in academia, and bias against certain social classes. The results of the analysis asserted the imperative of higher education transformation at both the levels of digitalism and capitalism for several reasons. As per the digitization policies of Arab higher education institutions, the study revealed that risks in the current stage outweigh advantages. Arab high education requires in-depth change plans to enhance the acceptance and assimilation of new technologies and facilitate digital adoption on both the individual and institutional levels. Additionally, there is a need to pay serious attention to the necessary foundations for building the ecological environment of digital transformation like infrastructure, legislation and policies, digital skills, availability of the necessary financing, and governance.

Professional Values and Managerialist Practices: Values work by nurses in the emergency department

Interest in values work – the purposeful effort of actors to create, maintain and disrupt the values of organizations, professions and other institutions – is growing among scholars. We ask: How do frontline professionals engage in values work while enacting managerialist practices inside organizations? We investigate this question using a case study of nurses enacting managerialist practices associated with time-efficient work flow in a hospital emergency department in Australia. Our findings show that professionals engage in values work by categorizing the values of the profession and taking actions within the managerialist practice to (1) defend a superordinate value category, (2) contain erosion of a subordinate value category, and (3) integrate a basic value category. Our study brings attention to how multiple values complicate the processes of values work when particular values become implicated in organizational practices. Frontline professionals become motivated and take actions to accomplish values within a relational system of multiple values according to relative importance and relevance to the local context. Our study offers a way forward for understanding the performance of values work within the ‘new normal’ for professions in contemporary organizational contexts.

Imagining the public: anticipatory discourses in China’s push for precision medicine

Precision medicine (PM) has become a buzzword in global scientific and medical circles ever since the United States National Research Council 2011 report and the Obama Administration’s unveiling of its PM Initiative in 2015. In response in 2016, the Chinese government pledged $9 billion USD to PM research in the coming years and has designated PM as a key projects in various national plans. While promises of PM in China has similarities to those found in the U.S. and elsewhere, the way in which PM is anticipated stems from an imagination of the Chinese public as separate from the processes of scientific work and policymaking. Based on an analysis of documents and interviews with researchers and entrepreneurs in PM, this paper identifies aspects of the Chinese sociotechnical imaginary of the public and delineates three strands of anticipatory discourse used to galvanize support for PM in China: anxieties over demographic and developmental transitions, unlocking innovation in the “new normal” of slowing economic growth, and techno-nationalist competitions between the U.S. and China.

A South African perspective on community psychology practice competencies.

The appropriateness of the paradigm underlying competency frameworks and their specific application in the list of definitions developed by a Task Group of Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) for US community psychologists need further consideration. This paper considers the technicist and behavioural roots of some of these concepts, illustrating tensions when applying them to community psychology. It then proposes a competency perspective from the global South. Drawing from focus group discussions with, and written reflections from, postgraduate Master's students in training as clinical and counselling psychologists, this paper builds inductively from the recorded data. Following a template analysis of the material, four integrating themes were evident. The distinctive nature of community psychology is highlighted through the themes: relational foundations, activity evolution, self-management and the awareness and influences of processes. Proposals for an alternative framework ("RASP") are based on its emergence from the applications of learning to practice, emphasising community-based principles. The importance of reflection as the basis for the learning is highlighted. The imperatives to foreground social justice and to enable reflexive thinking on action are discussed, along with concepts based on Humanist and Social Constructivist paradigms, to lead to more interactive and inclusive processes in work on competencies.

A Self-Organizing Fuzzy Logic Classifier for Benchmarking Robot-Aided Blasting of Ship Hulls.

