Scientific Research Process Research Articles

Investigating students\u2019 perceived authenticity of learning activities in an out-of-school lab for social sciences: a replication study

Out-of-school labs (OSLs) aim to foster students’ interest in and knowledge about scientific ways of thinking and working by engaging them in authentic activities that emulate processes of scientific inquiry. However, research has not yet focused on investigating whether students perceive those activities as authentic and whether students’ perceived authenticity is related to further motivational (e.g. situational interest) or cognitive (e.g. achievement) learning outcomes. An authentic learning activity that emulates scientific inquiry processes is Productive Failure (PF). In PF, students are asked to explore solutions to a complex problem before they have to falsify their solutions during instruction. The present study, which aims to replicate the findings of a previous study, investigates whether PF has an impact on students’ perceived authenticity and their situational interest in an OSL for social sciences. We further examined whether students’ perceived authenticity is associated with their situational interest and knowledge acquisition. For this purpose, we conducted a quasi-experimental study with 152 10th graders and compared PF to Direct Instruction (DI). DI can be characterized as less authentic, as it promotes the conceptualization of scientific inquiry being nothing else but an application of instructions. The results mostly replicate the findings of the previous study, showing that the authenticity level of the learning activity did neither affect students’ perceived authenticity nor their situational interest. Furthermore, students’ perceived authenticity correlated with their situational interest but not with their knowledge acquisition. We discuss the results in light of previous research on the effectiveness of authentic learning settings.

Managing Hypothesis of Scientific Experiments with PhenoManager

Scientific research based on computer simulations is complex since it may involve managing the enormous volumes of data and metadata produced during the life cycle of a scientific experiment, from the formulation of hypotheses to its final evaluation. This wealth of data needs to be structured and managed in a way that makes sense to scientists so that relevant knowledge can be extracted to contribute to the scientific research process. In addition, when it comes to the scope of the scientific project as a whole, it may be associated with several different scientific experiments, which in turn may require executions of different scientific workflows, which makes the task rather arduous. All of this can become even more difficult if we consider that the project tasks must be associated with the execution of such simulations (which may take hours or even days), that the hypotheses of a phenomenon need validation and replication, and that the project team may be geographically dispersed. This article presents an approach called PhenoManager that aims at helping scientists managing their scientific projects and the cycle of the scientific method as a whole. PhenoManager can assist the scientist in structuring, validating, and reproducing hypotheses of a phenomenon through configurable computational models in the approach. For the evaluation of this article was used SciPhy, a scientific workflow in the field of bioinformatics, concluding that the proposed approach brings gains without considerable performance losses.

Gayo Islamic Education Architects and Contributions to Gayo Islamic Education Treasures in the Era of 1900-1986

The emergence and development of Islamic intellectual civilization in the Era of 1900-1986 started from from the scientific research process or further studies of the Gayo Islamic education figures in the Era of 1900-1986 at well-known educational centers at that time such as: Pulo Kitun, Cet Merak and Samalanga, Thawalib West Sumatra and Bangil East Java. The ideas of these figures are as follows: Tgk. Abdul Kadir (Tgk. Pasir) (1910) Tgk Abdurrahman Daudi/Tgk. Mude Kala (1911-1962) Tgk. H. Abdurrahman Bebesen (1911-1995) Tgk. Ahmad Damanhuri/Tgk. Cross.(1915-1940) Tgk. Abdul Djalil (1915-1974) Tgk. H. Mohd. Ali Djadun (1927-2016) Mr. H. Mohd. Ali Djadun (1927-2016) Mr. M. Hasan Tan (1949-2016) was more or less influenced by the 4 networks that existed in Gayo, namely: Gayo-Gayo, Gayo-Bireuan, Gayo-Thawalib and Gayo-Bangil, in addition to his role as an influential scholar in Gayo. Based on their educational network and character as an ulama or Tgk, they played an important role in initiating the establishment of formal and non-formal educational institutions that became the forerunner and transformed into Islamic educational institutions in Gayo at the end of the 1900s Era.

