Process Of Gradual Change Research Articles

Integrating popular music and informal music learning practices: A multiple case study of secondary school music teachers enacting change in music education

The purpose of this multiple case study was to examine the practices and perspectives of four music teachers who integrated popular music and informal music learning practices into their secondary school music programs in the United States. A primary goal was to understand music teachers’ process of enacting change. Data included 16 semi-structured interviews, eight school site visits and observations, documents, and a researcher journal. Findings revealed that teachers enacted change within micro-contexts—their classrooms. Teachers had an internal locus for change; they developed rationales for change and initiated curricular changes in response to a lack of student engagement, which seemed to stem from students feeling insecure in their musical abilities and disconnected from the content and pedagogy used in music classes. For the teachers in this study, the solution was integrating popular music and informal music learning practices. Thematic analysis revealed eight characteristics of effective teacher-initiated change in secondary music education: (1) holistic and gradual change processes, (2) teacher reflection and inquiry, (3) teacher autonomy, (4) enabling institutional factors, (5) use of a variety of supportive networks, (6) student-centered pedagogy, (7) teacher-selected professional development, and (8) a balance of structure and chaos and formal and informal learning.

PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA HIPERTENSI DI DESA PASURUHAN KECAMATAN MERTOYUDAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Elderly (elderly) is a group of people who experience a process of gradual change over a period of time and are at risk of experiencing various health problems. Problems that are often experienced by elderly people are malnutrition, balance disorders, and the cardiovascular system, namely hypertension. Objective: To determine the effect of betel leaf decoction on blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertension in Pasuruhan village, Mertoyudan district, Magelang regency. Method: The research design used in this study was a quasi experiment using two groups pre post test with control group design. The number of samples was 36 for the intervention group and 36 for the control group. Hypothesis test analysis using Wilcoxon test analysis. Results: The results of statistical tests showed the effect of betel leaf decoction on blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertension in Pasuruhan village, Mertoyudan district, Magelang regency. p-value = 0.000 (<0.05), with a mean pre-test of 167/115 mmHg and post-test was 157/105 mmHg in the intervention group. The average control group of blood pressure before treatment was 169/119 mmHg and after treatment was 162/113 mmHg. Conclusion: There is an effect of betel leaf decoction on decreasing blood pressure in elderly hypertension in Pasuruhan village, Mertoyudan district, Magelang regency. Suggestion: Decoction of betel leaf can be given as a support therapy for hypertensive patients.

Detection of electroencephalographic, electromyographic, and cardiac variations during wake-sleep transition through change point analysis

Introduction. Wake-sleep transition is a continuous, gradual process of change. Most studies evaluating electroencephalogram spectral power during this transition have used variance analysis (ANOVA). However, using this type of analysis does not allow one to detect specific changes in the statistical properties of a time series. Objective. To determine whether change point analysis (CPA) makes it possible to identify and characterize electroencephalographic, electromyographic, and cardiac changes during the wake-sleep transition through a cross-sectional study. Method. The study included 18 healthy volunteers (12 women and six men), from which polysomnography data were obtained during a two-minute transition. Heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, electroencephalogram spectral power, as well as electromyographic median and mean frequency and electromyographic root mean square were calculated in five-second segments. These segments were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, and CPA focused individually and for the group as a whole. Results. Repeated measures ANOVA and CPA by group found decreased levels of alpha and beta power and beta/delta index during wakefulness, and increased theta and delta power levels during sleep. CPA by individual found that only alpha power changed in all participants and failed to identify a specific moment when all the variables studied changed simultaneously. Discussion and conclusion. We consider that CPA provides additional information to statistical analyses such as ANOVA for the specific location of physiological changes during sleep-wake transition.

