Processes Of Objectification Research Articles

“Missing the Mark”: Objectified Fantasies of Self and Other in Commercial BDSM

Abstract: In commercial BDSM sessions, the problems of feminized labor, the myth of modern subjectivity, and the contested status of the sex worker as variably subject or object become the frameworks for erotic play. These problems, which circle around fantasies of objectification and subjectification, are never resolved. Rather, they conflict with one another, and it is the tension engendered through this conflict that invests the session with its erotic charge. Through an ethnographic discussion of three professional dominatrixes and their clients, this article asks how transgressive investments in sociohistorical fantasies of objectification as well as the ambivalence of psychosexual processes of objectification get enacted in BDSM sessions. When dominatrixes play with these fantasies, they leverage the ambivalences in both their own and their clients’ drives for becoming subjects and becoming objects in order to play with—and even derive pleasure from—objectification.

JOÃO PEDRO

This study establishes a dialogue between the autobiography of João Pedro, a musician with a disability, and the historical-critical theory, aiming to understand and address attitudinal barriers and their social impacts. Three interviews conducted between December 2021 and June 2022 were recorded, transcribed, and validated by the participant. Based on these narratives, we identified connections between the processes of appropriation and objectification and their role in João Pedro's personal and professional developments. Our results highlight the inadequacy of public policies and actions for recognition and social justice in breaking the cycle of stigmatization faced by people with disabilities. We conclude that a true rupture of this stigma requires a personalized approach, taking into account the particularities of each individual, including their processes of appropriation and objectification, emphasizing the need for a profound transformation in attitudes and social perceptions towards people with disabilities.

The Synergy of Islam and Local Tradition: A Study of Social Sufism Values Within the Sambelien Tradition in Malangsari, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

This study delves into the synergy of Islam and local culture, particularly the "sambelien" tradition observed by the Malangsari community. This tradition serves as a poignant expression of welcome for Eid al-Fitr, encapsulating profound social Sufism values. Rooted in the community's collective aspiration for forgiveness and joy during this significant Islamic celebration, sambelien yields substantial social benefits. Employing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological orientation, the researcher conducted a thorough investigation, gathering primary and secondary data. The study draws upon Berger & Luckman's social construction theory, encompassing subjective reality, symbolic reality, and objective reality, as well as the processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization. The article aims to unravel the core values embedded within the sambelien tradition through descriptive exploratory analysis. The findings illuminate the tradition as a cherished practice among rural communities in the Malangsari region, where joint prayers in mosques or langgar symbolize communal celebration. The act of seeking forgiveness from Allah SWT, following the fasting period of Ramadan, underscores the spiritual significance of this tradition. The local community acknowledges the presence of Sufism and social values, viewing the tradition as a reflection of maintaining habl min Allah (connection with God) and habl min al-Nass (connection with others). The values inherent in this tradition align with the realms of insaniyah (humanitarian) and Ilahiyah (divine). By shedding light on the intricate interplay between Islam and local customs, particularly within the context of the sambelien tradition, this study enriches our understanding of the cultural tapestry that defines communities in the Malangsari area and beyond.

“It is about discomfort and helplessness” – The hegemonic sports culture informed by the male gaze affecting karateka women’s embodied subjectivities

Karateka women may be characterized as masculine when viewed from the traditional martial culture and stereotyped and sexualized within the sports culture. These characterizations are gender binary organized. Women are in an arena assumed to be hegemonically masculine, with the male gaze guiding their performance as athletes and dictating expectations for their performativity as women. We carried out a study with the Spanish women's karate squad in preparation for the Tokyo Olympic Games, aiming to analyze how the hegemonic sports culture affects karateka women's embodied subjectivities through the diktats of the male gaze. The data generated with athletes and coaches, mainly through interviews carried out twice with each of them, informed processes of objectification and consumption of women in sport. Their athletic performance is devalued while, contradictorily, there is an apparent valuation of them through the sensualisation and sexualisation of their bodies. It is not valuation, though, since it keeps just favoring a desirous male gaze that, due to hegemony, addresses women as others. At times, athletes get lost in criticisms of one another, as data reported, but they are brave in being there, facing oppression daily, and becoming stronger. They often develop reflexivity and criticality of their situation, but it is not an easy task to be carried out alone. So, a community of practice among women is welcome as much as having the support of conscious men, those with greater understanding capacity, as they are internal to male culture.