Selecting tools to enhance scholarly communication through the life cycle of scientific research

Education and science digitalization belongs to the priority areas of information society development. However, we can observe that while Ukraine enters the European educational and scientific space, Ukrainian scientists cannot yet efficiently compete in the international labor market. One of the reasons behind this is that Ukrainian scientists and researchers are not fully integrated into the world system of digital scholarly communication. To help researchers use digital tools supporting scholarly communication, many companies carry out various educational events to support open science and initiate international research and projects. Under modern conditions the digitalization of scientific communication went to the front-burner due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the forced transition to digital scholarly communications through the COVID-19 pandemic can help integrate young scientists into the international scientific space. This article provides an analysis of tools to support scholarly communication developed within the "101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication" project. The international survey demonstrates the tools that scientists prefer to use at each stage of the research. This paper characterizes the advantages of particular tools on different stages of scientific research process induced by the current tendency for scholarly communication digitalization. During the work, we outlined the scope for future research and found it necessary to conduct an additional survey for the scholarly community.

Validation of Cognitive Load During Inquiry-Based Learning With Multimedia Scaffolds Using Subjective Measurement and Eye Movements.

Subject-method barriers and cognitive load (CL) of students have a particular importance in the complex learning process of scientific inquiry. In this work, we investigate the valid measurement of CL as well as different scaffolds to reduce it during experimentation. Specifically, we examine the validity of a subjective measurement instrument to assess CL [in extraneous cognitive load (ECL), intrinsic cognitive load, and germane cognitive load (GCL)] during the use of multimedia scaffolds in the planning phase of the scientific inquiry process based on a theoretical framework of the CL theory. The validity is analyzed by investigating possible relationships between causal (e.g., cognitive abilities) and assessment (e.g., eye-tracking metrics) factors in relation to the obtained test scores of the adapted subjective measurement instrument. The study aims to elucidate possible relationships of causal factors that have not yet been adequately investigated in relation to CL. Furthermore, a possible, still inconclusive convergence between subjective test scores on CL and objectively measured indicators will be tested using different eye-tracking metrics. In two studies (n=250), 9th and 11th grade students experimentally investigated a biological phenomenon. At the beginning of the planning phase, students selected one of four multimedia scaffolds using a tablet (Study I: n=181) or a computer with a stationary eye-tracking device (Study II: n=69). The subjective cognitive load was measured via self-reports using a standardized questionnaire. Additionally, we recorded students’ gaze data during learning with the scaffolds as objective measurements. Besides the causal factors of cognitive-visual and verbal abilities, reading skills and spatial abilities were quantified using established test instruments and the learners indicated their representation preference by selecting the scaffolds. The results show that CL decreases substantially with higher grade level. Regarding the causal factors, we observed that cognitive-visual and verbal abilities have a significant influence on the ECL and GCL in contrast to reading skills. Additionally, there is a correlation between the representation preference and different types of CL. Concerning the objective measurement data, we found that the absolute fixation number is predictive for the ECL. The results are discussed in the context of the overall methodological research goal and the theoretical framework of CL.

The extent to which internet school students are used in school libraries within karak Education schools: مدى استخدام طلاب المدارس للإنترنت في المكتبات المدرسية ضمن مدارس تربية الكرك

The study aims to explore the current reality of internet service in school libraries affiliated with the education of Karak by identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the service and identifying the most important problems facing the use of the Internet in school libraries. The study also aimed to knew the views and perspectives of each of the managers, secretaries and employees of school libraries on the impact of the Internet service in their libraries. The study gains its importance by addressing the issue of the Internet and its basic services in school libraries and its importance and benefits in the scientific research process. The study population consists of students of the education schools in Karak Governorate from the preparatory and secondary school levels. The study sample is represented in the Kasbah of Karak schools for males and females for the preparatory and secondary stages. The researcher used the descriptive, analytical approach and the case study approach. The researcher collected data through books and periodicals that dealt with the Internet topic and the interview with the librarian and the questionnaire. The study came out with a set of findings and recommendations for students and librarians, which will help develop the use of the Internet in school libraries.

Global Burden of Animal Diseases: a novel approach to understanding and managing disease in livestock and aquaculture.

