Processes Of Social Reproduction Research Articles

The Human Capital Management in the Innovation Economy: Evidence from Iran

The article considers the issue of human capital management as a strategic resource of innovative development. Human capital is analyzed as a factor and determinant of economic development of society on the whole and public production development in particular. The aim of this article is to define the role and significance of human capital in innovative economy. Dynamics of modern processes in the new global economy can be characterized by be-ing innovative, having innovative instruments, presence of endogenous relations of science factor in expended reproduction and growing research intensity of economic progress. Contribution of scientific and technological progress in increase of gross domestic product of the most developed countries according to various sources amount to 75–100%. Consequently, one of the main aspects of innovation importance on the national level is its determinative influence on macroeconomic data. Innovations are strategic factors of economic growth, have positive effect on the structure of public production, can change economic or-ganization of society and the level of innovation development determines competitiveness of national economy and national security. In its turn, dynamic development and fast renovation of scientific and technological bases of modern society can lead to changes of role and place of a person in particular and human capital in general in social reproduction process.

Women working at university restaurants: life and work conditions and gender-based violence

This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aimed to understand the social production and reproduction processes of women working at university restaurants and the occurrence and the magnitude of gender-based violence committed against them by their intimate partners. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis categories used were social production and reproduction, gender and gender-based violence. The interviewees held a subordinate social position during the productive and reproductive periods of their lives. Approximately 70% reported having experienced gender-based violence from an intimate partner (66% psychological violence, 36.3% physical violence and 28.6% sexual violence). Most of the health problems resulting from violence were related to mental health. The results indicate that the situation requires immediate interventions, mostly guided by the instrumentalization of these women and the support by the state and the university as appropriate to address violence.

FAKTOR STRUKTURAL DAN KULTURAL PENYEBAB KESENJANGAN SOSIAL: KASUS INDUSTRI BATIK PAMEKASAN MADURA

AbstrakSecara teoretis, pembangunan ekonomi diandaikan akan menghasilkan pemerataan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakatnya. Pasca ditetapkan sebagai sentra batik, yang terjadi di Kecamatan Proppo Pamekasan Madura justru sebaliknya, tingkat prasejahtera warga berdasarkan alasan ekonomi justru tertinggi di antara kecamatan yang lain. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif secara spesifik dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sebagai studi awal analisis dalam artikel ini akan menjelaskan mengenai faktor struktural, kultural serta proses reproduksi sosial yang menyebabkan kesenjangan sosial tersebut. Reproduksi struktur sosial yang timpang menyebabkan distribusi kuasa juga tidak merata, menciptakan relasi dominasi subordinasi dan pada prosesnya akses juga tidak merata. Struktur sosial yang timpang ini diperkuat dengan kultur patriarkhis yang semakin meneguhkan kesenjangan sosial. AbstractTheoretically, economic development will create equality of wealth distribution to people. This is not the case in Proppo disctrict Pamekasan Madura after being declared as one of Batik centre, Proppo has the highest rate of disadvantaged people compared to other districts. Using qualitative method, specifically in-depth interview and observation, this article explains the structural, cultural factors as well as the process of social reproduction that resulted in social inequality in Proppo district. This article concludes that the reproduction of unequal social structure results in unequal power distribution, dominant-subordinant relation and also unequality of access.This unequal social structure is also reinforced by patriarchalculture which later strengthened social inequality.© 2013 Universitas Negeri Semarang

Ermeneutica, «Nuovo Realismo» e trasformazione della realtà. Una radicalizzazione incompiuta per la filosofia italiana

The New Realism Manifesto by Maurizio Ferraris criticises hermeneutics and postmodernism for their passive and conservative positions, claiming that they are responsible for having delegitimised all philosophical reflection on reality and ontology and favoured the affirmation of a “show-biz” society and a proprietary personalisation of politics. Gianni Vattimo answers this thesis, accusing realism of colluding both with the hierarchy of the powers-that-be and with technocracy and claiming the left-wing orientation of hermeneutics. But to be fair, Vattimo has noticeably changed his own position with respect to the years of “weak Thought”, when every hypothesis of political intervention on reality and every project of transformation were excluded. Hermeneutics today merits being considered a sort of new and revolutionary “philosophy of praxis” in which a weakened Marxism joins up (improbably) with Nietzsche and Heidegger’s thought. Although bitter, the conflict between these positions, which openly claim an emancipationist orientation, is an indication of a process of radicalization of Italian philosophy that is also confirmed by the recent theses of other authors. However, in the absence of a rediscovery of that reality which more than any other has been obscured by postmodernism – the reality of work and the material processes of production and social reproduction – and in the absence of a real subject interested in an overall transformation of the contemporary world, the risk is that such radicalisation of the intellectual classes will stay incomplete and remain within a theoretical debate that is incapable of changing the imbalances and relations of subordination and dominion present in society.