Foucault and medicine: challenging normative claims

Some of Michel Foucault’s work focusses on an archeological and genealogical analysis of certain aspects of the medical episteme, such as ‘Madness and Civilization’ (1964/2001), ‘The Birth of the Clinic’ (1973) and ‘The History of Sexuality’ (1978/2020a). These and other Foucauldian works have often been invoked to characterize, but also to normatively interpret mechanisms of the currently existing medical episteme. Writers conclude that processes of patient objectification, power, medicalization, observation and discipline are widespread in various areas where the medical specialty operates and that these aspects have certain normative implications for how our society operates or should operate. The Foucauldian concepts used to describe the medical episteme and the normative statements surrounding these concepts will be critically analyzed in this paper.By using Foucault’s work and several of his interpreters, I will focus on the balance between processes of subjectification and objectification and the normative implications of these processes by relating Foucault’s work and the work of his interpreters to the current medical discipline. Additionally, by focusing on the discussion of death and biopower, the role of physicians in the negation and stigmatization of death is being discussed, mainly through the concept of biopower. Lastly, based on the discussion of panopticism in the medical discipline, this paper treats negative and positive forms power, and a focus will be laid upon forms of resistance against power. The discussed aspects will hopefully shed a different and critical light on the relationship between Foucault’s work and medicine, something that eventually can also be deduced from Foucault’s later work itself.

Multi-site domestication: taming technologies across multiple institutional settings

ABSTRACT This article advances domestication theory by developing the concept of multi-site domestication. Whereas domestication theory traditionally focuses on the ‘taming’ of technologies at a single site (most often, the household), the concept of multi-site domestication captures how technologies often require different taming processes across multiple institutional settings. In this article, we apply the concept to understand the multi-site domestication of AV1: a communication solution for children who are homebound because of chronic illness or disabilities, which creates a communicative bridge from an app on the homebound student’s phone/tablet and to a ‘telepresence robot’ that is placed physically in the classroom, where it is meant to function as the homebound student’s proxy. Using data from a larger qualitative study of the implementation of AV1 in Norway, the article shows how the ‘traditional’ domestication processes of appropriation, objectification, incorporation, and conversion play out and are complicated when domestication occurs across settings with different and at times opposing norms, rules, values, and logics. In charting these multi-site dynamics, the article updates domestication theory for an age of increasingly intertwined technologies, thus helping future studies to look beyond single sites and appreciate more complex taming processes.

Phylogenesis and ontogenesis of intelligence future officer

Introduction. The article raises the question of the causes, conditions and circumstances of the development of intelligence, the existence and possibility of the emergence of intelligence in ontogenesis or phylogenesis. It seems necessary to understand the features of the formation of personality and subjectivity in individual or collective development, which, in turn, requires an understanding of issues relevant to the domestic intelligentsia: the relationship / conjugation of personal and public, public and state, state and personal. At the same time, intercultural and interpersonal communication acts as a real field for objectification and deobjectification of values and the realization of intelligence as a personality trait, and reflection is the mechanism for improving intelligence.Materials and Methods. The study of the social existence of intelligence in ontogenesis and phylogenies was carried out from the standpoint of modern psychological approaches: axiological; activity; systemic; subjective. Within the framework of these scientific positions, the main methods for obtaining scientific information in this study were: analysis; abstraction; analogy; deduction; generalization; synthesis; comparison.Results. Intelligence is a dynamic structure, the core of which is the value-semantic sphere, a high level of culture and education, and the field for the implementation of intelligence is social subjective activity. At the same time, interpersonal communication with representatives of the intelligentsia or subjects of intelligence is a necessary condition for its development in the personality structure. Communication acts as a medium and source for the development of intelligence. Since intelligence always manifests itself in relation to another, others, nature and oneself, it develops in various forms of collective interaction and communication.Discussions and Conclusions. The communicative and reflexive nature of intelligence, as well as its focus on the implementation of the ideas of justice and equality between social subjects, allow us to say that the real field of its implementation and objectification into objects of social activity is inters objective interaction. This, in turn, is realized and functions in the field of culture, the processes of objectification and deobjectification of values. Intelligence is a dynamic structure, the core of which is the value-semantic sphere, a high level of culture and education, and the field for the implementation of intelligence is social subjective activity.

CULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SEMANTICS OF KAZAKH GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

The problem of determining cultural components, folk knowledge, and information in onomastic names, including the semantics of toponyms, which are in a "hidden" state for most linguistic domains, become relevant due to the current linguistic situation. The cultural semantics of onyms is represented in rational and irrational knowledge and information. The paper aims to show the representation of rational and irrational folk knowledge in the cultural semantics of toponyms and mythonyms, consisting of the names of species-colour attributes, plants, and numbers. The main idea of the study is to use examples to prove that the type of rational knowledge concentrates on cultural empirical information relating to the practical life of the population, while the type of irrational knowledge concentrates on esoteric knowledge representing religious, animistic, mythological, and folk beliefs. In the introductory part, the close relationship between language and culture was substantiated based on the works of renowned authors. It was shown that toponymic names are a product of cultural thinking, which accumulates the knowledge of the ethnos in the process of mastering the environment, as well as a variety of information. The main method used in the work is the anthropogenic direction. Considered within the framework of topological space as a research method, the language matrix method reveals deeply rooted cultural semantics. The method of extrapolation shows that the folk toponymic patterns are based on the motivation for natural naming common to the Kazakh linguistic culture as a whole. In the section, main results toponyms are divided into several subsections. The representation of cultural information in the semantics of the names of speciesflowers, plants, numbers, and sacred names, their implicit properties are analyzed. The processes of objectification of the types of rational knowledge in the cultural semantics of toponyms as a product of the subject's (individual and ethnocultural collective) mental activity are considered.It has been established that the semantics of sacred names reflects the moral and ethical values of the ethnos. The scientific value of the study is explained by the fact that linguistics expands the theoretical base of the field of linguocultural studies and contributes to it. The practical value of the findings is due to the fact that they can serve as material to enrich the base of linguocultural dictionaries, corpus linguistics, and culturally representative texts.

Transitions Between Domains of Activity as “Domestications of the Eye” for the Learning of Mathematics with GGBot

We present a theoretical study that allows us to attempt framing in an embodied perspective the effectiveness of the drawing robot GGBot in the learning of geometry. The aim of the article is to set the intertwining of activity, semiotics, perception, and knowledge at the crossover of Radford’s theory of objectification (TO) and Borba and Villareal’s notion of humans-with-media. Such a crossover is articulated in four building blocks: (1) processes of objectification and the role of semiotic means of objectification, where we state that digital artifacts such as the GGBot change the topology of the semiotic means of objectification; (2) cognition is sensuous and learning is a process of domestication of the eye, where perception is theoretically shaped by the interaction with GGBot; (3) GGBot and humans-with-media, where we outline new thinking collectives and their modes of activity; (4) domestication of the eye triggered by transitions between domains of activity. Each building block of our theoretical discussion is empirically anchored to four episodes involving primary school students’ learning geometrical figures using the GGBot. To conclude, we focus on two basic concepts of geometrical thinking that unfold in the shift between domains.

Students’ Construction on Political Space Openness for Generation Z

Generation Z has had enough age to join the political space. They have great potential in politics. Political parties open space for the public to participate in general election contestations as legislative candidates. Generation Z is no exception. However, the problem is when Generation Z has no interest in entering the political space. This can be motivated by the younger generation, both millennials and generation Z, who are less interested in political issues. And the absence of space and desire to channel their political desires and aspirations. This study aims to determine students' views as Generation Z and identify the processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization of the opening of political space. The method applied is a qualitative method. The theoretical perspective used is the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results of the study show that students as Generation Z have determined their political position in choosing candidates. However, they are not interested enough or have not had the full opportunity to join a political party).

Social pathologies of informational privacy

Social pathologies of informational privacy

Global hip-hop culture and the scopophilic spectacle of women in South African hip-hop music videos

In many hip-hop music videos, women’s value is reduced to sensuous display of sexuality. Asa result visual pleasure is created through the representation of women as eager and willingsexual objects. This article assesses the techniques and ways women are sexualised in SouthAfrican hip-hop music videos, and how their representation attempts to create visual pleasurefor those that consume these videos. Four critical elements are adopted from Laura Mulvey’sseminal theoretical discourse about the positioning of women in narrative cinema, to study thegender representation and sexual presentation of women in two popular South African hip-hopmusic videos. The analysis reveals that appealing to the male gaze, processes of objectification,gender division of labour and camera techniques are ways of presenting a sexualised spectacleof women for the visual pleasure of male characters and audiences of the videos.