Regular dry dock maintenance work on ship hulls is essential for maintaining the efficiency and sustainability of the shipping industry. Hydro blasting is one of the major processes of dry dock maintenance work, where human labor is extensively used. The conventional methods of maintenance work suffer from many shortcomings, and hence robotized solutions have been developed. This paper proposes a novel robotic system that can synthesize a benchmarking map for a previously blasted ship hull. A Self-Organizing Fuzzy logic (SOF) classifier has been developed to benchmark the blasting quality of a ship hull similar to blasting quality categorization done by human experts. Hornbill, a multipurpose inspection and maintenance robot intended for hydro blasting, benchmarking, and painting, has been developed by integrating the proposed SOF classifier. Moreover, an integrated system solution has been developed to improve dry dock maintenance of ship hulls. The proposed SOF classifier can achieve a mean accuracy of 0.9942 with an execution time of 8.42 µs. Realtime experimenting with the proposed robotic system has been conducted on a ship hull. This experiment confirms the ability of the proposed robotic system in synthesizing a benchmarking map that reveals the benchmarking quality of different areas of a previously blasted ship hull. This sort of a benchmarking map would be useful for ensuring the blasting quality as well as performing efficient spot wise reblasting before the painting. Therefore, the proposed robotic system could be utilized for improving the efficiency and quality of hydro blasting work on the ship hull maintenance industry.

Countertransference Processes in Psychodynamic Therapy with Dependent (Anaclitic) Depressed Patients: A Qualitative Study Using Supervision Data.

Although Blatt's two-polarity model of depression has suggested that patients' interpersonal styles may shape countertransference phenomena in psychotherapy, empirical research on this topic has remained scarce. This article provides an in-depth study of countertransference processes in clinical work with dependent (anaclitic) depressed patients using a qualitative methodology. Thematic analysis of narrative material of psychodynamic therapists discussing patient cases during supervision (n = 7) resulted in four recurrent themes: "empathy, compassion, and support," "anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, and protection," "frustration, irritation, and confrontation," and "inadequacy, incompetence, and fatalism." We found that these countertransference processes mainly revolved around perceived adaptive and maladaptive aspects of patients' relational functioning. Regarding clinical practice, our study suggests that therapists can use countertransference to determine in which position they are maneuvered by patients, although we caution against the exclusive use of subjectively informed data as a benchmark in the diagnostic and treatment process. We conclude that further in-depth research on countertransference and personality styles is needed to identify pitfalls in the treatment of depression.

Numerical modeling of the controlled lifting of the structure

The numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the soil mass at the base of the settled foundations of structures with the aim of predicting the possibility of their rise by the method of compensating directed discharge is based on the developed finite element method (FEM) program, verified on a number of test problems. The verification results are compared with the decisions of O. Zenkevich [ p. 3], with analytic solutions of V.G. Rekacha [p. 5] and G. Lame [p. 6]. Comparisons of the results of a numerical solution of the inverse Lame problem are presented. The error in the results of the comparisons does not exceed 0,5 %. In the framework of the linear theory of elasticity, inverse problems have been solved for obtaining displacements on the day surface of the soil at the base of the foundation of the structure with targeted injection of self-expanding mixtures in the thickness of the soil base. The process of targeted injection of self-expanding mixtures using the FEM is modeled by point displacements of the nodes of the computational domain and a change in the boundary conditions. The results obtained on the displacements of the day surface, depending on the local increase in volume in the soil stratum, allow us to judge about the adequate operation of the program and the possibilities of numerical modeling of the processes of work during compensatory injection.

DNA Methylation Heterogeneity Induced by Collaborations Between Enhancers.

During mammalian embryo development, reprogramming of DNA methylation plays important roles in the erasure of parental epigenetic memory and the establishment of naive pluripotent cells. Multiple enzymes that regulate the processes of methylation and demethylation work together to shape the pattern of genome-scale DNA methylation and guide the process of cell differentiation. Recent availability of methylome information from single-cell whole genome bisulfite sequencing (scBS-seq) provides an opportunity to study DNA methylation dynamics in the whole genome in individual cells, which reveal the heterogeneous methylation distributions of enhancers in embryo stem cells. In this study, we developed a computational model of enhancer methylation inheritance to study the dynamics of genome-scale DNA methylation reprogramming during exit from pluripotency. The model enables us to track genome-scale DNA methylation reprogramming at single-cell level during the embryo development process and reproduce the DNA methylation heterogeneity reported by scBS-seq. Model simulations show that DNA methylation heterogeneity is an intrinsic property driven by cell division along the development process, and the collaboration between neighboring enhancers is required for heterogeneous methylation. Our study suggests that the mechanism of genome-scale oscillation might not be necessary for the DNA methylation heterogeneity during exit from pluripotency.

