Reorganization Process Research Articles

Molecular Dynamics Study of Clathrate-like Ordering of Water in Supersaturated Methane Solution at Low Pressure.

Using molecular dynamics, the evolution of a metastable solution for "methane + water" was studied for concentrations of 3.36, 6.5, 9.45, 12.2, and 14.8 mol% methane at 270 K and 1 bar during 100 ns. We have found the intriguing behavior of the system containing over 10,000 water molecules: the formation of hydrate-like structures is observed at 6.5 and 9.45 mol% concentrations throughout the entire solution volume. This formation of "blobs" and the following amorphous hydrate were studied. The creation of a metastable methane solution through supersaturation is the key to triggering the collective process of hydrate formation under low pressure. Even the first stage (0-1 ns), before the first fluctuating cavities appear, is a collective process of H-bond network reorganization. The formation of fluctuation cavities appears before steady hydrate growth begins and is associated with a preceding uniform increase in the water molecule's tetrahedrality. Later, the constantly presented hydrate cavities become the foundation for a few independent hydrate nucleation centers, this evolution is consistent with the labile cluster and local structure hypotheses. This new mechanism of hydrogen-bond network reorganization depends on the entropy of the cavity arrangement of the guest molecules in the hydrate lattice and leads to hydrate growth.

Preventing a Scarring Start into the Labor Market: Integration Strategies for Young Persons with Disabilities.

Sociodemographic and structural conditions have consequences for the labor market participation of young persons with disabilities (YPWD) in vocational rehabilitation (VR). As the type of program determines the labor market chances, we analyze the processes of selecting active labor market programs (ALMP) in VR. Which factors determine the allocation to (1) programs in general and (2) moreover, the allocation to specific programs? We conduct logistic (1) and multinomial regression (2) using register data of the German Federal Employment Agency. Besides variables on the micro level, we control for a wide range of structural and organizational influences. The sample comprises VR and employment biographies of 255,009 YPWD accepted to VR between 2010 and 2015. Program participation is restricted to start 180 days after VR acceptance. Sociodemographic factors, like age and the status before entering VR as well as the local apprenticeship market as a structural condition, highly influence the general allocation to ALMP. For the allocation to specific ALMP, sociodemographics (age, education, type of disability, status before entering VR) are highly relevant. Furthermore, structural conditions (regional structure of subsidized vocational training and of the apprenticeship market as well as local work possibilities on a special labor market for PWD) and - to a lesser extent - re-organization processes at the FEA (NEO, VR cohort) are important determinants. (Automatic) paths into VR programs for especially persons with mental disabilities in sheltered workshop are clearly shown. Furthermore, it is somewhat questionable that YPWD participate more often in sheltered workshops in regions where sheltered work possibilities are more common, as well as where NEO was implemented locally; and participate more often in company-external vocational training where VR service providers are commissioned to a greater extent.

Light-Driven Conversion of Silicon Nitride Nanoporeto Nanonet for Single-Protein Trapping Analysis.

The single-molecule technique for investigation of an unlabeled protein in solution is very attractive but with great challenges. Nanopore sensing as a label-free tool can be used for collecting the structural information of individual proteins, but currently offers only limited capabilities due to the fast translocation of the target. Here, a reliable and facile method is developed to convert the silicon nitride nanopore to a stable nanonet platform for single-entity sensing by electrophoretic or electroosmotic trapping. A nanonet is fabricated based on a material reorganization process caused by electron-beam and light-irradiation treatment. Using protein molecules as a model, it is revealed that the solid-state nanonet can produce collision and trapping flipping signals of the protein, which provides more structural information than traditional nanopore sensing. More importantly, thanks to the excellent stability of the solid-state silicon nitride nanonet, it is demonstrated that the ultraviolet-light-irradiation-induced structural-change process of an individual protein can be captured. The developed nanonet supplies a robust platform for single-entity studies but is not limited to proteins.

Duty calls: prediction of failure in reorganization processes

PurposeUsing data from business reorganization processes under Act 1116 of 2006 in Colombia during the period 2008 to 2018, a model for predicting the success of these processes is proposed. The paper aims to validate the model in two different periods. The first one, in 2019, characterized by stability, and the second one, in 2020, characterized by the uncertainty generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA set of five financial variables comprising indebtedness, profitability and solvency proxies, firm age, macroeconomic conditions, and industry and regional dummies are used as independent variables in a logit model to predict the failure of reorganization processes. In addition, an out-of-sample analysis is carried out for the 2019 and 2020 periods.FindingsThe results show a high predictive power of the estimated model. Even the results of the out-of-sample analysis are satisfactory during the unstable pandemic period. However, industry and regional effects add no predictive power for 2020, probably due to subsidies for economic activity and the relaxation of insolvency legislation in Colombia during that year.Originality/valueIn a context of global reform in insolvency laws, the consistent predictive ability shown by the model, even during periods of uncertainty, can guide regulatory changes to ensure the survival of companies entering into reorganization processes, and reduce the observed high failure rate.