Investments in animal health and Veterinary Services can have a measurable impact on the health of people and the environment. These investments require a baseline metric that describes the burden of animal health and welfare in order to justify and prioritise resource allocation and from which to measure the impact of interventions. This paper is part of a process of scientific enquiry in which problems are identified and solutions sought in an inclusive way. It poses the broad question: what should a system to measure the animal disease burden on society look like and what value would it add? Moreover, it aims to do this in such a way as to be accessible by a wide audience, who are encouraged to engage in this debate. Given that farmed animals, including those raised by poor smallholders, are an economic entity, this system should be based on economic principles. These poor farmers are negatively impacted by disparities in animal health technology, which can be addressed through a mixture of supply-led and demand-driven interventions, reinforcing the relevance of targeted financial support from government and non-governmental organisations. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme will glean existing data to measure animal health losses within carefully characterised production systems. Consistent and transparent attribution of animal health losses will enable meaningful comparisons of the animal disease burden to be made between diseases, production systems and countries, and will show how it is apportioned by people's socio-economic status and gender. The GBADs Programme will produce a cloud-based knowledge engine and data portal, through which users will access burden metrics and associated visualisations, support for decisionmaking in the form of future animal health scenarios, and the outputs of wider economic modelling. The vision of GBADs, strengthening the food system for the benefit of society and the environment, is an example of One Health thinking in action.

A barrier diagnostic framework in process of digital transformation in higher education institutions

PurposeExisting literature has reported a barrier list that could affect the implementation of digital transformation in higher education, yet the research question of how to identify barriers remained unanswered. Thus, this study intended to address this gap.Design/methodology/approachThe research design adopted a mixed-methods approach based on the problem-centered design science research (DSR) process model for the development and evaluation of framework.FindingsThis study proposed a systematic framework of three sets of components: (1) the initial set of barriers; (2) the barrier rating scheme and (3) the barrier scoring matrix. The three-component of the framework is to identify and prioritize barriers to the successful implementation of digital transformation in higher education.Research limitations/implicationsThe evaluation of the framework was only based on an expert opinion.Practical implicationsThis study provided a direction to the policymakers for designing sensible strategies to increase the chances of a successful digital transformation in higher education.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the knowledge body by offering a more systematic understanding of barriers to digital transformation in higher education.

Scientific libraries: future in the past

The article considers the main problems and challenges facing scientific libraries in the context of the rapid development of information technologies. The article presents the discussion of library specialists who support various positions, the analysis of trends, and possible scenarios for the future existence of scientific libraries.The relations of "letters" and "figures" changing against the background of general digitalization are shown, the possibilities and conditions of their effective interaction are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the expediency of combining the achievements of the past and the future in the knowledge transfer. It reflects the fundamental trends in the needs of users, changes in the services provided and the existing competencies of scientific libraries staff.Attention is drawn to objective and subjective reasons that hinder the innovative development of the library sphere. The information and communication potential and the possibilities of integrating librarians into the process of scientific research are shown on the example of SPSTL SB RAS. The authors have identified and summarized the basic recommendations for optimizing the situation, taking into account the best domestic and foreign experience, with an emphasis on key problems.

The Mechanics of Creative Cognition: Orchestrating the Productive Interplay of Procedural and Conceptual Knowledge in STEM Education

As a reaction to the growing economical, ecological and societal demands on education innumerous efforts and programs have been initiated throughout the educational chain to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the STEM field. On that background we sketch a framework to foster creative engagement in learning to promote scientific inquiry and modeling processes. In the theoretical part the article presents a dualistic perspective on the grounding of creative cognition in concrete experience, highlighting the productive and reflexive interplay of procedural and conceptual knowing. Their entanglement is pivotal to successful knowledge construction and application in science and technology. The ‘mechanics’ of creativity is elaborated exemplarily in a project based learning sequence that starts from investigating and modeling elastic forces as a basic paradigm of creative model construction. The creative part refers to conceptual expansions of the elastic spring model that assist in modeling emergent mechanical properties in hard and soft condensed matter. With additional moderate instructional input this knowledge is productive in creating basic models of the self-organized dynamics of biomolecular systems that orchestrate life at the cellular level. The sequence demonstrates how the interplay of hands-on experience and conceptual modeling can promote near and far transfer.