Análisis de plataformas educativas digitales comerciales españolas destinadas a Educación Primaria / Analysis of Spanish commercial digital educational platforms for Primary Education

As a consequence of the technological advance and the massive arrival of ICT in the classroom, today we are experiencing a process of transition in schools that affects the teaching media and materials used in the teaching and learning processes. The pedagogical use in classrooms of digital content or online teaching materials is already a tangible reality that evidences a process of gradual change from traditional textbooks to new digital resources for learning. This article analyzes the pedagogical, socio-communicational and technological characteristics of a sample of commercial platforms of digital educational contents currently existing in Spain destined for Primary Education and in two autonomous communities: Galicia and Valencia. The results presented are part of the research project «The school of digital society: Analysis and proposals for the production and use of educational digital content» (EDU2015-64593-R) carried out by several competitive research groups of various universities, coordinated by the 'Laboratory of Research and New Technologies' (EDULLAB) of the University of La Laguna. To this end, an ad hoc instrument was developed and validated and administered to 13 commercial platforms. The results suggest that there is a wide range of online offer of teaching materials with a variety of formats, although the study has found that most reproduce the format of the traditional book, enriched with online resources..

A case study of a transition to dialogic teaching as a process of gradual change

The aim of this case study was to examine a process of gradual change in teaching practices during a development programme on dialogic teaching. The change process was seen to be non-linear. It included stages of regression – caused by a disharmony among the elements of dialogic teaching: indicators, principles and methods – and stages of progress which, on the contrary, came into effect when the partial elements were successfully brought into a harmonious relationship. The reflective interviews played a key role in the process of change, providing a tool for recognising disharmony and for creating a plan to overcome it.

Cardiovascular disease prevention and control of new mode and new methods

On June 20, 2014 in Washington for a meeting of the heart, a think-tank. As a call to action, the meeting to define the cardiovascular disease's prevention and control of new mode and method, to help solve the problem of merging high metabolic risk of cardiovascular disease. More than 20 representative groups participate in the discussion and meet the following consensus that metabolic syndrome is a complex pathophysiological state, is a process of gradual change, consisting of a series of known and unknown risk factors, and is associated with the severity of the disease. Treatment is the ideal mode of the metabolic syndrome, before the disease can accurately determine risk, identify the subtypes of disease, and identify the different stages of the disease, in order to better carry out prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This new mode of prevention and control of determination needs establishment of consensus, and sustainable development of this control mode, the mode of authentication, in the future continue to optimize the mode. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases/CO/TH; Metabolic diseases/CO/TH; Editorial

Phrasal verbs and analogical generalization in Late Modern Spoken English

Abstract This present study focuses on the description of the development of phrasal verbs (PVs) in Late Modern Spoken English and, specifically, aims at analysing texts taken from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey, a valuable source of spoken language from past time periods. From a diachronic perspective, the emergence of new PVs can be considered strictly linked to the process of direct formation and analogical generalization resulting in PVs as they are known in Present Day English (PDE). This study is a corpus-based investigation conducted on the Late Modern English-Old Bailey Corpus (LModE-OBC), a corpus that has been compiled by using texts from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and annotated with the Visual Interactive Syntax Learning interface (VISL). The analysis reveals that, in the time span 1750-1850, this verbal group underwent a gradual process of change also due to the contribution of direct formation and analogical generalization, a process that started in the Early Modern English (EME) period and that continued to the Late Modern English (LModE) era.

When Do Institutions “Bite”? Historical Institutionalism and the Politics of Institutional Change

Historical institutionalist theories of endogenous change have enhanced our understanding of institutional development by providing a theoretical vocabulary for analyzing how institutions may be renegotiated over the long run by social and political actors. In these theories, however, the causal impact of institutions themselves on political outcomes, including their own change and reform, is less developed—a significant problem for an institutional research program. This article addresses this problem by proposing strategies that integrate historical institutionalism’s insights into endogenous institutional change with a systematic analysis of the institutional conditions under which “bottom-up” processes of gradual change are likely to be counteracted. In particular, the institutionalization of cultural categories and the allocation of power over the timing of reform within institutional and policy configurations are important variables for understanding how preexisting institutions may enable institutional incumbents to channel, delay, or prevent institutional change altogether.