A game for process mapping in office and knowledge work

The number of publications on improving office and knowledge work processes is quite low compared to the vast body of published work regarding the improvement of production processes. In fact, the very definition of the office and knowledge work concept is not consensual. Besides a discussion on this concept, this paper aims to present a straightforward graphical tool to map processes of office and knowledge work, along with the inherent deployment methodology, in the form of a gamified training session. This methodology encompasses both mapping and analysis (identification of improvement opportunities). As a contribution to the validation of the developing work, one session was conducted with 18 professionals from several companies (of different areas). The trainees were asked to (i) map a specific process of office and knowledge work (based on a real scenario), (ii) identify improvement opportunities and, in order to gather concrete feedback, (iii) answer a questionnaire on their perception about the tool/methodology. In summary, one may say that the participants considered the training session as useful and that they feel able to conduct in their companies a session on mapping and improvement of processes of office and knowledge work.

Becoming a strategist: The roles of strategy discourse and ontological security in managerial identity work

What is the managerial identity work involved in becoming a “strategist”? Building on a rich, longitudinal set of interviews, we uncover three tactics through which managers mobilize the strategist identity. The self-measurement tactic uses strategy discourse as a normative measuring stick for evaluating the individual as a manager. The self-construction tactic uses strategy discourse as a blueprint for realizing career aspirations. The final self-actualization tactic uses strategy discourse as an emotional basis for crafting meaning into work. We find that strategy discourse can play both disciplinary and emancipatory roles, influenced by managers’ sense of ontological security. The article highlights the importance of social-psychological processes in strategist identity work and discusses implications for the contemporary opening up of strategy and for other similarly loosely structured occupational groups.

‘Living at the border of poverty’: How theater actors maintain their calling through narrative identity work

People who have a sense of calling to their work are more inspired, motivated and engaged with what they do. But how is calling constructed and maintained within organizations? More importantly, how do people maintain a sense of calling to their work when this is a source of ongoing material and existential hardships? This article seeks to address these questions by looking at the artistic setting of theater where actors maintain their calling despite their precarious work situation. The study employs a narrative approach to illustrate how three dominant narratives—religious, political and therapeutic—are central in constructing theater work as deeply meaningful. Specifically, each narrative explains how theater actors maintain their calling through different processes of identity work enacted through sacrifice (religious), responsibility (political) and self-care (therapeutic), with corresponding role identities as martyrs (religious), citizens (political) and self-coaches (therapeutic). We contribute to the literature on callings by: (a) showing how different processes of identity work are central to maintaining callings in precarious work situations, (b) exploring the role played by the ‘other’ as an interlocutor in accounting for and maintaining callings, and (c) advancing a theoretical explanation of callings that illustrates how callings contingently emerge as acts of elevation, resistance or resilience within contemporary society.

Academic performance and mathematical processes under a causal model. Correlations found in three public institutions

This research implemented a model of structural equations aimed at determining the possible causal relationship between the mathematical processes mentioned in the national teachers council mathematics and academic performance in mathematics. The level of development of the mathematical processes promoted by the teacher was analyzed, in students of the fourth to seventh grades of basic education in three public educational institutions of the San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, characterized by obtaining levels of performance (respectively) in the Saber 11 tests of 2018. The sample size was 400 students enrolled in 2019. A questionnaire was proposed and validated that included sociodemographic information of students and then determined the presence and development of the various mathematical processes in classroom work. The results highlight that, of the five mathematical processes, reasoning, representation and problem solving are presented as determining variables of academic performance in students, while the processes of communication and connections are little work in the classroom by teachers. From the results obtained arises as future research, determine what teachers understand by mathematical problems? How do you promote problem solving in the classroom?

