Political Process Research Articles

Meningkatkan Kesadaran Partisipasi Generasi Z dan Pemahaman Pemilu yang Berasaskan Luber Jurdil di Kelurahan Sanur

Elections in Indonesia are an integral part of the democratic system, ensuring people's participation and asserting their sovereignty. The 2024 election is of particular concern due to a significant increase in the participation of first-time voters, especially Generation Z. Although their participation rates are increasing, there is also a group of non-voters who abstain from exercising their right to vote. The importance of understanding the principles of Luber Jurdil in elections, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, needs to be emphasized to create democratic elections. The main problem formulation includes efforts to increase the participation of Generation Z and understanding the principles of Luber Jurdil in Banjar Sindu Kaja. The purpose of this activity is to understand efforts that can be made to increase the participation of Generation Z in elections and their understanding of Luber Jurdil in Banjar Sindu Kaja, Sanur Subdistrict. Socialization activities at the Sekaa Teruna Teruni Sindu Putra in Banjar Sindu Kaja, Sanur Subdistrict aim to increase the participation of Generation Z in the 2024 elections and strengthen their understanding of the principles of Luber Jurdil. It is hoped that through this socialization, Generation Z can become more aware of their role in the political process and be able to vote wisely and responsibly.

Knowledge, Influence and Accountability: A Study of Political‒Administrative Relations and Civil Servant Influence on Two Rural Swedish Citizen Dialogues

One of the current challenges of democracy is the increasing complexity of governing and, consequently, increasing civil servant influence at the expense of elected representatives. This is also affected by what politician–civil servant relations look like and by contextual aspects, although knowledge about the extent and impact of this influence is selective. Thus, this paper examines civil servants’ influence in evidently complex and resource-intensive processes by conducting a study of citizen dialogues in two rural Swedish municipalities. Expectedly, traits of this context can be recognised throughout the results. The findings point to the position of the involved civil servants as important to the level of civil servant influence in these processes. They further suggest that process complexity may contribute to amplifying already high civil servant influence. However, they also confirm expectations about civil servants’ dispositions towards political legitimate processes, which appeared to dampen the impact of the skewed influence. I conclude that, with these contextual preconditions, the studied form of process can potentially increase civil servant influence. I also argue that, given the size and form of this study, this highlights the need for further studies in local rural contexts and local politician–civil servant relations.

Человеческий потенциал как основа совершенствования политико-административной элиты: концептуальные основы исследования

The article is devoted to the review and systematization of approaches to the analysis of human potential and human capital as the basis for the development of political and administrative elites in modern scientific discourse. It is shown that the theoretical developments of the concepts of “human potential” and “human capital” in economic science laid the substantive and conceptual foundations for the use of these categories in a broad interdisciplinary field. The article states the relevance of the concepts of “human potential” and “human” capital for understanding the effectiveness of the functioning of all components of the social system, including the political sphere. The author differentiates concepts and defines human potential as the foundation for the development of a particular industry, and human capital as a result of development; defines the features of the political science approach, which focuses on the human potential of management structures, implemented within the framework of the political process and the development of political and administrative decisions in the conditions of socio-political transformations. Raises the question of the possibility of using an interdisciplinary approach in the process of developing a conceptual model for the study of human capital as the basis for the development of the political and administrative elite in order to develop practices and technologies for its expansion.

Universal female suffrage and the 1889 revolution in the South Australian WCTU

In 1889 a young American named Jessie Ackermann visited Australia on behalf of the World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. Her time in South Australia triggered an internal revolution within the Union, which involved the democratisation, professionalisation and politicisation of its structure and operations. These changes transformed the South Australian WCTU into an organised political force that embraced the goal of universal female suffrage and marshalled the resources necessary to achieve it. While the WCTU was not the only group that contributed to the campaign for women’s suffrage in South Australia, its contribution was a weighty and indispensable one: it was responsible for recruiting the large numbers of women that were required for the campaign’s success, broadening its base, and training a new group of women as active and vocal participants in the political process. While the WCTU has been acknowledged for its support of the Woman’s Suffrage League, the extent of its influence has been minimised and the impact of the changes that occurred within the group has been overlooked. These changes, introduced by Ackermann and carried through by Elizabeth Webb Nicholls and her supporters, are crucial to understanding the achievement of universal adult suffrage in South Australia.

