Process Skills Research Articles

Engagement of science process skills for teaching science concepts in early childhood

This study aimed to explore how early childhood teachers engage science process skills for teaching science concepts in early childhood settings. Social constructivist theory was employed as the guiding framework for this study. Four Grade R teachers were purposefully selected and engaged through qualitative research methods. Data generation was informed by semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Thematic data analysis was used to unpack the aim of the study. Results reveal that the low engagement of science process skills by participants was strongly influenced by their limited knowledge of content and science process skills when teaching the concepts. This finding implies that the training of early childhood teachers needs to improve and be supported with continuous development programs. This finding may inform teacher training programs and curriculum development efforts geared toward improving science education in the crucial early years of a child’s academic journey.

The Development of Inquiry-Oriented Google Sites Learning Media to Improve Students' Science Process Skills

The Development of Inquiry-Oriented Google Sites Learning Media to Improve Students' Science Process Skills

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Newman’s Error Analysis di Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

The error analysis in this research is to determine the errors made by students in solving mathematics problem solving questions based on Newman's Error Analysis, which is a method for analyzing errors in problem solving problems. This research involved 19 students in class VB at SDN 14/I Sungai Baung. The interview subjects were 6 out of 19 VB class students, each consisting of 2 students from the upper, middle and lower groups. The selection of interview subjects was carried out using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques include tests and interviews. Validity of data using technical and time triangulation. The research results showed that of the five stages of error according to Newman's procedure, the subject made four errors in working on the data presentation material. The four errors are errors in understanding the problem, there are 42 errors with a percentage of 21.87%, transformation errors there are 27 errors with a percentage of 14.06%, process skills errors there are 58 errors with a percentage of 30.20%, errors in writing answers there are 65 errors with a percentage 33.85% and students did not make mistakes reading the problem. The reasons why students do this are not being used to writing down what they know/are asking about, not understanding/interpreting the problem in the question, not being skilled enough in carrying out the calculation process, not being careful/careless, and making mistakes at the previous stage.

Diagnosis and Molecular Characterization of Dermatophytosis: An Observational Study

Dermatophytes are the keratinophilic fungi which infect humans and is the most recurring type of disease. The high level of transmissibility creates an epidemiological risk and emphasises the significance of these illnesses. However, a growing number of reports describing dermatophytes can cause deep infections in diabetic and immunocompromised patients, by invading deep layers like the dermis and hypodermis. Despite the prevalence and significance of dermatophytes in clinical mycology, it is not always possible to accurately diagnose this specific infection due to its overlapping structures among species of dermatophytes. Since it is difficult to identify species that exhibit weak characteristics in the morphological highlights, identification of the dermatophyte is often relied on its morphological analysis, which is a laborious process and demands skill. The massive shift in genetic variation, the source of infection, and epidemiological research can be discovered using molecular approaches. Therefore, the development of an accurate laboratory test for dermatophyte species identification is essential for the prevention and efficient management of dermatophytoses. One such methodology allows use of PCR technology which has many methods for molecular level characterization which is rapid, efficient, and capable of producing DNA polymorphisms specific to various dermatophyte species based on distinctive band patterns seen by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD-PCR approach will be used in this study protocol to molecularly characterize the dermatophytes for precise speciation of the sample. In addition to improving knowledge of fungal biology and pathology with a focus on adaptive mechanisms to combat difficult conditions from host counteractions, there is a need to improve awareness of the importance of these diseases through accurate epidemiological data. The advantages of molecular approaches for characterizing objects over traditional methods are their sensitivity and specificity.

Interaction of sensory processing and balance in adult cochlear implant users.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory processing skills, quality of life and balance performance in adult cochlear implant users. A sample of 40 individuals was studied in two groups; 20 normal hearing individuals (37.84 ± 15.39 years old) and 20 cochlear implant users (35.58 ± 11.22 year old). Balance performance was assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography. The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile completed by the individual was used to assess sensory processing skills. Finally, quality of life was assessed with the Short Form-36. Among the different sensory processing parameters in the adolescent/adult sensory profile, a significant difference was found between the two groups in the parameters of low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensory avoidance (p < .05). Visual, vestibular and composite scores were found to be lower in cochlear implant users by Computerised Dynamic Posturography assessment (p < .05). When assessing quality of life, emotional well-being and social functioning parameters were found to be lower in cochlear implant users (p < .05). Factors such as the inability to reach sufficient auditory stimuli due to hearing loss and the occurrence of vestibular problems after cochlear implant surgery limit the quantity and quality of sensory stimuli from the environment. Individuals with cochlear implants may prefer to live isolated from society because they cannot adequately process incoming sensory stimuli due to hearing/balance problems, and this may negatively affect the quality of life of individuals. Our findings revealed the necessity of multisensory assessment and therapy protocols when rehabilitating individuals with cochlear implants.