The BeAMS project: Using inquiry and modeling to introduce students to the research process in an introductory geology laboratory

Students who enter introductory geology classes often have misconceptions about geoscience research, and they seldom have opportunities to gain authentic research experience in these classes. To improve student engagement in the class and understanding of geoscience research methods, a semester-long authentic inquiry research project was incorporated into an introductory geology laboratory class. This project requires students to create scientific models to test the hypotheses they generate, analyze data they collect and reflect on challenges they encounter. The utility of models in conducting geoscience research was emphasized, and student groups chose either visual models, computer models, or physical models for hypothesis testing. The impact of the project was assessed using pre-post surveys to determine changes in student understanding of research methods and student self-efficacy. Student reflections reveal qualitative improvements in both understanding and self-efficacy after project completion. Multiple-choice questions on research methods also support an improved understanding of research methods compared to a control semester. Statistically significant improvements in confidence to perform research-related tasks also demonstrate the value of the project. Completing this project helped students understand the scientific research process and how modeling is used in Earth science research. Implementing the project required significant instructor preparation and buy-in from graduate student teaching assistants (TAs), who acted as mentors to student research groups. Future iterations of this project will include additional conceptual scaffolding for students and increased support for TAs. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2021.1951080 .

Procedural issues of applying to the court for the protection of intellectual property rights

Keywords: protection of intellectual property, court, EPC of Ukraine, CPC of Ukraine, European Court of Human Rights
 This scientific article explores the proceduralissues of going to court in case there is a violation of intellectual property rights. Inthe process of scientific research, the issues of jurisdiction in court cases on violationof intellectual property rights have been analyzed, the legal features of jurisdiction inlawsuits for violation of intellectual property rights have been determined, requirementsfor the content of a legal claim. Based on analysis of the economic procedurallegislation, it is concluded that a person who applies to the court for infringement ofintellectual property rights may refer to the cases of the European Court of HumanRights in order to substantiate his legal position. It is indicated that in the course ofthe 2016 judicial reforms in Ukraine, the rules of judicial jurisdiction and the competenceof the court in court cases on violation of intellectual property rights werechanged. At the level of procedural law, a special court was created — the High Courtof Intellectual Property, which is empowered to judicially review cases of IP violation.The High Court of Intellectual Property has not started its work for now. The authorpoints out that this situation has a negative impact on Ukrainian judicial practiceand the practice of protecting intellectual property rights.
 Based on the results of the study, the author proposed his own theoretical groundsand developed proposals for improving procedural legislation regarding the possibilityof introducing alternative jurisdiction in some categories of cases of violation of intellectualproperty rights. Such legal cases include copyright infringement of an individualwho is the author or the author's representative. The legal rule on alternativejurisdiction in cases of infringement of intellectual property rights is effective if thereis a violation of IP rights in the Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories. The authorpoints out that such a legislative proposal will improve the quality of legal protectionof subjects of intellectual property rights in the temporarily occupied Ukrainianterritories.

Informationisation construction of pharmacology continuing education – a case study on big data analysis of the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract The goal of promoting Information and Communication Technology of continuing education in colleges and universities is to standardise the process of teaching and scientific research, make the process more scientific and refined, so as to facilitate and improve the quality of teaching and scientific research, as well as professional disciplines. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease with chronic, symmetrical and non-specific inflammation of the synovium of the joints (subcutaneous nodules, pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonia, peripheral neuritis etc.) as the main clinical manifestations. The analysis of pharmacological big data information helps to understand its aetiology and pathological mechanism, which is complex and involves various pathogenic factors.

تحليل بحث النقد الأدبي العربي النسوي من خلال منظور الفلسفي

The aim of this article is to analyze a feminist Arabic literary criticism research from a philosophical perspective, which includes the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the research. The research subject analyzed was the poem "Sihru Sītā" which was translated by Usman Arrumi from Indonesian poet; Sapardi Djoko Damono. It can be seen that the diction used in poetry seems to corner the image of women in the form of women's oppression over men. As for the philosophical framework in completing the scientific research process, at least it needs to go through various stages, which include identifying problems, formulating problems, compiling a conceptual framework, formulating hypotheses, research methods that include data collection and analysis methods, and finally in the form of conclusions from research. Scientific knowledge, including Arabic literary research, can be said to be correct when a combination of rationalism and empiricism appears. Rationalism provides a coherent and logical framework of thought, whereas empiricism provides a testing framework to ascertain the correctness of that knowledge.