Lived experiences of food insecurity and food charity among asylum seekers in England: racialized governance and a “culture of suspicion”

ABSTRACT We critically examine the lived experience of food insecurity among asylum seekers in England, adopting a framework of racialized governance to consider how experiences are situated within historical and political processes. We draw upon longitudinal interviews from January 2023-February 2024 with people, including asylum seekers, living on a low-income in the North and South of England. Food insecurity was unavoidable for asylum seekers subject to No Recourse to Public Funds; food charities did little to mitigate food insecurity and could be sites of racialized stigma. The racialization of food insecurity among asylum seekers was fuelled by a politics of “racialized governance” which gained cultural traction through media narratives and manifested in everyday interactions around food. Developing literature on food insecurity among asylum seekers through new empirical and theoretical insights, we show how food charities can be racialized spaces where “non-white” asylum seekers are responded to according to a differential humanity.

The roles of AI and educational leaders in AI-assisted administrative decision-making: a proposed framework for symbiotic collaboration

AbstractEducation has always been in a state of flux because of technological disruption. As schools head towards a present in which digital technology is normalised as part of the fabric of everyday society, a post-digital paradigm, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the educational administration and leadership. It is crucial to find ways to coexist with AI while striving for a human-centric future. While numerous studies advocate for a collaborative synergy between AI and human leaders in educational governance, there is a gap in explicating the precise roles they undertake. This paper aims to address the void by providing a conceptual framework for the symbiotic roles of AI and educational leaders in the administrative decision-making process. This paper views administrative decision-making in schools as a political process involving negotiations among administrators, teachers, students, and parents. Within the framework, AI shoulders informational roles such as collecting and analysing data with its data analysis capability. Conversely, educational leaders are tasked with establishing the vision, disseminating information, managing conflicts, identifying new opportunities, negotiating and allocating decision-making authority to stakeholders. Moreover, educational leaders should encourage and supervise the implementation of AI in schools. The framework serves as a theoretical lens for prospective studies of AI impacts on education leadership and administration and bears practical implications for the preparation of future school leaders, contributing to the creation of a scenario where AI augments, rather than replaces educational leadership.

Ideals and practicalities of policy co-design – Developing England’s post-Brexit Environmental Land Management (ELM) schemes

There are few examples of where co-design has been applied to active policy development on the scale or level of complexity of England’s post-Brexit Environmental Land Management (ELM) schemes. ELM offers a fascinating ‘laboratory’ to analyse how co-design at this scale works in practice. This paper offers the first in-depth empirical assessment of the process from the perspectives of both the policy makers and stakeholders who were involved in the initial phase of ELM co-design from 2018 to 2020. Using interview data, we provide critical insights for both academics and government on 'pragmatic' applications of co-design to active policy development and reflect on what this tells us about the wider processes of policy development that may need to change in order to accommodate this more ‘democratic’ approach. Our analysis, which identified key barriers to co-design as articulated by institutional stakeholders and civil servants, revealed a mismatch between the principles and practices of ‘co-design’ in the initial development of ELM. These early-stage challenges included: (i) a lack of shared decision-making and empowering stakeholders to contribute to problem-definitions; (ii) confidentiality requirements that introduced barriers to information-sharing; (iii) insufficient transparency and feedback on what happened to stakeholder’s contributions in terms of policy development; (iv) an absence of detail on the schemes, including proposed approaches, payment rates, advice, baseline measures, the kinds of ‘outcomes’ expected, and monitoring mechanisms; and (v) a repetition of themes that participants had already discussed. Many of these mismatches may be common to other policy arenas. We argue that improved application of policy co-design in government will rely on wider changes to political processes and the institutional culture and practices within the civil service.

The trial before Pilate (jn. 18:28–19:16a): narrative and theological aspects of John’s sondergut

The article presents a narrative approach to the analysis of the episode of the political process of the conviction of Jesus Christ to crucifixion by Pontius Pilate according to the version of the Gospel of John (Jn. 18:28 – 19:16a). The trial is part of own material (Sonfergut) in the Gospel of John and aims to demonstrate the kingship of Jesus, the central motif of which is the text of Jn. 19:1-3. The article analyzes the literary context of the narrative sequence and its plot development. As a result, follows the analysis of the narrative component and theological categories of Ivan's narrative.

Inferring local social cost from renewable zoning decisions. Evidence from Lower Austria’s wind power zoning

Large infrastructures, such as wind turbines, may adversely affect their environment, so their deployment is often regulated. These regulations are frequently based on a dichotomy between areas considered feasible or infeasible areas for infrastructure deployment. To overcome the inability of such a binary distinction to adequately represent the involved economic trade-offs between, but also within feasible and infeasible areas, we establish a discrete choice framework to elicit social preferences implicit in Lower Austria’s wind power zoning and generate comprehensive estimates of local social costs in high spatial resolution. Our findings suggest that wind turbines were attributed significant local social costs in the political zoning process. These local social cost estimates can inform siting decisions, improve power system modelling and open a novel perspective on the assessment of potentials for renewable energies.