Women School Teachers in New Times: Some Preliminary Reflections

Women are entering the domain of school teaching in significantly high numbers at this critical moment of the fundamental restructuring of education in contemporary India. Wider structural determinants, ideologies and practices that define and regulate women teachers in the paid workforce as well as within the domestic sphere are historically related and an examination of these is critical to understanding social reproduction within the contemporary context. This article discusses the discursive and material contexts engendered by neoliberal policy reform in the education sector which are shaping and reframing the lives of women school teachers. The article argues for the need to develop a feminist understanding of these shifting realities through deeper engagement with the professional and personal lives of women teachers in relation to broader processes of social reproduction.

Mulheres trabalhadoras de restaurantes universitários: condições de vida, trabalho e violência de gênero

This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aimed to understand the social production and reproduction processes of women working at university restaurants and the occurrence and the magnitude of gender-based violence committed against them by their intimate partners. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis categories used were social production and reproduction, gender and gender-based violence. The interviewees held a subordinate social position during the productive and reproductive periods of their lives. Approximately 70% reported having experienced gender-based violence from an intimate partner (66% psychological violence, 36.3% physical violence and 28.6% sexual violence). Most of the health problems resulting from violence were related to mental health. The results indicate that the situation requires immediate interventions, mostly guided by the instrumentalization of these women and the support by the state and the university as appropriate to address violence.

Universal Basic Income and Recognition Theory – A Tangible Step towards an Ideal

The philosophical “Recognition” debate may be advanced by exploring recognition theory as a means to justify a concrete policy in the form of Universal Basic Income (UBI). UBI advocacy may also be strengthened by exploring the potential effects of UBI on the manner in which individuals value each other, using theories of recognition. Following a review of the Fraser/Honneth “redistribution or recognition?” debate, Honneth’s theory is deemed most suitable for the purpose of a normative justification of UBI. What is of interest is his emphasis on the manner in which recognition principles change over time, through processes of social reproduction and conflicting values, and his treatment of the importance of reciprocity of recognition. By separating out the spheres of recognition in Honneth’s theory and their developmental trajectories, it is possible to highlight the value of UBI as a concrete policy initiative that will potentially make significant progress towards the recognition ideal.

Regulating Affect and Reproducing Norms: Alice Munro's "Child's Play"

The article investigates processes of cultural and social reproduction and asks a couple of questions. What kinds of attitudes, beliefs, and storylines are perpetually recreated and reproduced around disabled bodies? How is the disabled body positioned against a normal body? Alice Munro's short story Child's Play is analyzed to demonstrate how socio-cultural reproductive policing technologies seek to maintain able-bodied and heteronormative privilege by way of the normalization and reproduction of negative affect toward bodies conceived as monstrous.

Dis/Articulations and the Hydrosocial Cycle: Postapartheid Geographies of Agrarian Change in the Ceres Valley, South Africa

This paper analyzes the role of the hydrosocial cycle in producing and sustaining uneven geographies of capitalist agriculture in the Ceres Valley, a major center of South Africa's high-value deciduous fruit industry I explore ways in which the mobilization, appropriation, and transformation of water resources become intertwined with and reinforce the radicalized capitalist relations that have characterized the local political economy of export fruit production since the 19th century These relations have solidified over time as they have been able to adapt to shifting political–economic and political–ecological dynamics. Focusing on the postapartheid period, I examine how white agrarian capital has been able to maintain and even strengthen its dominance over the regional economy despite the dramatic shuffling of political and economic priorities. I pay particular attention to how the fatal combination of the liberalization of agricultural markets and the financialization of water supply becomes articulated through interconnected sociospatial processes of dispossession, devaluation, and disinvestment. I argue that questions of access to and control over the hydrosocial cycle not only reveal how marginalized and radicalized social actors—farm workers, small-scale farmers, township residents—become differentially articulated with and disarticulated from existing and emerging circuits of capital accumulation. It also opens promising analytical and political avenues through which to illuminate and confront uneven geographies of capitalist development in ways that highlight the linked sociospatial processes of production and social reproduction.

A critique of Marx's two basic laws: The general law of capitalist accumulation and the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall

Marx's two basic laws are founded on the organic composition of capital becoming higher due to the capitalistic accumulation necessarily accompanying the rise of labor productivity. I think this concept is consistent through the whole of Capital, but do not think Marx's analysis is sufficient. Above all, he does not bring into the laws the diminution of the values of the means of production caused by the same movement. We try to take it into account in the laws. First, we present original formulas for the two laws. Second, we analyze the main factors which affect the total social organic composition theoretically and actually. This is an inquiry into the social reproduction process using schematic analysis employing my technique. We conclude Marx's two laws are not supported.