Interpreting inquiry learning in social studies: Singapore secondary school teachers’ understandings of “Issue Investigation”—a preliminary study

ABSTRACT Inquiry-based learning is becoming a widely recognized and used pedagogical approach. However, existing research has largely focused on inquiry learning in science education, neglecting fields such as social studies (SS). In Singapore, inquiry learning in SS received an impetus when a component called “Issue Investigation” (II) was introduced into the compulsory secondary school syllabus of 2016. Given the recency of this introduction, there has been a lacuna of empirical research. Addressing both these research gaps, this paper presents qualitative findings from a preliminary study of Singapore secondary school SS teachers’ perspectives and experiences relating to II. Building on a recognition of teacher agency and of the role teachers play in mediating curriculum and teaching/learning, this paper focuses on how teachers interpret the nature of inquiry learning in SS in the Singapore context. Findings suggest that teachers held broadly two conceptions of II: some saw it as aimed towards working out practical solutions to societal issues in the spirit of participative citizenship; others treated it akin to a social science inquiry process that fostered critical and analytical thinking. In addition, the challenges teachers encountered in implementing and enacting II, and their coping strategies are also briefly discussed.

A design-based pedagogical framework for developing computational thinking skills

ABSTRACT Despite of advances in computational methods for a variety of real-world problems, there is a lack of holistic educational approaches for developing Computational Thinking (CT) skills of students. The CT skills develop students’ ability to design and implement solutions using information systems development process. This paper describes how a soft computing-based multi-faceted modelling approach for solving the interdisciplinary problem of community detection in social networks can be used for developing CT skills among students. We use Design Science Research (DSR) process to design the proposed educational framework. The proposed educational framework has been implemented using R programming environment. Evaluation and feedback of students who undertook a couple of sessions establish the viability of the proposed educational framework.

HEMŞİRELERİN BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA SÜRECİNE İLİŞKİN DENEYİMLERİ VE KARŞILAŞTIKLARI ENGELLER

Araştırma, hemşirelerin klinik uygulama alanlarındaki bir bilimsel araştırma sürecini yönetme durumlarını, deneyimlerini, karşılaştıkları engelleri ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmanın evrenini, Nisan-Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında İstanbul İlinde 10 sağlık kuruluşunda görevli 1270 hemşire, örneklemini ise, 0.05 örnekleme hatası ile 295 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Veriler etik kurul onayı alınarak 18 sorudan oluşan “Yapılandırılmış Bilgi Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiş, önemlilik düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %56.6’sının lisans mezunu olduğu, %51,9’unun bir bilimsel araştırma sürecini yönettiği belirlenmiştir. Daha önce bilimsel araştırma sürecini yönetmeme nedenleri; iş yükü fazlalığı (%30.2), zaman yetersizliği (%23.1), bilimsel araştırmanın nasıl yapıldığını bilmemek (%18.6) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bilimsel araştırma sürecinde ise; araştırmanın makale olarak yazılması (%40.3), araştırma konusuna karar verme (%39.9), araştırma konusuyla ilgili kaynağa ulaşma (%33.3) konularında sıklıkla güçlük yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Bilimsel araştırma sürecini yönetme durumunu yordamada yaşın (p<0.05), eğitim düzeyinin (p=0.000) ve bilimsel araştırma süreci hakkında eğitim alma durumunun (p=0.000) pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir (p= 0.000).

Toprak Organik Karbonu ve Toprak Organik Karbon Stokları üzerine 1970-2021 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Araştırmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi

Bibliometric analysis is widely used to analyze the processes of change in scientific studies around the world. In this context, bibliometric analysis; It is important in determining the trend of research. In this article, a bibliometric analysis of the performance and change processes of scientific research on soil organic carbon and soil organic carbon stocks between 1970 and 2021 was conducted, based on articles published in journals scanned in Web of Science. The sequestration of soil organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems has a key role in ameliorating the negative effects of climate change, and this attracts the attention of scientists. The results of this study show that the articles on the subject are increasing day by day. Although the first study in this area was conducted in 1991, most of the research was done in 2020. It has been determined that the publication language of most of the articles is English. The most studies are in the category of soil sciences and the most publications related to the subject have been published in Geoderma journal. When evaluated on the basis of research area, the most research is in agriculture, followed by environmental sciences, earth sciences and forestry sciences. The USA and China are the two most active countries in studies, and the USA is the leader in soil organic carbon research. The most cited authors on the subject are Koegel-Knabner, Ingrid, Smith, Pete and Lal, Rattan. Current research focuses on agricultural sciences, earth sciences and ecology. climate change and food security issues have been discussed. It is thought that focusing on carbon budget, food safety and public health issues in the studies to be carried out will contribute to filling the gaps in the related field.