The influence of multiple cognitive workload levels of an exergame on dorsal attention network connectivity at the source level

This study investigates how adding a cognitive task on a balance board (exergame) affects connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) during an exergame task. Healthy young adults performed a soccer ball-moving task by tilting a balance board with their feet while their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). In this exergame, the speed of obstacles in front of the goal manipulated the cognitive workload. Higher speed means a higher cognitive workload. The study found significant changes in functional connectivity within DAN regions, specifically in the alpha band. During the shift from easy to medium cognitive task, we observed a significant increase in connectivity (p= 0.0436) between the right inferior temporal (ITG R) and the Left middle temporal (MTG L). During the transition from easy to hard cognitive tasks, strengthened interactions (p= 0.0324) between inferior temporal (ITG) and parsopercularis (pOPPER) were found. This suggests that the proposed balanceboard-based exergame enhances the functionality of specific brain regions, such as ITG and MTG regions, and improves connectivity in the frontal cortex. We also found a correlation between brain activity and performance data, highlighting that increased cognitive workload resulted in decreased performance and heightened frontal alpha activity. These findings align with research suggesting that adding cognitive games to physical activity-based tasks in rehabilitation programs can boost brain activity, resulting in improved decision-making and visual processing skills. This information can help clinicians tailor rehabilitation methods that target specific brain regions.

Comparative analysis and prospect of RNN and Transformer

Deep learning techniques have emerged as a key catalyst for innovation in the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Deep learning has significantly transformed the field of natural language processing (NLP) and voice processing. It has revolutionized the processing and comprehension of linguistic data, leading to advancements in various applications, ranging from simple text categorization to intricate speech recognition. The progress made in this area would not have been feasible without the utilization of two crucial neural network models: the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and the Transformer. These models, with their distinctive processing skills, have attained significant accomplishments in the domains of NLP, computer vision, and several other sectors. Nevertheless, although they demonstrate exceptional performance in their specific application scenarios, there are notable distinctions in processing techniques, performance enhancement, and application range. This study aims to thoroughly investigate and compare the efficacy of two models, namely RNN and Transformer, in processing natural language and speech data. This will be achieved using the research methods of literature analysis and literature review. Through the analysis of their structures, strengths, flaws, and performance in practical applications, it offers a more comprehensive viewpoint and benchmark for future study and applications. As technology advances, we anticipate the emergence of more novel models and methodologies in the field of natural language processing and voice processing. This will further facilitate the development of these technologies.

Analysis of Junior High School Students’ Science Process Skills in Environmental Pollution Based on Ethnoscience and Local Wisdom

Science process skills are skills in which student’s thinking skills are trained. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of science process skills at SMPN 2 Geger in terms of environmental pollution. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative non-expperimental. The research population was all students of class VII SMPN 2 Geger. Sampling using saturated sampling technique. The sample used in this study was 20 students of class VII SMPN 2 Geger. The instrument used was a test of student’s science process skills in the environmental pollution sub-material in the form of 12 essay questions. The research results obtained show that the average each student is included in the low category, with an average value of 32%.Â

Improving science process skills using the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) learning model on environmental preservation business material for fifth grade elementary school students

Society must be able to adapt in various ways due to the rapid progress of science and technology in the era of globalization. One of the components is education, which is fundamental for the progress of a country. Science process skills are skills for developing the perspective needed to build natural science. This research was conducted to see whether science process skills improved after applying the STEM learning model to environmental conservation business materials, in class V students at SDN 1 Ciledug located in the city of West Bandung. This research was carried out by designing a pretest-posttest group and using a science process skills test, based on the indicators that had been designed. Data analysis to determine differences in perceptions regarding improving students' science process skills, before and after implementing the STEM learning model. The results of data analysis show that science process abilities have increased on the topic of environmental conservation efforts with the application of the STEM learning model. The resulting score with the average value of science process skills increased from application of 40.51 to 85.11. This improvement in skills can be seen from the N-Gain result value of 0.75 which is in the high classification. Thus, the research results that have been presented suggest that teachers can use the STEM learning model as an alternative in science subjects, especially to improve science process skills.

Pengolahan Limbah Botol Plastik Menjadi Barang Yang Bernilai Ekonomis Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Menabung Siswa SD Negeri 56 Kelurahan Tihu, Kota Ambon

Reusing used mineral water bottles as material for making piggy banks is a popular way to teach children about the importance of saving from an early age. This practice also has the added benefit of reducing the amount of plastic waste scattered around the living environment. Plastic waste that is not managed properly can cause serious environmental pollution. The service activity at Primary School 56, Tihu Subdistrict regarding making piggy banks from used bottles aims to train children's skills in processing used goods into something useful, but also to teach the importance of saving from an early age. Making piggy banks from used bottles is an opportunity for children to develop their creativity by utilizing used items into useful products. Through this activity, children can learn while being creative, understanding the importance of protecting the environment and managing waste better, as well as motivating them to like saving.