Infrastructure and the evolution of settlement space: a study from a spatial anthropological perspective on the Pearl River Delta

The complex system of the settlement space in China’s Pearl River Delta region has always featured infrastructure as a key medium to explore the evolution of the settlement space. Therefore, anthropological research on infrastructure has become an important dimension for researchers to in analyzing social and spatial issues in the Pearl River Delta region. This study explores the correlation mechanism between infrastructure and settlement space by referring to literature reviews and empirical cases, revealing the underlying political factors, economic factors, cultural factors, and complex social change process of the physical space through empirical case studies. It provides a theoretical research genealogy for exploring spatial evolution in addition to a research sample for analyzing social and cultural changes in the Pearl River Delta region. Moreover, it emphasizes the cognitive significance of historical context and has important implications for future urban development.

A Common Effort: New Divisions of Labor Between Journalism and OSINT Communities on Digital Platforms

This article explores the interactions between journalistic actors and emerging open-source intelligence and investigation (OSINT) communities. It employs qualitative content analysis of discourse from two OSINT communities surrounding three events following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which received substantial coverage in news media. OSINT practices are rapidly becoming a mainstay of the contemporary political process by allowing ordinary citizens to verify information shared through digital platforms, which is traditionally the societal task assigned to journalism. In doing so, they provide a timely factual baseline for opinion formation and political decision-making. This research explores the role constellations resulting from this shift in verification duties from journalistic actors to amateur online communities on digital platforms and maps the fundamental dynamics involved in OSINT. We analyze how information is received and processed in OSINT communities, how digital platforms facilitate the fact-checking process, and how journalism and OSINT interact. Based on our findings, we develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes between the input, throughput, and output phases of OSINT. Our model contributes to a baseline understanding of the crucial and novel partnership between citizens and journalists on digital platforms.

YOUTH PEOPLE’S CIVIC AND POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AT SMAN 1 GIRI, BANYUWANGI REGENCY

This community service activity aims to increase the political and civil literacy of novice voters in preparation for the 2024 Simultaneous Elections in Indonesia. The targets of this community service activity are school students or youth who are at least 17 years old in the year the 2024 Simultaneous Election will be held. Youth were chosen as the main target because they are a group with a large proportion in the 2024 election contestation which will determine the future of democracy. As new voters, they need preparation and a deep understanding of how to participate in the political process effectively to determine the direction and policies of government. For this reason, the Public Administration Department of Universitas Airlangga will partner with the East Java Provincial Education Office which will later provide guidance to the SMAN 1 Giri, Banyuwangi Regency to hold a community service program at the school. Community service activities will involve understanding the political system, democratic processes, political issues, and the importance of active political participation. Activities will be carried out through three main stages: preparation, implementation and evaluation. The preparatory stage involves collecting and compiling relevant political and civic literacy materials. Next, the implementation stage will involve counseling, workshops and group discussions to provide in-depth understanding to novice voters. The evaluation stage will be carried out to measure the effectiveness of the program and obtain feedback from participants. It is hoped that this activity will provide a fundamental contribution in increasing the political and civil literacy of novice voters. With a better understanding of the political system, first-time voters will be able to make good political decisions, participate actively in the political process, and critically evaluate the information they receive.

Transformation Of Political Participation In The Digital Age, The Role Of Social Media In Shaping Public Opinion And Mass Mobilization

In the digital era, social media has become a significant tool in redefining how society participates in the political process. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable individuals and groups to voice their opinions, organize movements, and influence public policy more directly and swiftly compared to traditional media. This study aims to examine the transformation of political participation in the digital age, focusing on the role of social media in shaping public opinion and mass mobilization. The research method used in this study is a literature review. The research finds that social media has the power to expand the reach of political participation, especially among younger generations and marginalized groups who were previously difficult to engage through traditional political channels. However, this study also highlights several challenges that arise, including the spread of misinformation, opinion polarization, and the risk of political manipulation through social media algorithms. In conclusion, social media has great potential to transform political participation, but it also requires a cautious approach in managing its negative impacts. Further research is needed to understand how policies can be adapted to this new reality to ensure more inclusive and healthy political participation in the digital age.