Performance analyses of building energy on phase transition processes of VO2 windows with an improved model

A new model is established to obtain the building energy with a gradual change process of VO2 optical properties. Based on this method, three types of existing VO2 films are employed to simulate the heating and cooling energy consumptions in five typical Chinese cities. The results show that the smart characteristic is not evident in VO2 glasses because these films are almost in the cold state or cold transition state in the entire year. To improve this situation, the concept of an ideal thermochromic intelligent glass is put forward. Unexpectedly, the level of energy consumption increases with the film phase transition temperature decreasing in the heating period. However, the energy-saving effects will be effectivelyimproved both in the cooling and heating periods when the phase transition process interval is shortened. The cooling energy consumptions for the ideal glass decrease by at most 81.7% and 70.5% compared with white glass and Low-E glass, respectively. In the heating period, the level of energy consumption for the ideal glass is better than Low-E glass.

Promising the Constitution

The Constitution requires that all legislators, judges, and executive officers swear or affirm their fidelity to it. The resulting practice, often called “the oath,” has had a pervasive role in constitutional law, giving rise to an underappreciated tradition of promissory constitutionalism. For example, the Supreme Court has cited the oath as a reason to invalidate statutes, or sustain them; to respect state courts, or override them; and to follow precedents, or overrule them. Meanwhile, commentators contend that the oath demands particular interpretive methods, such as originalism, or particular distributions of interpretive authority, such as departmentalism. This Article provides a new framework for understanding the oath, its moral content, and its implications for legal practice. Because it engenders a promise, the oath gives rise to personal moral obligations. Further, the content of each oath, like the content of everyday promises, is linked to its meaning at the time it is made. The oath accordingly provides a normative basis for officials to adhere to interpretive methods and substantive principles that are contemporaneously associated with “the Constitution.” So understood, the oath provides a solution to the “dead hand problem” and explains how the people can legitimately bind their elected representatives: with each vote cast, the people today choose to be governed by oathbound officials tomorrow. Constitutional duty thus flows from a rolling series of promises undertaken by individual officials at different times. As old officials give way to new ones, the overall constitutional order gradually evolves, with each official bound to a distinctive promise from the recent past. This process of gradual change is normally invisible because the oath also incorporates publicly recognized rules for legal change, or “change rules,” such as the Article V amendment process. As a result, the timing of an official’s oath becomes morally relevant only when a legal change has not complied with previously recognized change rules, such as in the case of a revolution. Finally, because promises, even constitutional promises, should sometimes be broken, the oath can illuminate the bounds of constitutional duty, including the role of stare decisis, and shed light on instances when the Constitution itself should be set aside.

Urban wetlands and disaster resilience of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Purpose – This paper aims to present a long-term research project to understand the nature and extent of degradation in a selected segment of the Colombo Flood Detention Area (CFDA) wetlands. It qualitatively explores the gradual process of change in watersheds and the wetland ecology affecting flood control services, thereby leading to full-blown disasters. It underlines the importance of protecting ecosystem health of urban ecological features for strengthening the disaster resilience of cities. Design/methodology/approach – Through analyzing the long-term change of landscape level parameters, water-quality, vegetation and soil quality, the authors emphasize the potential of an outright ecological regime change and the effects on ecosystem services of the wetlands. Findings – Colombo is a city surrounded by a large and interconnected system of natural wetlands that provides a valuable flood control service. The rapid and partly ad hoc urbanization in the past 15-25 years has caused a steady degradation in the wetlands that severely threatens the ecosystem services. It was found that the native, grass-dominated marshy habitat of the wetland is rapidly transforming into a habitat with shrubs and small trees (44 percent of the extent). Typical peaty soil in the marsh has also changed into a semi-mineral soil. Both changes result in a significant reduction in water-holding capacity of the wetland, thus increasing the flood frequency. Practical implications – These ecological changes have undermined the effectiveness of the repeated cost-intensive engineering measures taken by the authorities to contain floods. Originality/value – CFDA had not been studied previously in an ecosystem services and disaster resilience perspectives. The ecological and hydrological aspects have been studied separately without integration.