ANALISIS KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL DAN INTERAKSI SIMBOLIK RITUAL ADAT MEPE KASUR PADA MASYARAKAT DESA KEMIREN

Mepe kasur traditional ritual is a still sustainable local wisdom coming from Banyuwangi, where people dry the black and red mattresses together in front of the house. This study aims to analyze the implementation procedure and the social construction through internalization, objectification, and externalization processes and symbolic interaction contained in the Mepe kasur traditional ritual. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview and observation being data collection methods. This study yielded three findings. Firstly, the Mepe kasur traditional ritual consisted of 1) the mattress was dried in the sun from morning until noon; 2) the mattress was swept and beat using a woven stick until the dust came out; 3) past noon, the mattress was put into the bed at home, 4) people went to do pilgrimage to the tomb of the great-grandfather Cili; 5) tumpeng sewu. Secondly, based on the social construction, the Mepe kasur traditional ritual has entered the processes of internalization, objectification, and externalization. Thirdly, in symbolic interaction, the Mepe kasur traditional ritual is intended to maintain the continuity of a family, where the mattress is a place for taking a rest and discussing to married couples.

Presentation - Teaching: between processes of objectification and subjectivation of subjects and knowledge

RESUMO A questão da docência constitui-se como temática clássica nos estudos do campo educacional. Ela envolve dimensões políticas, éticas, epistemológicas e ontológicas que se movimentam em direções e sentidos que dependem da perspectiva armada para ver. Argumentamos neste texto que o sentido de docência no qual interessa-nos investir é produzido em meio a processos de objetivação e subjetivação de sujeitos e conhecimentos. A partir de uma postura epistêmica pós-fundacional (MARCHART, 2009; LACLAU, 2005, 2011) que radicaliza a crítica aos subjetivismos transcendentais e aos objetivismos deterministas na interpretação do Social, optamos por construir nossas argumentações a partir de eixos que, em nosso entender, consistem em aporias que permitem, simultaneamente, compreender, problematizar e participar do processo de significação da docência. Universal/particular, subjetividade/objetividade, teoria/prática, ensino/aprendizagem, ciência/pedagogia e escola/universidade foram os eixos selecionados para participar do referido processo.

Apresentação - Docência: entre processos de objetivação e subjetivação de sujeitos e conhecimentos

ABSTRACT The issue of teaching constitutes a classic theme in studies in the educational field. It involves political, ethical, epistemological and ontological dimensions that move in directions and meanings that depend on an armed perspective to see. We argue in this text that the meaning of teaching in which we are interested in investing is produced in the midst of processes of objectification and subjectivation of subjects and knowledge. From a post-foundational epistemic posture (MARCHART, 2009; LACLAU, 2005, 2011) that radicalizes the critique of transcendental subjectivisms and deterministic objectivisms in the interpretation of the Social, we chose to build our arguments from axes that, in our view, consist of aporias that allow, simultaneously, to understand, problematize and participate in the process of meaning of teaching. Universal/particular, subjectivity/objectivity, theory/practice, teaching/learning, science/pedagogy and school/university were the axes selected to participate in this process.

Critical Phenomenology and Phenomenological Critique

"Phenomenological critique attempts to retrieve the lived experience of a human community alienated from its truthful condition and immersed in historical crises brought by processes of objectification and estrangement. This introductory article challenges two methodological assumptions that are largely shared in North American Critical Phenomenology: the definition of phenomenology as a first person approach of experience and the rejection of transcendental eidetics. While reflecting on the importance of otherness and community for phenomenology’s critical orientation, we reconsider the importance of eidetics from the standpoint of Husserl’s genetic phenomenology, highlighting its historical and contingent character. Contrary to the received view of Husserl’s classical phenomenology as an idealistic and rigid undertaking, we show that his genetic phenomenology is interested in the material formation of meaning (Sinnbildung), offering resources for a phenomenological approach to a materialist social theory. Keywords: critical phenomenology, critical theory, genetic phenomenology, community, normativity "

“I Like the Way You Move”: Validating the Use of Point-Light Display Animations in Virtual Reality as a Methodology for Manipulating Levels of Sexualization in the Study of Sexual Objectification