HUMANISTIČKE NAUKE U POSTDIGITALNOM DOBU: ULOGA I MOGUĆNOSTI PAMETNIH BIBLIOTEKA

From its very beginnings to the present day, libraries are one of the fundamental components of scientific infrastructure and they are emerging at all levels of scientific research, providing direct support to the scientific rese-arch process. With changes in the scientific and educational environment, as a consequence of activity in the age we call digital, and increasingly also post-digital age, changes that today are mostly moving in the direction of so- called „networked science“, scientific research processes and ways of its realization and mediation are being redefined, but also the role and libraries’ business models are changing. The way in which libraries are available to the scientific, academic and educational community in general today most often is manifested in their appearance that is named so-called „smart libraries“. The paper, in a new and innovative way, presents research of the complex interrelations-hips between the humanities, digital and postdigital age in which they operate today, but also of the potentials of the current alteration of libraries which we call smart libraries – all with the aim of improving and continuing humanities and other related research of today. Thus, the survival of the humanities in the digital and postdigital age is reaffirmed, but, at the same time, inevitability of libraries in the complex processes of humanistic and scientific research in general is argued. In doing so, special attention is paid to the changes within the higher education framework, whose information hub is represented by academic libraries, as well as to the consequences of their redesign in the direction of smart libraries for the humanities and related sciences.

عرضُ المُحَدِّثِینَ مُصَنَّفَاتِهم عَلَى مَشایخِهم (تَأْصِیلٌ لِأخْلاقِیَّاتِ وتحکیم البحثِ العِلْمِی)

يسعى هذا البحث إلى الکشف عن أصول منهجية لعمليات تحکيم البحث العلمي المعاصر وأخلاقياته ، من خلال تراث المحدثين ، فکثيرا ما يتغنى البعض ممجدا المناهج الغربية في تدقيق عملية البحث العلمي وکأن تراثنا لم يسهم بشيء في البناء الحضاري، بل أحيانا يحصل التهجم على تراثنا البحثي العريق ، فينسب إلى عدم الدقة ( واللا منهجية ) وهذا يؤدي إلى مزيد من التبعية الفکرية . وقد تمت المعالجة من خلال : بيان المنطلقات التي ينطلق منها الباحث في عرض المصنفات على المختصين ، ثم بالتأصيل لأخلاقيات البحث العلمي من خلا ل عرض المحدثين مصنفاتهم على مشايخهم ، ثم التأصيل لعمليات التحکيم العلمي المعاصرة. ومن أهم النتائج التي أسفر عنها البحث : أسبقية المحدثين – في تدقيق البحث العلمي ، حيث کانوا يحرصون على عرض کتبهم على المشايخ لمراجعتها وتدقيق النظر فيها. وتهافت مزاعم الممجدين للمناهج الغربية في تدقيق عملية البحث العلمي، ورفض التهجم على تراثنا البحثي العريق ، ونسبته إلى عدم الدقة ( واللا منهجية). والتأصيل لعرض المحدثين کتبهم يبرز امتدادا حضاريا وسبقا في المجال التطبيقي للبحث العلمي. This research seeks to uncover the methodological origins of contemporary scientific research arbitration processes and its ethics through the heritage of prophetic Hadith narrators. Very often some sing the praise of the Western methods in the scrutiny and verification of the scientific research process, as if our heritage did not contribute anything to the construction of civilization. To make matters worse, attacks sometimes occur on our rooted ancient research heritage, attributing to it imprecision and non-methodology, and this leads to more intellectual dependency. This issue has been dealt with via the following procedures: First, clarifying the starting points and the hypotheses on which the research in the field of presenting works to specialists is based Second, exploring the roots of the ethics of scientific research via discussing the submission of works by Hadith narrators to their sheikhs Third, rooting contemporary scientific arbitration processes. Among the most important results of the research are the following: The primacy of the modernists - in scrutinizing scientific research, as they were keen to present their books to the sheikhs for review and scrutiny. The claims of the glorified Western curricula rushed to scrutinize the scientific research process, refusing to attack our ancient research heritage, and attributing it to inaccuracy (and unsystematicism). And the rooting for the modernists’ presentation of their books highlights a civilized extension and a precedent in the applied field of scientific research..