Standard for maintenance of agricultural machinery at the level of expertise

Revision of GOST 20793-2009 standard updates the list of normative documents required for certification of agricultural machinery and will contribute to the improvement of methods of organization of maintenance of modernized tractors and agricultural machines, will allow using modern methods of increasing of their resource. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of maintenance of agricultural and forestry tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machines in their operation by optimizing the periods of work, the implementation of express control of lubricating oils, the use of built-in diagnostic systems, organoleptic diagnosis by quality characteristics, as well as the introduction in motor and transmission oil of repair friction components using a special technology. (Materials and methods) The authors noted the need for examination of the draft standard by specialists of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural machinery and a detailed analysis of the comments and suggestions received during development of the final version of the draft standard. The draft standard of the first edition was sent for feedback to specialists, interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation, as well as organizations of neighboring countries. (Results and discussion) Authors have reviewed the comments and suggestions; accepted all editorial comments; agreed bibliographic references and aligned the units of measurement; prepared the final version of the GOST 20793 project, corresponding to the conditions of the current state of the machine-technical park and engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. Authors have sent the draft of the final version for editing and approval to Rosstandart. (Conclusion) The introduction of the improved standard will contribute to improving the efficiency and increasing the service life of worn-out units of agricultural machines, reducing the cost of their technical operation. For the first time, the types and basic rules of the maintenance procedure were unified. The implementation of the requirements of the standard will build the processes of work in the field of production and distribution of products and certification, improve the efficiency of technical service in the agro-industrial complex, resource reliability and efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet.

\u201cNavigation to prioritizing the patient\u201d \u2013 first-line nurse managers\u2019 experiences of participating in a quality improvement collaborative

BackgroundFirst-line nurse managers are central to quality improvement work when changing work practices into better patient outcomes. Quality improvement collaboratives have been adopted widely to support quality management in healthcare services and shared learning. We have little knowledge of the first-line nurse managers’ own perspectives concerning their need for support and knowledge in quality improvement work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain understanding of first line nurse managers’ experiences in leading quality improvement work in their own organization when participating in a quality improvement collaborative.MethodsAn interpretive approach was chosen following Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis. Data was collected through three focus group interviews with first-line nurse managers representing different workplaces: the local hospital, a nursing home, and a homecare service in a rural area of Norway.Results“Navigation to prioritizing the patient” emerged as an overarching metaphor to describe the first-line nurse managers experiences of leading quality improvement work, based on three themes: 1) fellowship for critical thinking and prioritizing the patient; 2) mastering the processes in quality improvement work; and 3) the everyday reality of leadership as a complex context.ConclusionsA quality improvement collaborative encompassing knowledge transfer and reflection may create an important fellowship for health care leaders, encouraging and enabling quality improvement work in their own organization. It is crucial to invite all leaders from an organization to be able to share the experience and continue their collaboration with their staff in the organization. Continuity over time, following up elements of the quality improvement work at joint meetings, involvement by users, and self-development of and voluntary involvement in the quality improvement collaborative seem to be important for knowledge development in quality improvement. The supportive elements of the quality improvement collaborative fellowship were crucial to critical thinking and to the first-line nurse managers’ own development and security in mastering the quality improvement work processes. They preferred prioritizing the patients in quality improvement work, despite haste and obstructive situations in an everyday context.

Presumed Mexican Until Proven Otherwise: Identity Work and Intersectional Typicality among Middle-Class Dominican and Mexican Immigrants

AbstractNon-Latino natives often conflate “Latino” with “Mexican,” treating Mexican as a stigmatized group. Latinos often engage in “identity work” to neutralize this stigmatized identity. We link these micro processes of identity work with macro structures of stratification through “intersectional typicality.” We argue that the selection of which positive traits immigrants highlight to avoid stigma is systematic and tied to intersecting dimensions of race and class stratification at the macro level. We argue that this process is context-specific. We use the case of middle-class Dominicans and Mexicans living in Atlanta. Our findings show that both groups perceive that the pervasive image of the typical Latino in Atlanta is that of a working-class Mexican. While both groups perceive this image to be low-status, they diverge in their strategies for countering this presumption. Mexicans emphasize their middle-class status and often try to change the typical image of Latinos. Dominicans emphasize that they are not Mexican and highlight their atypicality. Interview data show that Dominicans are concerned about the Mexican label because of embedded working-class assumptions. We argue that although many respondents successfully avoid negative stereotyping, their identity work actually reaffirms the low-status meaning of the typical Latino category.