Sexual objectification of others has seen a growing research interest in recent years. While promising, the field lacks standardized stimuli, resulting in a confusion between sexualization and sexual objectification, which limits the interpretability of published results. In this study, we propose to use point-light display (PLD) as a novel methodology for manipulating sexualization levels as a first step toward isolating movement from other visual cues (e.g., clothing or physical appearance) for studying effects of sexual objectification of others. To do so, we first developed 8 virtual reality animations varying on 3 dimensions: 1) nature of movement (dance vs. walk), 2) level of sexualization (low vs. high), and 3) animation speed (slow and fast). Then, we validated these stimuli with perception ratings from 211 participants via an online survey. Using mixed linear regression models, we found evidence that our manipulation was successful: while participants took longer, were less accurate, and less confident in their response when confronted with a dancing, sexualized PLD, they also rated it as significantly more sexualized. This latter effect was stronger for participants perceiving a woman dancing compared to participants who perceived other genders. Overall, participants who reported more frequent sexual objectification behaviors also perceived the animations as more sexualized. Taken together, these results suggest that sexual suggestiveness can be manipulated by rather simple movement cues, thus validating the use of PLD as a stepping stone to systematically study processes of sexual objectification. From there, it is now possible to manipulate other variables more precisely during immersions in virtual reality, whether by adding a skin to the animated skeleton, by situating the PLD into different context, by varying the amplitude and the nature of the movements, or by modifying the context of the virtual environment.

Inovação pedagógica

No Brasil, diversas propostas políticas visam promover mudanças educacionais nas escolas e universidades, por meio da inovação. As recentes investigações sobre o tema apontam à centralidade do papel dos profissionais envolvidos com o processo inovador. Considerando a relevância dessa temática para a Educação brasileira, torna-se necessário investigar as concepções dos docentes que formam pedagogos. Assim, este artigo, teve como objetivo conhecer os processos de objetivação e de ancoragem das representações sociais de inovação pedagógica por professores de Pedagogia. Contou-se com a participação de 20 docentes de uma universidade privada, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva, adotando a Teoria das Representações Sociais como arcabouço teórico-metodológico. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisados conforme a Análise de Conteúdo, apoiada no software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados revelam que as representações sociais dos professores de Pedagogia se objetivam em “metodologias ativas” e “didática diferente” e se ancoram na sua “vivência profissional”. Conclui-se que os sujeitos percebem que a didática precisa ser diferente da pedagogia tradicional, que, para eles, seria possibilitado por meio de metodologias centradas nos alunos. Contudo, não há menção ao modo como o aluno aprende, que é pilar nas teorias que esses profissionais trazem em seus argumentos. Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Representações Sociais. Metodologias ativas. Inovação Pedagógica.

Realização de atos de escrita com função social como fator de motivação dos escolares para a produção escrita

Este artigo pretende demonstrar que o ensino da produção de enunciados por meio de atos de escrita com função social possibilita o surgimento da necessidade dessa produção valorizadora dos sujeitos e motivadora à realização de tais atos. Essa temática foi objeto de pesquisa realizada com o objetivo de compreender os processos de apropriação e de objetivação de gêneros discursivos por crianças das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental – I de um projeto de recuperação e reforço, desenvolvidos com base em abordagem dialógica acerca do ensino da linguagem, a partir de três estratégias: (1) promover o ensino da linguagem por meio dos gêneros do discurso, (2) criar condições motivadoras para os alunos se apropriarem de atos de escrita, (3) trabalhar a produção textual com função social. O artigo traz para a discussão propostas de trabalho desenvolvidas com os sujeitos da pesquisa, lançando mão de referencial teórico que considera os estudos de Bakhtin, de Volóchinov e de alguns autores da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, admitindo que o diálogo entre esses estudos proporciona uma visão dinâmica da linguagem e oferece elementos que dão sustentação ao trabalho com gêneros discursivos em situação de uso social. Os dados revelam que, a partir da produção de enunciados inseridos numa situação extra verbal, os escolares sentem-se mais motivados a envolverem-se em atos de escrita que possibilitam o desenvolvimento das capacidades linguísticas que lhes permitem realizá-los sempre que for necessário tanto em sua vida escolar como em sua vida extraescolar.

Resolving the Human–Object Divide in Sexual Objectification: How We Settle the Categorization Conflict When Categorizing Objectified and Nonobjectified Human Targets

Using a mouse-tracking technique, we measured the strength and the temporal unfolding of the conflict when people categorize objectified and nonobjectified human stimuli in the human or object category. We recorded participants’ hand movements when they categorized male and female, objectified and nonobjectified, human, and doll-like stimuli in the person and object categories. As expected, objectified women created a stronger categorization conflict compared to all other human stimuli. The nature of the mouse trajectories indicated that this response competition was caused by the distractor (object category) rather than the target (person category) and showed to be smooth rather than abrupt suggesting dynamic competition between the object–human categories rather than the sequential unfolding of a dual process. These findings demonstrate that the human–object divide fades when women (but not men) are objectified. The implications of the current findings for theorizing on processes of sexual objectification are discussed.