Prediction of failure in reorganization agreements under Colombia's Corporate Insolvency Act

PropósitoProporcionar una panorámica de la implementación de la Ley 1116 de 2006 a partir de las empresas que suscribieron acuerdos de reorganización en Colombia en el periodo 2008–2018 y evaluar la relevancia de un conjunto amplio de predictores financieros, así como variables relacionadas con el entorno económico o de características del propio proceso, para explicar el fracaso de la reorganización.Diseño/Metodología/AproximaciónSe han estimado tanto modelos logit como probit, partiendo de un amplio número de variables propuestas en la literatura, que luego se reducen a una selección final basada en su significancia individual y una metodología de machine learning.HallazgosUn número reducido de variables relacionadas con los fondos propios, el endeudamiento, los beneficios y la liquidez prevalecen como predictores financieros del fracaso de los procesos de reorganización. El uso de información del año anterior al cierre del acuerdo mejora la precisión de las predicciones realizadas. El indicador de conversión de deuda en capital no ofrece capacidad explicativa significativa, mientras que la entrada voluntaria a la reorganización favorece su éxito.Originalidad/ValorMuchos trabajos han usado información financiera y contable para predecir eventos de insolvencia. En nuestro caso se usa esta información para predecir el éxito o fracaso de los procesos de reorganización bajo una ley específica en el contexto latinoamericano.

A Large Neighborhood Search Algorithm with Simulated Annealing and Time Decomposition Strategy for the Aircraft Runway Scheduling Problem

The runway system is more likely to be a bottleneck area for airport operations because it serves as a link between the air routes and airport ground traffic. As a key problem of air traffic flow management, the aircraft runway scheduling problem (ARSP) is of great significance to improve the utilization of runways and reduce aircraft delays. This paper proposes a large neighborhood search algorithm combined with simulated annealing and the receding horizon control strategy (RHC-SALNS) which is used to solve the ARSP. In the framework of simulated annealing, the large neighborhood search process is embedded, including the breaking, reorganization and local search processes. The large neighborhood search process could expand the range of the neighborhood building in the solution space. A receding horizon control strategy is used to divide the original problem into several subproblems to further improve the solving efficiency. The proposed RHC-SALNS algorithm solves the ARSP instances taken from the actual operation data of Wuhan Tianhe Airport. The key parameters of the algorithm were determined by parametric sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the proposed RHC-SALNS is compared with existing algorithms with excellent performance in solving large-scale ARSP, showing that the proposed model and algorithm are correct and efficient. The algorithm achieves better optimization results in solving large-scale problems.

Surface Reorganization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoflowers for Efficient Electrochemical Coenzyme Regeneration.

In the past 20 years, enzymatic conversions have been intensely examined as a practical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organocatalytic conversions for chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediate production. Out of all commercial enzymes, more than one-fourth are oxidoreductases that operate in tandem with coenzymes, typically nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Enzymes utilize coenzymes as a source for electrons, protons, or holes. Unfortunately, coenzymes can be exorbitant; thus, recycling coenzymes is paramount to establishing a sustainable and affordable cell-free enzymatic catalyst system. Herein, cost-effective transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), 2H-MoS2, 2H-WS2, and 2H-WSe2, were employed for the first time for direct electrochemical reduction of NAD+ to the active form of the NADH (1,4-NADH). Of the three TMDCs, 2H-WSe2 shows optimal activity, producing 1,4 NADH at a rate of 6.5 μmol cm-2 h-1 and a faradaic efficiency of 45% at -0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl. Interestingly, a self-induced surface reorganization process was identified, where the native surface oxide grown in the air was spontaneously removed in the electrochemical process, resulting in the activation of TMDCs.

PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE SEWING FACTORY “BOLSHEVICHKA” IN KOSTANAY IN 1942

As a result of the threat of German occupation of the western regions of the USSR, the state leadership decided to evacuate the population and strategically important enterprises to the eastern regions. In the summer[1]autumn of 1941, the Bolshevichka factory was evacuated from Kherson to Kostanay. From the moment of arrival at a new destination, the process of reorganization of the work of the factory team begins. Based on archival materials, the article examines the systematization of the factory during this period.

The economics of prepackaged bankruptcy

The economics of prepackaged bankruptcy

The Onslaught of Civilization and Emerging Mental Health Issues

Civilization evolved through 1000 of years as epicenters in several parts of the world and has now become a global civilization. The main pursuits have been for better survival, increased longevity, societal development, peaceful living, and individual development among others. It is also known that the evolution of civilization goes parallel with evolution of brain through continuous processes of adaptation and reorganization of brain functions by gene–environment interactions and epigenetic processes. Thus, civilization has a major impact on brain development and mental health. Current civilization in many ways has come in conflict with the biological objective of survival of the human species. There is value on economic growth and productivity, control and conquering of nature with devastating consequences. Socioeconomic disparities, poverty, inequity in resource distribution and social power, fragmentation of family and communities, individualistic materialistic outlook, lack of psychological anchoring, mindless globalization, climate crisis, and so on are some of the facets that have unleashed a spate of new mental health challenges across the globe. Researches on social determinants of mental illness have shown significant risk factors emanating from one common factor that is civilization. Mental illness is not individually produced and therefore cannot be tackled in silos. It will require whole society's response and systemic approaches beyond the domain of health alone. There is a need to pursue pro-mental health policies at the global societal level to rein in the ever-expanding pool of mentally unwell population.

Phenomenological Sociology on Stage

This article proposes an interpretation of the theatrical experience mobilising Alfred Schütz’s theoretical framework and conceptual tools. The text presents the accounts of some theatre operators (actors, directors, students in training, both amateurs and professionals) from whose words it is possible to seize, without forcing or over-interpretate them, the expendability, the relevance and the topicality of the Schützian thought and lexicon. Such an approach allows not only to question and investigate the phenomenological status of the artistic world but also to sketch a “dramatization” of the phenomenology of the social world proposed by the Viennese intellectual. In this perspective the text focuses on the processes of typification, sedimentation and reorganization of the stock of knowledge, on the structuring of the socio-spatio-temporal sphere and on the negotiation between expressed and interpreted meaning, in order to analyse how they work in the theatrical experience.

Koń a sprawa federalna. William Rosecrans i odbudowa oraz reorganizacja kawalerii Armii Cumberlandu zimą i wiosną 1863 roku

Horse and the Federal Cause: William Rosecrans and Reconstruction and Reorganisation of the Cavalry of the Army of the Cumberland during the Winter and Spring of 1863 The aim of this article is to explore the process of reorganisation and reinforcement of the cavalry branch of the Army of the Cumberland in the winter and spring of 1863. Initially weak and ineffective cavalry was one of the main reasons behind logistical difficulties encountered by the army commanded by general-major William S. Rosecrans. To diminish the impact of those difficulties Rosecrans reorganised his cavalry. The process was multi-faceted – he attempted to increase its numbers, improve the armament and create the mounted infantry as a supporting force. While his attempts were eventually successful his position as an army commander, due to his abrasiveness and constant telegrams to his superiors, became weaker.

Reorganizacija Vojske Republike Srpske (1995-1996)

Reorganisation of the Army of the Republic of Srpska (VRS) was caused by strategic and operational situation in the Republic of Srpska in October 1995. A proposal of reorganisation was based on an evaluation of the military situation and possible continuation of the war. The aim of reorganisation was to improve combative capacities of the VRS by its rationalisation and by enhancement of its effectiveness. There were four options of reorganisation of the VRS, and the one which advocated for creation of a large and strong brigade consisting of several light brigades instead of creation of several divisions within each corpus seemed to be the most acceptable. The Republic of Srpska did not have a demographic and economic potential for radical reorganisation of its army. However, the Dayton Peace Agreement of 21 November 1995 and its implementation created a new reality, which inevitably influenced the process of reorganisation of the VRS. By June 1996, a great majority of soldiers were demobilised and a new form of the VRS was achieved, with some additional changes taking place in December of the same year. The next reorganisation, which took place in 2002, as well as the one in 2004-2005, both under the strong pressure of the Western powers, led gradually to an annulment of the VRS and its integration in the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Prepacks as a mechanism for resolving financial distress: The evidence

Prepacks as a mechanism for resolving financial distress: The evidence

Analysis of centrosomal area actin reorganization and centrosome polarization upon lymphocyte activation at the immunological synapse.