Corporate Islam: Sharia and the Modern Workplace by Patricia Sloane-White

Reviewed by: Corporate Islam: Sharia and the Modern Workplace by Patricia Sloane-White Hew Wai Weng Corporate Islam: Sharia and the Modern Workplace, by Patricia Sloane-White. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 236 pp. ISBN: 978-1-107-18432-9 (Hardcover). Many commentators and analysists are concerned about the growing Islamic conservatism in Malaysia. There is also no lack of research on various aspects of Islamization in Malaysia, including its legal, political and economic dimensions. Yet, few books have given us 'thick description', fascinating details and nuanced analysis on how, and under what conditions, processes of Islamization work on the ground and various Islamic actors expand their influence among Muslim societies. Patricia Sloane-White's Corporate Islam: Sharia and the Modern Workplace stands out as one recent ethnographic work that gives us fascinating insights into modern Muslim lives. The book is theoretically engaged, empirically rich and analytically persuasive, examining how power, businesses, relationships, gender roles, religious practices and charity work are mobilized on behalf of Islam. Thus, it is not only benefiting researchers in the studies of Muslim societies, culture and politics, but also those interested in the anthropology of religion, economic anthropology and gender studies. Patricia Sloane-White divides her book into eight interrelated chapters. The first chapter introduces the historical, cultural, and theoretical background to the growing role and power of sharia in political, social and corporate life in Muslim Malaysia, and various actors of the sharia generation who populate what she calls corporate Islam. The three subsequent chapters respectively explore three key elements constituting corporate Islam: sharia scholar-advisors, business leaders, and ordinary personnel. In chapter 5 the author focuses on the gender role in corporate Islam. Chapters 6 and 7 respectively examine the engagement of Islamic corporations in zakat management and corporate social responsibility. Chapter 8 concludes with an attempt to connect corporate Islam and political Islam in Malaysia, by using the term 'small Islamic state'. [End Page 194] The author convincingly argues that sharia principles in the Islamic economy produce a version of Islam that is increasingly conservative, financially powerful, and committed to social control over Muslim and non-Muslim public and private lives. She rightfully makes a distinction between the 'NEP generation' and the 'sharia generation', and the shift of concern from Malay rights to Islamic piety among certain segments of Muslim professionals and businessmen. She details how Islam and economy management interact in the modern workplace, and how such development intersects with other key social factors, including gender, ethnicity and class. Based on her observations, the author found that 'personnel sharia in corporate Islam reflects a more conservative and uniform application of sharia and the rise of moral policing' (p. 27), 'the gendered assumptions in sharia empowering Muslim men to chastise and control women in corporate space' and 'its premise of social justice has been transformed into policies that do less to support the poor than the "human resources" who will work in such enterprises' (p. 28). Such points are valid, yet perhaps we should also not overlook there are competitions of ideas on what constitute sharia and perhaps cases where the women and the poor could empower themselves through Islamic expressions. The notion of 'small Islamic state' is intriguing and important, urging us to think of 'Islamic state' beyond conventional legal and political approaches. The author suggests an Islamic corporation could be conceived as a 'small Islamic state', given that it is 'a structure, a regime, and a society, held to sharia and under their full control' (p. 19). Yet, the book does not provide the readers with more detailed analysis on how a 'small Islamic state' could evolve or not evolve into a 'full-fledged Islamic state'. Moreover, there are different dynamics at play for 'corporate Islam' and 'political Islam'. The 'small Islamic state' could be a voluntarily space where like-minded Muslims with similar aspirations get together to fulfil their 'Islamic way of doing business'. Yet, to make Malaysia an 'Islamic state' is a very difficult endeavour as not all Malaysians share the same values—they face opposition not only from non-Muslims, but also from many Muslims who do not want their life fully guided by Islamic norms. Sloane...