Blended Learning in Science Classroom: Its Impact on Preservice Teachers' Science Process Skills

Blended Learning in Science Classroom: Its Impact on Preservice Teachers' Science Process Skills

The Effect of Interactive Media Based on Animated Video on Natural Science Process Skills in Elementary School

This research aims to describe interactive media for enhancing student learning outcomes and to analyze the impact of animated video-based interactive media on science process skills. The study utilized a quantitative Nonequivalent Control Group Design with a pretest-posttest involving two classes, IV-A and IV-B, each consisting of 26 students. The instrument used in this study was a multiple-choice test obtained from a test bank. Quantitative data analysis employed statistical procedures, including descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the research findings, the significance value obtained from the Independent Sample T-Test was 0.00, which is less than 0.05. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, concluding that animated video-based interactive media significantly influences science process skills. The analysis also revealed that animated video-based interactive media has an 80% impact on science process skills, demonstrating that this type of media effectively enhances science process skills in fourth-grade elementary school students.

“I wonder, what if, let’s try”: Sesame Street’s playful learning curriculum impacts children’s problem solving

ABSTRACT To investigate whether educational television can enhance problem-solving process skills among preschool children, 116 three- to five-year-olds watched 12 episodes of Sesame Street – either engineering-based “playful problem solving” episodes, or episodes about social-emotional learning. Assessments were conducted on three levels: comprehension and delayed recall of educational content, parental observations of learning, and transfer of learning. Results indicated that 48–65% of children recalled problem-solving content after a 1–2 week delay, and 98% of parents reported examples of children’s real-life learning. Repeat viewing of playful problem solving episodes significantly predicted pretest-posttest gains in hands-on transfer tasks, with increases in both the variety of problem-solving heuristics used and the efficiency of children’s process. There were no significant effects on children’s solutions, suggesting children modeled process skills and did not simply learn right answers. Thus, data support Sesame Street’s educational impact on process skills, and demonstrate benefits of playful learning that can be obtained by viewing televised models.

The Influence of Music Training on Language Processing Skills in Adolescents in South Korea

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of music training on language processing skills in adolescents in South Korea. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on the influence of music training on language processing skills in adolescents in South Korea revealed significant positive correlations between music education and language processing abilities. Adolescents who received music training demonstrated enhanced linguistic skills, including vocabulary acquisition and syntactic comprehension, compared to their peers without musical instruction. The findings suggest that musical training may contribute to cognitive advantages in language development during adolescence. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Neurocognitive theory of music, transfer of learning theory &amp; socio-cultural theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of music training on language processing skills in adolescents in South Korea. Advocate for the integration of structured music education programs in South Korean schools, emphasizing its potential benefits for language development. Advocate for policies that support the inclusion of music education as a core component of the curriculum, highlighting its role in fostering holistic cognitive development and academic achievement.

Chinese expert consensus on radiofrequency therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease 2024

ObjectiveRadiofrequency (RF) therapy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). During the procedure, electrodes are meticulously inserted into the lower esophageal sphincter and cardiac muscle through a gastroscope. By applying heat at various layers and sites around the gastroesophageal junction, the treatment intends to augment the junction's pressure and reduce tissue compliance. This process may also desensitize the esophagus, thereby preventing reflux and relieving symptoms. RF therapy boasts a high success rate and a low risk of adverse effects, making it an increasingly popular choice. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding its indications, contraindications, and the evaluation processes for pre- and postoperative care. To enhance the precision of patient selection and the technical execution of RF therapy, it is imperative to consolidate and standardize its clinical application in China. This will ensure the therapy's safety and efficacy are optimized. MethodsBetween December 2022 and April 2024, a group of 25 Chinese endoscopists, each with experience in over 50 radiotherapy procedures, engaged in six rounds of consensus discussions. The discussions focused on several key aspects of the procedure. During these discussions, each item was put to a vote among the experts. A consensus was reached when an item received agreement from at least 80 ​% of the participants. ResultsThe expert group, comprising 25 specialists from 22 different institutions, had an average experience of over 50 RF procedures. These experts engaged in comprehensive discussions on a total of eight critical items, covering the full spectrum of the procedure, including indications, contraindications, basic working conditions and preparation, preoperative preparation, surgical process and technical skills, postoperative management, therapeutic effects, complications and prevention. The group successfully reached a consensus on all these items, ensuring a standardized approach to RF procedures. ConclusionThis consensus summarized and standardized the clinical application of anti-reflux RF therapy in China. Adoption of this consensus will improve the precision of patient selection and technical implementation, thereby enhancing the safety and effectiveness of anti-reflux radiofrequency therapy.