Serious Games in Livelihood Analysis: Reflections from the Case of Agricultural Wage Labourers in Andhra Pradesh

This article presents an approach to anticipating future livelihood portfolios through Sherry Ortner's model of ‘serious games’. The value of the model is to draw attention to the (always shifting) purposes and intentions that direct people's lives, within a social, cultural and material context that differentially constrains and enables. Power is central to the approach, and to the understanding of processes of social reproduction and transformation. I use the model of serious games to examine the proposition that agricultural labour will become less important in the diverse livelihood portfolios of the rural poor in Telangana region, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Parenting in relation to children’s sports participation: generational changes and potential implications

This paper presents data on the parenting practices and perceptions of middle-class parents in the domain of children’s sport. Adopting a grounded-theory approach, the data were generated through 16 semi-structured interviews conducted with parents and children from eight different families. The findings in relation to parenting practices indicated that the parents were ‘investing’ in their children’s sports participation earlier and more heavily than their parents had done with them, thus suggesting an intensification in the middle-class social reproduction process. The findings regarding parenting perceptions revealed that the parents felt they were better able and more inclined to invest in their children in general, and their children’s sports participation in particular, as a consequence of several ‘structural’ and ‘cultural’ changes that have occurred over the past 30 years or so. Given recent research indicating the significance of socialisation in the family for sports participation rates (Birchwood, Roberts, & Pollock, 2008), this additional investment by parents may have profound implications. Indeed, if sports participation rates are strongly dependent upon the transmission of sporting cultures within families, and parents are increasingly enabled and inclined to invest the sporting cultivation of their offspring, it follows that overall sports participation rates will benefit. This may be a more or less significant part of the explanation for the substantial growth in sports participation from the 1970s.

Revisiting Bourdieu: alternative educational systems in the light of the theory of social and cultural reproduction

The paper reflects upon the principles and practice of an alternative educational system operating in rural Mexico in the light of Bourdieu’s theory of cultural and social reproduction. Bourdieu’s theory seeks to explain processes of reproduction of power relations within schools and society; whereas alternative educational systems seek to expand educational access in deprived areas in order to counteract processes of social inequality. The paper argues that, although Bourdieu’s theory does not fully explain the gradual inclusion of more people from disadvantaged backgrounds into education through alternative educational systems, processes of social reproduction in deprived communities still occur mainly because of lack of state support after primary school level, and a shortage of better infrastructure and opportunities for this sector of the population. Since the widespread upward educational and class mobility of the rural poor has not yet been achieved, the paper concludes that the processes of cultural and social reproduction continue despite the introduction of alternative educational systems.

Epidemiologia crítica: por uma práxis teórica do saber agir

Some of the most significant questions related to the concept of health present in contemporary discursive practices, such as its relation with the normative capacity of the individuals when faced with the institution of new social and/or biological norms, are initially reexamined in this paper. Subsequently, the dialectical model of the social determination process of health-disease is examined in the context of the contradictory processes of the social reproduction system as in the scope of the bio-psychological nexuses on outcome and its historically specific ways of life. The contradictory dimensions of the capitalist social reproduction process and their techno-economic logic of production and consumption are then analyzed, considering their respective impacts on the living and health conditions of citizens and communities. Lastly, the importance of the emancipative praxis for epidemiology in the achievement of well-being and quality of life are considered and the need for commitment in the construction of a new paradigm for the public health field in its praxis of knowing how and when to act are emphasized.

Elderly, Family, and Age Support in Rural Galicia at the End of the Ancien Régime.

[elderlyold agefamily and age supportsocial and family reproduction ]] The attempt to ascertain the form and nature of familial age support in the past or, what comes to the same thing, the real degree of dependence or independence of the elderly vis-à-vis their families, relatives, and close ones, has led to a huge controversy among historians. But, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in rural areas otherwise as disparate as those of Galicia, inland Spain, Navarre, south Italy, preindustrial England or rural Belgium, the social, and economic functions in relation to age support within the household showed themselves capable of adapting to suit the particular needs of the different type of families prevailing in each one. This adaptation capacity in turn bore a close relationship to the greater or lesser role played by elderly household heads in the social and familial reproduction processes occurring in their home areas.