Komunikasi Politik: Definisi dan Konsep

In a modern era filled with information upheavals and complex political dynamics, a profound understanding of political communication becomes increasingly crucial. This article outlines a brief introduction to the significance of political communication in shaping public opinion and political decisions. Its aim is to delve into the fundamental concepts and implications of political communication in contemporary society. Descriptive qualitative methods are employed to explore and analyze relevant literature and research. The research findings indicate that political communication plays a central role in shaping the political dynamics of a nation, while a deep understanding of political concepts helps address complex challenges in the political process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of conducting effective political communication and possessing a strong grasp of political concepts to strengthen democracy and build public trust in the future.

Political interpretation of social processeschanged reality: political-values aspect

The article analyzes transformational political, ideological and sociocultural processes occurring in a constantly changing reality. The basic values of democracy, emerging contradictions and conflicts, relations between the state and the church, etc., which largely determine future social processes, are studied. It talks, in particular, about human rights as a new type of political and legal culture and ideology, which is aimed at «preserving the people» (more precisely, their identity and cultural originality), as well as what violations they are subject to, and how they can be resolved pending difficulties. Issues of state-confessional relations, which involve a comparative solution to the problem of realizing the interests of society and each of its layers, have become the subject of the political science of religion described in the article, which considers this socio-cultural phenomenon as one of the main environments for political socialization, i.e. formation of political attitudes and values of individuals and groups; and also to create a democratic climate, social work, global diasporas. Religious organizations are considered by this applied subdiscipline as elements of the institutional subsystem of society (along with the party system and the media), especially due to their ability to influence the government and politicians. Based on recent political science and sociological research, it shows the interrelation and interdependence of social processes with political and, especially, geopolitical realities, rich in various significant political events — a terrorist attack, the Northern Military District, the election of the President of the Russian Federation, his subsequent inauguration on May 7, the Victory Parade and related him the procession of the Immortal Regiment and many others. An interpretation of these events is given from a political science point of view.

Features of preventing abuse of authority or official position committed by public servants

Corruption in Ukraine is recognized as a threat to national interests, sustainable development and European integration. Despite the significant efforts made by the state and international institutions to overcome corruption in the main spheres of public life, its level still remains high. When defining the essence of corruption, one should first of all proceed from the fact that it cannot be reduced to any specific socially dangerous act, to a specific offense. Corruption is the result of the historical development of society and the state, including Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian state. At the same time, in the last decade, corruption in Ukraine gained an unprecedented scope and influence on political, economic and other social processes. It іs found that the problems of countering corruption in Ukraine in many respects coincide with similar problems in other countries. This coincidence is caused by the same social essence of corruption as the corrosion of power, which consists in the abuse by officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies of power or official position for selfish or other personal interests. Regardless of the differences in the state system, the main socio-economic prerequisites of corruption are the same in principle for all countries − the imperfection of the mechanism of the exercise of power, the desire of subjects endowed with power to use this power for personal purposes, and the main directions of combating corruption − restrictions, neutralization and elimination of its social prerequisites, causes and conditions of corrupt acts, determination of restrictions and prohibitions for civil servants, establishment of responsibility for their violation. The reduction of corruption to a certain type of offense by a certain part of scientists and practitioners is one of the most significant mistakes in the understanding of corruption. Corruption is a social phenomenon that has social conditions, social patterns of development and exerts a negative influence on social processes. Existing in society and being a product of social relations, it permeates various social spheres of society, deforming social relations in different ways.