Work-Related Emotional Communication Model of Burnout: An Analysis of Emotions for Hire

This study proposes the Work-Related Emotional Communication model of burnout to explicate the relationships between processes of emotional work and emotional labor leading to burnout. The model was validated drawing on survey data from 2,067 practicing attorneys. Our analyses found emotional contagion to have a stronger positive influence on burnout through its direct effect on exhaustion than through its indirect effect on communicative responsiveness. Sensitivity to the Expressive Behavior of Others was a prominent influence on empathic communication. Inefficacy partially mediated the positive effects of exhaustion on cynicism. Surface acting did not contribute to inefficacy but had positive effects on exhaustion and cynicism. Deep acting had no apparent effect on burnout, whereas automatic regulation negatively influenced burnout. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications for future research and offer suggestions for management to work toward the reduction of worker burnout.

Ciudades para la gente: perspectivas situadas e interculturales desde el movimiento social y popular en Bogotá.

El proyecto de investigación “Construcción social del territorio, desde una perspectiva intercultural crítica”, abre paso a un marco de reflexión - acción denominado “Ciudades para la gente. Por el derecho a la ciudad”, en el que se convocan activamente las voces de habitantes de la ciudad, vinculados con procesos organizativos y de movilización social, que por razones distintas, han puesto al territorio y a la ciudad en sus agendas y en sus procesos de trabajo comunitario y político. Es así que el documento que se presenta, abre toda una discusión sobre el valor y el sentido intercultural, asociado a la concepción de la ciudad como derecho, que posee, para los movimientos y las organizaciones sociales y populares de la ciudad de Bogotá, el territorio en construcción. El proceso se circunscribe en la investigación acción participativa decolonial en dos fases denominadas “contextualización de la Interculturalidad” y “propuestas para la acción colectiva intercultural”, y se orienta a partir de tres dimensiones categoriales definidas como “lo intercultural y los desafíos al modelo”, “lo intercultural y los procesos organizativos”, y “lo intercultural como proyecto político”.

From ‘spaces of work’ to ‘spaces of struggle’

Abstract This paper examines the historical relationship between state, labour and capital through analysing the process of production of urban space. Cities in global South are the domain for constant contestation which emerges as a result of conflict between the spatial actors. These actors deploy space to engage with the urban processes of growth, development or work and employment. This contributes to two most important point in the debate relating to classical economic geographers and labour geographers: firstly, labour does not plays a passive role in production of space, rather actively produces space through its activities which are spatially embedded and secondly, to analyse the ways in which labour engages with the production of space, it is important to study their everyday lived experiences and the manners in which it encounters representational space. The ways of conceptualising/theorising labour's agency vary with the scale, spatial embeddedness and the historicity, hence making it crucial for geographers to understand the nuances of labouring practices in cities of global South.

Modeling collaborative practical work processes in an E-learning context of engineering electric education

<p>This work deals with the modeling the processes of the collaboration in practical work of electronics in a context of e-learning and the remote laboratory which is a new technology allows students to manipulate the practical experience the electronics by controlling all equipments and instruments of a laboratory via the web without moving to t laboratory. That is for to solve the problems of overcrowding students in universities and the restriction of time and places and the lack of some instrument in laboratory. Even this new project will allow the sharing all instruments and equipments between universities in the world for to have a cooperation in scientific learning. In this work we are interested to modeling the processes of collaborative electronics practical work, whose actors are : tutor, member, coordinator and the secretary and collaborative tools. Two models have been developed: a tutor-student model showing the activities of the learner and tutor, and moderating-member-secretary model that focuses more specifically on the roles of the moderator (coordinator) and the secretary (reporter). This modelling has made it possible to better understand the processes considered and to detect the various problems that may arise during an online particle work collaborative process.</p>