A titanium nitride (TiN) coating using microwaves can be accomplished in air, and satisfies the required conditions of an on-demand TiN coating process. However, the coating mechanism using microwaves is not completely clear. In this study, to understand the detailed mechanism of microwave titanium nitridation in air, the quantity of nitrogen and oxygen in reacted TiN powder has been investigated by an inert melting method. Titanium powders were irradiated with microwaves by a multi-mode type 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation apparatus, while also being held at various temperatures for two different dwell times. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that nitridation of the powder progressed with increasing process temperature, and the nitridation corresponds to the powder color after microwave irradiation. The nitrogen contents of the samples increased with increasing processing temperature and dwell time, unlike oxygen. It is postulated that the reaction of convected air with titanium is a key role to control nitridation in this system.