Transition of management in adolescents with IBD

Transfer of care is when a patient and his or her medical records move from one provider to another at a distinct point in time. By contrast, transition of care is a gradual process of change in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour through which the adolescent can learn to assume personal responsibility for his or her health care. IBD is a prevalent disorder, often diagnosed during childhood. Because mortality of this condition is fortunately low, children diagnosed with IBD will, at some point, transition from a paediatric to adult health-care model. Paediatric and adult health-care paradigms, including IBD-specific care, are different in a number of key areas and it is becoming increasingly apparent that young adults with chronic illness often face challenging transitions, resulting in compromised physical and emotional health outcomes. In the past decade, refining the processes related to transition of care for adolescents with chronic medical conditions has gained traction as an important public health initiative. The aim of this paper is to review concepts pertinent to transition of management for adolescents and young adults with IBD, and to review the current literature and evidence supporting transitional care in paediatric IBD.

From Commercial Travellers to Sales Representatives:the evolution of the sales profession in Britain, 1930s to 1960s

In analysing the development of modern marketing, business historians have focused on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States and Europe. This paper reviews the debates about the sources and timing of key changes in relation to the role of commercial travellers or travelling salesmen in Britain. It explores the later evolution from the 1930s to the 1960s with the transition to sales representatives, highlighting the gradual process of change and the hesitant, often negative, attitudes of managers and salesmen towards new ways of working.

From Propaganda to scientific marketing: Schering, cortisone, and the construction of drug markets

This paper examines the postwar rise of drug scientific marketing, i.e., the systematic mobilization of the biomedical sciences for promotion purposes as well as the rise of marketing into a form of science, taking the case of the German firm Schering. To analyze the specific articulation between in-house research, marketing practices and drug prescription the article follows the case of Schering’s corticoids: cortisone in the 1950s, its derivatives in the 1960s. The contrasted promotional campaigns Schering organized for both of these products reveals the combined reorganization of promotional and in-house research activities, which took place at Schering after 1945, providing for new and more intimate relationship between science and the construction of markets. It also shows that this was a gradual process of change rather than a radical departure.

The expansion of agrarian societies towards the north – new evidence for agriculture during the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition in Southern Scandinavia

Radiocarbon dates on new evidence of agriculture in Southern Scandinavia document the introduction of domesticated animals and cereal cultivation during the period 4000–3700 cal BC. The speed of the expansion was so rapid that smaller groups of pioneering farmers from Central Europe must have been involved in this process. These farmers cleared the forest and settled on inland sites. For reasons of poor preservation conditions for organic finds, bioarchaeological evidence from these inland sites is rare. However, the small amounts of available evidence clearly points to a dominating agrarian subsistence supplemented by hunting and fishing. Furthermore, the distribution of archaeological stray finds, such as pointed butted flint axes, is in certain cases located around easy accessible inland flint mines, where pioneering farmers settled on easily-workable arable soils.Evidence from contemporaneous coastal and lake shore sites show, on the other hand, a slow and gradual process of change towards agrarian subsistence, thus supporting the availability model. Our results support the theory of cultural dualism, assuming the migration of smaller groups of farmers from Central Europe. The transition towards an agrarian way of life probably happened during a complex and continuous process of migration, integration and gradual assimilation between pioneering farmers and local hunter–gatherers.