T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation of T and B lymphocytes, by antigen presented on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) induces the formation of the immunological synapse (IS). IS formation is associated with an initial increase in cortical filamentous actin (F-actin) at the IS, followed by a decrease in F-actin density at the central region of the IS, which contains the secretory domain. This is followed by the convergence of secretion vesicles towards the centrosome, and the polarization of the centrosome to the IS. These reversible, cortical actin cytoskeleton reorganization processes occur during lytic granule secretion in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, proteolytic granules secretion in B lymphocytes and during cytokine-containing vesicle secretion in T-helper (Th) lymphocytes. In addition, several findings obtained in T and B lymphocytes forming IS show that actin cytoskeleton reorganization also occurs at the centrosomal area. F-actin reduction at the centrosomal area appears to be associated with centrosome polarization. In this chapter we deal with the analysis of centrosomal area F-actin reorganization, as well as the centrosome polarization analysis toward the IS.

Adalékok az Erdélyi Református Egyházkerület püspöki székhelye körüli vitákhoz a 18–19. században

"On the Debates about the Episcopal See of the Transylvanian Reformed Diocese in the 18th–19th Centuries. In parallel with the process of reorganization of the Transylvanian Reformed Diocese, some significant changes took place around the bishop’s office. The first change was around the bishop’s residence. From 1782, the bishop’s permanent residence was in Nagyenyed, in a building donated by Zsuzsánna Thoroczkay for this purpose. Since from then on the bishop was the first priest of the parish of Nagyenyed, there was a question as to the source of his salary. No income was offered by the diocese for the bishop’s first priestly position. After a lengthy discussion, the General Consistory of the Transylvanian Reformed Diocese appointed the College of Nagyenyed to contribute Ft 300 to the salary of the first bishop of Enyed. The bishop, however, was not willing to give up his regular priestly position in another parish for this stipulated salary. Zsigmond Eperjesi was the first bishop to move from Felvinc to the new bishop’s residence in 1784, but only on the condition that he was paid a full teacher’s salary. The archives of the Enyed College were destroyed in 1849, and so we do not know exactly when and how the agreement was made according to which the bishop would receive approximately one teacher’s salary from the public treasury of the college during his time in Enyed. Bishop János Antal also lived in Enyed until 1849. In November 1849, Bishop János Antal, who was already very weak, fled to Târgu-Mureș as a result of the revolutionary events, and the bishop’s residence in Nagyenyed fell into disrepair and became uninhabitable. From 1852, Samuel Bodola took over the bishop’s duties, initially from Târgu-Mureș, and from 1854 from Cluj-Napoca. In this study, we follow up the adverse circumstances and controversies that had led to the construction of a permanent episcopal residence in the 1890s, also in Cluj-Napoca, in parallel with the construction of the building of the Faculty of Theology in Cluj, which was to be the bishop’s residence. Keywords: Transylvanian Reformed Diocese, General Consistory of the Transylvanian Reformed Diocese, episcopal see, Enyed College, episcopal residence "

"Reorganization of the Primary School Network in the Polish Carpathians in the Period 2000 - 2020 "

"The study focuses on the process of reorganization of the primary school network in the Polish Carpathians, in the period 2000-2020, determined by population dynamics and the education reform in Poland, which focused on the abolition of middle schools (junior high schools) and the return to eight-year primary schools. Primary schools located in the Polish Carpathians represent almost 10% of all schools of this type in Poland, usually with a smaller number of pupils/school (1/4 when compared to the national average). In mountainous areas with a specific settlement network, the closure of a primary school in a small village usually leads to several socioeconomic issues and may become subject to changing the managing authority due to budgetary reasons. The main aim was to determine the dynamics of the process and analyze spatial differentiations, by investigating the relation between population change in the 15-39 age group and the change in the number of schools, and to identify the location of the closed schools. Results show variability in the dynamics of the analysed variables in the case of Polish Carpathians compared to the national level, for instance, much slower dynamics of school closures than the rest of the country, the number of primary schools dropping by 14% between 2000 and 2020, while the greatest decrease in the number of pupils was observed in the Carpathian communes of Subcarpathian Voivodeship, especially in peripheral locations. However, we can conclude that in mountainous areas school closure has been highly avoided due to the engagement of different types of managing authorities, from local government to other public or private entities, in governing these schools. "

Quantitative EEG as a Biomarker in Evaluating Post-Stroke Depression.

Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) has complex pathophysiology determined by various biological and psychological factors. Although it is a long-term complication of stroke, PSD is often underdiagnosed. Given the diagnostic role of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in depression, it was investigated whether a possible marker of PSD could be identified by observing the evolution of the (Delta + Theta)/(Alpha + Beta) Ratio (DTABR), respectively the Delta/Alpha Ratio (DAR) values in post-stroke depressed patients (evaluated through the HADS-D subscale). Methods: The current paper analyzed the data of 57 patients initially selected from a randomized control trial (RCT) that assessed the role of N-Pep 12 in stroke rehabilitation. EEG recordings from the original trial database were analyzed using signal processing techniques, respecting the conditions (eyes open, eyes closed), and several cognitive tasks. Results: We observed two significant associations between the DTABR values and the HADS-D scores of post-stroke depressed patients for each of the two visits (V1 and V2) of the N-Pep 12 trial. We recorded the relationships in the Global (V1 = 30 to 120 days after stroke) and Frontal Extended (V2 = 90 days after stroke) regions during cognitive tasks that trained attention and working memory. For the second visit, the association between the analyzed variables was negative. Conclusions: As both our relationships were described during the cognitive condition, we can state that the neural networks involved in processing attention and working memory might go through a reorganization process one to four months after the stroke onset. After a period longer than six months, the process could localize itself at the level of frontal regions, highlighting a possible divergence between the local frontal dynamics and the subjective well-being of stroke survivors. QEEG parameters linked to stroke progression evolution (like DAR or DTABR) can facilitate the identification of the most common neuropsychiatric complication in stroke survivors.

Areas of Outstanding Nineteenth Century Beauty: Historic landscape characterisation analysis of protected areas in England

Abstract Establishing and expanding protected areas (PAs) has become a key conservation tool in efforts to halt global declines in biodiversity. Given the ubiquity of past and present human influence, PAs inevitably include landscapes and seascapes with varying levels of human modification. We briefly review the geographical biases in England's terrestrial PA network, noting that landscape‐scale PAs (National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty) across England disproportionately occupy rugged upland terrain of low agricultural value as a result of the specific history of PA creation, but that this also biases which historic landscapes compose PAs. We explore these biases using Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC). Analysis of HLC revealed that PAs in our focal region in northern England are defined by land‐use changes and landscape reorganisation processes of the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily that of enclosure. The impact this landscape transformation had on biodiversity should now form a priority for further research. This historic landscape influence on PA designation has resulted in PAs being typically owned by large estates with consequences for their biodiversity, management and wider social impact (e.g. greater wealth inequalities). The results highlight that historic landscape perspectives are useful to address conservation priorities and practices related to the protection of biodiversity and could be especially helpful in understanding the interaction between biodiversity protection and historic land‐uses, ownership, management, access and other social impacts. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ ГИБЕЛИ НЕЙРОНОВ ПРИ ОСТРЫХ НАРУШЕНИЯХ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

Acute cerebral circulatory disorders are characterised by various changes in brain cells, often leading to mass death. This review presents a list of markers associated with different types of cell death occurring in acute cerebral circulation disorders and identifies the importance of these markers in the diagnosis of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke.Acute cerebral circulation disorder is one of the most debated issues in modern resuscitation and medicine, asit is asevere condition leading to stroke and subsequent patient death, if not treated promptly. However, rapid treatment and diagnosis of stroke is difficult due to the lack of study of morphological signs and biomarkers to reliably determine the nature of the injury. Anin-depth analysis and systematization of the available information on this topic is needed.Purpose of the review:to reveal the correspondence between the molecular mechanisms of cell death in acute disorders ofcerebral circulation and their morphological manifestations.Material and Methods.A total of 50 most relevant sources of information were selected. The sources were selected from the databases of medical and biological publications PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, and fundamental works of scientificliterature on the considered topic were involved.Results.The main mechanisms of cell death in stroke were identified and analyzed, the morphological and histological features ofthe observed processes and their structural manifestations were reviewed. Besides, the most frequently detected molecular markers specific for each type of cell death were listed.Conclusion.The study of molecular pathways andcellular reorganization processes characteristic of different types of cell death as well as their corresponding biological markers is of important diagnostic value in the detection of cerebral circulatory disorders. Determination of morphological and molecular markers typical for this condition will allow a prompt diagnosis ofstroke and minimization of its negative consequences.