Pengaruh Kemahiran Literasi Media dalam Konteks Pengundi Muda Baharu di Malaysia

The Influence of Political Information Processing Skills among New Young Voters in Malaysia ABSTRACT: The eligible voters age limit from 21 years to 18 years and triggered the issue of political participation readiness among new young voters in Malaysia. This study claims that media literacy skills from political information process dimension influence the political participation readiness. This study aims to evaluate the influence of media literacy skills from political information process dimension towards political participation readiness. There are seven political information process skills that are verified such as analysis, evaluation, grouping, induction, deduction, synthesis and abstract. By using survey and simple random sampling towards 547 respondents aged 18 to 26 years, this study, strategize data collection to represent the population of new young voters in Malaysia. The map of Malaysia is divided into North, South, East, West and Borneo Zones covering urban and rural areas. This study reported that the skills of induction, deduction and synthesis have positive influence towards political participation readiness among new young voters in Malaysia. However, the skills of analysis, evaluation, grouping and abstracting do not have any significant influence. This study suggests a strategic collaboration between the Ministry of Youth and Sports with the Malaysian Election Commission, the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Digital in the National Service Training Program (PLKN). This initiative is expected increase the level of political participation readiness among new young voters in Malaysia. Keywords: Media literacy, new young voters, political information processing skills, political participation, voting.

Kesalahan mahasiswa non-matematika dalam melakukan uji normalitas

Normality testing is an essential part of statistical analysis to determine whether observed data are normally distributed or not. This study aims to document and analyze various types of errors frequently made by non-mathematics students when conducting normality tests. Furthermore, this descriptive qualitative research involved 32 second-year non-mathematics students as participants, who were given tasks requiring them to perform normality tests on datasets. The research findings indicate that the most common type of error made by non-mathematics students in conducting normality tests is encoding error, accounting for 40.7% of errors. This occurs when students mistakenly compare decimal values between Lcalc and Ltable. Consequently, the conclusions drawn from these normality tests may be inaccurate. Additionally, other types of errors identified include reading error, comprehension error, transformation error, and process skills error.

Participatory Learning with Critical Problem-Solving Approaches in Teaching Simple Machines: Its Effectiveness on Students' Science Process Skills

This study investigates the effectiveness of participatory learning combined with a critical problem-solving approach on junior high school students' science process skills in the context of simple machines. Conducted with 61 students from Central Lombok, the research involved an experimental group (31 students) and a control group (30 students). The experimental group received participatory learning treatment with a critical problem-solving approach, while the control group was taught using traditional expository methods. The intervention included three sessions focusing on pulleys, inclined planes, and levers, each lasting 90 minutes. Students' science process skills were assessed across five aspects: preparing practical tools, assembling practical tools, reading measurements, collaborating with peers, and conveying information. The results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in all aspects of science process skills, with higher mean scores and lower variability. The findings indicate that participatory learning with a critical problem-solving approach is more effective than traditional methods in enhancing students' science process skills. This study's outcomes suggest that integrating interactive and student-centered approaches in science education can foster critical thinking, collaboration, and practical application of scientific concepts. The research contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating the benefits of combining participatory learning and critical problem-solving in teaching complex topics like simple machines. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these approaches and their applicability across various educational contexts and subjects.

Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Jelajah Alam Sekitas (JAS) untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Mahasiswa pada Matakuliah Morfologi Tumbuhan

The aim of the research is to increase the motivation and science process skills of second semester biology students in the Plant Morphology course using the Environmental Exploration (JAS) method. The background to this research is the lack of direct use of learning resources from nature by students, learning resources usually come from books, direct materials and learning media provided by course lecturers. The subjects in this research were biology students at the Mandalika Education University (UNDIKMA) second semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The type of research used is PTK using questionnaire instruments and observation sheets. The results of research on the implementation of the use of environmental exploration methods can increase students' learning motivation in cycle II, showing the highest score, namely 168 and the lowest score, namely 129, with an average score of 148.34 from a total sample of 25 students. This indicates an increase in students' learning motivation and can improve students' science process skills in plant morphology courses in the 2023/2024 academic year.

Analysis of Physics Practicum E-Modules Based on Problem Based Learning Models with Smart Apps Creator on Students' Science Process Skills

Analysis of Physics Practicum E-Modules Based on Problem Based Learning Models with Smart Apps Creator on Students' Science Process Skills