Beyond ‘safe-talk’: Institutionalization and agency in China's English language education

This article will reflect on the risks of a careless application of “safe-talk”, a fruitful analytical concept that has been widely used in classroom discourse studies to link chorus-like repetition sequences with certain institutional and social processes related to either post-colonialism or migration. The discussion will draw on a sociolinguistic ethnography carried out in three urban schools in contemporary China. By going beyond dichotomized approaches between those who are interested in capturing institutional processes of social reproduction and those who prefer to focus on individual actions and choices in classroom practices, this article reflects on the pertinence of the representation of such chorus-like repetition sequences as a ritualized discursive space in which certain social identities are produced, attributed value, circulated and contested according to institutional logic and in view of the different interests at stake.

Making it work for their children: white middle-class parents and working-class schools

The white middle-class parents who chose to send their children to urban comprehensives largely rejected engaging in the usual competitiveness for educational success. Nevertheless the parents in our study still found themselves wittingly or otherwise captured by that same discourse. Their children are high achievers and are regarded as a valuable resource for their comprehensive schools generating high volume capital. However, in spite of this, the parents do not leave such success to chance. Drawing on an ESRC-funded research project (Educational Choices and the White Urban Middle-Classes RES-148-25-0023) we analyse how middle-class parental involvement is part of the age old process of social reproduction and the transmission of parents’ middle-class privilege to their children, almost regardless of their intentions. Not only are the parents interventionist in their children’s schooling, they draw on and dispose their own privileged capitals to prepare and position their children for educational success.

‘Vive la différence?’: The ‘international’ experiences of UK students overseas

AbstractAs interest in the geographies of student mobilities grows, this paper examines the experiences of UK students overseas. More specifically, it considers the ‘international’ nature of their experiences, asking: to what extent do students actively seek out and encounter ‘cultural difference’ through their educational choices? International students are often described by those advocating the internationalisation of education as potential ‘global citizens’, cosmopolitans and ambassadors of inter‐cultural understanding. However, our research on UK students has suggested a more complex engagement with ‘diversity’ through international education. First, we examine the motivations of UK students, and show that whilst many claim to be seeking ‘something different’ from an overseas education, at the same time they also desire a ‘knowable’ destination. Film and television were very significant in terms of making certain places familiar to students and thereby influencing their decisions. Secondly, students' experiences of cultural diversity overseas were often confined to an international student community. This has several implications. Most obviously, it limits the extent to which students encounter cultures ‘local’ to the destination country. The separation and isolation of the international student community, however, does serve a useful function in terms of wider processes of elite class formation and social reproduction. Thirdly, we describe some instances of where individuals formed significant and meaningful relationships with foreign nationals, often as a direct consequence of their experiences of studying overseas. Clearly, this suggests a very direct engagement with ‘cultural diversity’, albeit of a certain kind. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

O complexo da educação em Lukács: uma análise à luz das categorias trabalho e reprodução social

O artigo discute a educação em Lukács, a partir de sua Ontologia do Ser Social. Prioritariamente, destaca os elementos que assinalam o lugar da educação no processo de reprodução social, em cuja dinâmica esta manteria, com o trabalho, uma relação de dependência ontológica e autonomia relativa. Explicita que, se, em sentido lato, a educação é um complexo universal, empenhado em efetivar a apropriação, por parte dos indivíduos, das objetivações constituintes do gênero humano, esta não paira sobre a totalidade social, vinculando-se, em sentido estrito, às necessidades da sociedade de classe. Por esse prisma, a análise lukacsiana permite concluir que o complexo da educação, conquanto impelido a manter o sistema de acumulação privada e a exploração do homem pelo homem sob o capital, pode constituir-se em espaço para objetivação de posições teleológicas voltadas à emancipação humana.

Regulação social e acumulação por espoliação: reflexão sobre a essencialidade das teses da financeirização e da natureza do estado na caracterização do capitalismo contemporâneo

O artigo estrutura-se a partir da interpretação da natureza do capitalismo contemporâneo de David Harvey, particularmente de sua proposição de que esta natureza é essencialmente espoliadora. Esta proposição é confrontada e qualificada pelas teses da financeirização expressas na contribuição de François Chesnais. Daí em diante, mostra-se como a discussão do Estado, de sua forma de operação, sobretudo de suas funções de regulação social, introduz elementos essenciais do "campo político" na caracterização do capitalismo contemporâneo. Neste particular, incorporam-se elementos teóricos de Joachim Hirsch, relativos ao processo de regulação social, mostrando que, para ele, há um "sistema de regulação social" diversificado, que torna o tema da regulação bem mais complexo do que usualmente se reconhece. O artigo busca, assim, mostrar que a associação entre as teses da regulação social e da acumulação por espoliação pode ampliar o escopo de caracterização do processo social de reprodução no capitalismo de hoje, bem como a análise de suas condições de superar as crises.