고려말 새로운 정무 처결 모델의 등장: 공민왕의 報平廳 聽政

This paper traces the meaning of “handling matters of state(聽政)” discussions in Goryeo(高麗). From the reign of King Wu(禑王) onwards, the officials(官人) continuously petitioned the king for the implementation of 'handling matters of state'. Rather than being a generic term for the resolution of political affairs, the term came to refer to a specific form of political decision-making process: the king would receive a council of officials, report on their affairs, and make decisions regarding them. Where, then, did the officials' idea of a specific form of “handling matters of state” come from? How did the practice of this idea begin? Why did officials continue to petition for the implementation of handling matters of state? This paper attempts to answer these questions. First, where did the idea of “handling matters of state” come from and how was it implemented? I turned my attention to the Ming Emperor Taizu(太祖)'s letter sealed with an imperial seal(璽書), received in the 19th year of King Gongmin(恭愍王). In this letter, the emperor insisted that the King should have a fixed place to show dignity to his subjects. A few months later, the first “handling matters of state” was carried out at Bopyeongcheong(報平廳). The process of preparing for the “handling matters of state”, including the erection of the “no-frills” folding screen, is interpreted as a demonstration of the king's dignity. However, King Gongmin reduced the number of “handling matters of state” from the original plan, and even then, they seem to have been seldom executed. Subsequent kings also practiced “handling matters of state”, but only intermittently and sporadically. The reason why kings did not enforce “handling matters of state” is because, since the Yuan(元) Dynasty, they were able to handle most of their affairs through a small circle of entourage. King Chungryul(忠烈王)’s bītīkchī(必闍赤) and King Gongmin's inner cabinet(內宰樞) were symbolic institutions that represented aspects of such entourage politics. Under these circumstances, the officials were critical of the dominance of a small circle of officials and sought to change the political decision-making model of the time by expanding the contact between the king and the officials. They mobilized the “handling matters of state”, which they had done several times before, and petitioned for its implementation. The officials chose the “handling matters of state” model because it allowed them to report directly to the king and receive decisions from him, creating more contact between the king and officials.

‘달리뜨스탄(Dalitstan)’: 인도 식민지 말기 달리뜨 분리주의의 맥락과 성격

History of Modern India witnessed the struggles and negotiations of Dalits, the former Untouchables to secure their rights in various fields. Their movement, with its various stages from collective awakening to political entitlement, and to new cultural identity making, has primarily been led by B. R. Ambedkar. All these activities of Dalit movement have persisted amidst political upheaval of national movement and state formation in India. Dalits, facing the late-colonial and early republican circumstances, had to construct their own identity which survived the ‘all-embracing’ Hindu identity and to secure the safeguards as a minority while being recognized as the equal citizens of Republic of India. This research pays attention to the separatism of Dalit community suggested by Ambedkar during the 1940s and onwards. In the political process of the 1930s, he established a separate Dalit party and demanded separate electorates to become a political entity separate from Hindus, which was not fulfilled as his original demand. During the state-formation period of 1940s, separatist ideas have been presented by various minority groups. Ambedkar suggested his idea on geographical separatism for Dalits. The demand for separate settlements was proposed along with the political entity separated from Hindus through separate electorates, appropriate representation in public offices and budgets. Unlike the separatism of religious minority groups, Dalit separatism was not aimed at establishing an independent nation-state but was a practical alternative to overcome the poor economic base of Dalits and escape caste Hindu discrimination in villages. Dalitstan had the meaning of a liberated zone for Dalits without caste Hindu discrimination and oppression. Therefore, Dalit separatism should be understood as a political discourse of minority groups in the context of state formation rather than another partition.

INTERDEPENDENCE OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGES: RISCOGENIC POTENTIAL

The article considers the risk-generating potential of changes occurring in the subsystems of modern social systems in their interaction with the natural and spiritual environment. The systemic representation of the structure of social systems developed by T. Parsons is used. The risks associated with global processes that conflict with the established approaches to the organization of material production and reproduction of cultural samples are shown. An analysis of the risks associated with the discrepancy between the interests of the groups of the social subsystem formed in the process of functioning of the economic subsystem and the cultural subsystem is given. The functions of the political subsystem to reduce the severity of these risks are revealed, as well as the risks arising in connection with the ineffective performance of these functions by the political system. Conclusions are formulated based on the analysis of modern political processes in Russia and the West. It is shown that there are objective and subjective factors reducing the effectiveness of the performance of the main functions by the subsystems of society, giving rise to significant risks of its destabilization.

Geodemographics and population distribution of Garmian administration

This research; It study the population reality (population change and distribution) in the Garmian administration. The data of population were taken from censuses (1977, 1987), estimates (2002), agricultural survey of (2012), and the researchers' own surveys were taken for all Human Settlements of Garmian administration in 2022, so that all changes and distribution are made according to dimensions (temporal and spatial) in order to interpret and analyze them scientifically and objectively. Since the location of the study area is of great geopolitical importance. becouse of those political and demographic processes of the last century. approach of study is (quantitative method) and methood of (Descriptive-analytical). the transformed population; During the study, there was a significant change in size, from 86,910 people in 1977 to 327,071 071 people in 2022, an absolute change of 240,161 people. Even their distribution characteristics have generally taken a negative direction. The balance of environmental, spatial and numerical distributions has been completely disrupted. The important results of the study is that the administrative authorities of Garmian and Sulaimani provinces can feel the dangers of deteriorating population distribution and put limits on the negative directions and plan to restore the population balance.