Modified Duncan-Chang E-B Model of Unsaturated Clay

Accurate in apparatus, complex in operation, expensive in fund and plentiful in time, test of unsaturated soil is difficult. Influence of status of dry and wet and degree of compacting was not considered generally when Duncan-Chang model was be used to unsaturated soil. With parameters of model served as constants, it was not consistent with the practice that parameters would be changed with saturation and water content and its application would be limited. General triaxial tests of drainage and consolidation about dry density and water content combined are carried out, influence of relation between stress and strain about clay is discussed, mathematical equations of parameters of Duncan-Chang model are established, thus modified Duncan-Chang E-B model of unsaturated clay is carried out that influence of dry density and saturation can be considered. From study we can see, on the one hand, characteristics of stress and strain about unsaturated clay are influenced obviously by saturation and dry density, the main parameters of E-B model keep close correction with dry density and saturation, and the both mutual effect can be expressed by multiplication. On the other hand, status of compacting and process of gradual change from dry to wet can be described with modified E-B model. Thus it will be more complete in factors considered, inosculate in practice, and convenient for use.

Punching Force of Cold Die of Fuzzy Reliability Considering the Random Distribution of Material Properties

In order to be considered in the calculation of punching force of cold die random distribution of material properties, meanwhile including success and failure punching during the gradual change process in the calculation. Based on probabilistic fuzzy reliability point of view, the success or failure determination will be extended to fuzzy events. Based on fuzzy reliability, the punching force of cold die calculation method will be also given when taking the impact of random distribution of material properties into account. Related analysis formulae and the fuzzy criterion of success or failure of punching are established and derived. Through which, design and engineering process are integrated, the designer will be more reliably to predict the success or failure of the punching during the design stage. The processing error of lack of statistical data and the objectivity of the success or failure determination criterion will be easily solved. Economy cost and reliability design of geometrical curve design will be also considered.

Punctuated equilibrium in the energy regime complex

The concept of a regime complex has proved fruitful to a burgeoning literature in international relations, but it has also opened up new questions about how and why they develop over time. This article describes the history of the energy regime complex as it has changed over the past 40 years, and interprets this history in light of an interpretive framework of the sources of institutional change. One of its principal contributions is to highlight what Stephen Krasner referred to as a pattern of “punctuated equilibrium” reflecting both periods of stasis and periods of innovation, as opposed to a gradual process of change. We show that the timing of innovation depends on dissatisfaction and shocks and that the nature of innovation—that is, whether it is path-dependent or de novo—depends on interest homogeneity among major actors. This paper is the first to demonstrate the empirical applicability of the punctuated equilibrium concept to international regime complexes, and contributes to the eventual development of a dynamic theory of change in regime complexes.

In defence of a humanistic approach to mental health care: recovery processes investigated with the help of clients' narratives on turning points and processes of gradual change

Several studies in recent years have shown that recovery factors as experienced by clients are not always compatible with professional approaches. For example, clients often emphasize the importance of relationships and the satisfaction of universal human needs. The aim of the study has been to explore clients' descriptions of beneficial factors and to discuss the implications of those factors for the delivery of mental health services. Method has been qualitative content analysis of 347 user narratives. The study confirms findings in earlier recovery studies, but also demonstrates that the investigation of clients' stories leads to a range of existential dilemmas. Fundamental beliefs about what constitutes effective and necessary treatment are challenged. Recovery is a fundamentally personal process that involves finding a new sense of self and feeling of hope. Furthermore, it is not only an internal process; it also requires external conditions that facilitate a positive culture of healing.

Geometric Curve Design Method of Fuzzy Reliability Based on Random Processing Errors

In order to foresee the influence of random processing errors on geometric curve in design stage, meanwhile including success and failure process during the gradual change process in the forecast. Based on probabilistic fuzzy reliability point of view, the success or failure determination will be extended to fuzzy events. The geometric curve deign method will be also given when taking the impact of random engineering error into account. Related analysis formulae and the fuzzy criterion of success or failure of designing the curve process are established and derived. Through which, design and engineering process are integrated, the designer will be more reliably to predict the success or failure of the geometric curve design during the design stage. The processing error of lack of statistical data and the objectivity of the success or failure determination criterion will be easily solved. Economy cost and reliability design of geometrical curve design will be also considered.