Scientific Research Process Research Articles

Primary teachers’ experiences of teaching pupils with selective mutism: a grounded theory study

ABSTRACT Selective mutism (SM) is typically identified in early childhood and is characterised by a lack of speech in specific social situations, usually at school. This study interviewed 11 teachers and used qualitative methods to develop an explanatory framework to represent the lived experience of teaching pupils with SM. Interviews were analysed using grounded theory methods. The final theoretical framework captured nine categories. This included five key processes: categorisation of teacher beliefs; the development and change in beliefs through a process of scientific enquiry; teacher efforts to support pupils; measuring and monitoring pupil progress; management of teacher emotional responses, and four contextual factors; pupil characteristics, peer relationships, teacher self- identity and staff relationships. The findings highlighted a link between teacher categorisation of SM and pupil support. Implications of the framework for guiding research and educator practice to support pupils with SM are discussed.

Evaluation of Regional Financial Management Training Programs in Human Resources Development Agency North Maluku

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Regional Financial Management training program at the Human Resources Development Agency of North Maluku Province. This study is a program evaluation study that uses model four level Kirkpatrick’s which includes the level of reaction, learning, behavior and results. In this study discussed the level of reaction at four levels. The reaction level is discussed about the training participants' reactions to the curriculum, education staff and training facilities. The curriculum components are discussed about training schedules, training materials, learning methods and media. In the education and training component, the reaction of the resource person and the training committee was discussed. The components of the education and training facilities are discussed about classrooms, dormitories, supporting facilities for training and consumption of education and training. The study used a mixed research approach (mixed methods), namely research that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to answer research problems. Qualitative research is a process of scientific research to understand human problems in a social context by creating a comprehensive and complex picture presented, reporting detailed views of sources of information and carried out in natural settings without any intervention from the researcher. This study produces recommendations for reaction levels that can be used as references to improve the quality of the Regional Financial Management Training Program at the Human Resources Development Agency of North Maluku Province.

Developing an ACURE to Investigate the Effects of Manganese on Physiological Processes

To engage freshman college students in research and STEM, we will utilize an authentic course-based undergraduate research experience (ACURE) approach through a focused research project. Introducing students to novel research projects within a course setting provides a structured way to expose participants to the process of scientific research. Involvement in the design and implementation of an experiential paradigm promotes creativity among students and encourages them to become more engaged. Through the process of gathering and analyzing data, students will gain a realistic perspective of scientific research. For this class project, we chose to focus on studying the effects of manganese on behavior, neural function and cardiovascular physiology of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and crayfish models. Emerging research has repeatedly demonstrated that overexposure to manganese in humans can lead to acute cardiovascular disorders and a series of symptoms manifesting in a manner similar to that of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have designed the class in order to gain a multifaceted understanding of these effects. To do so, the students will first examine larval crawling rate, mouth hook movement rate, and touch sensitivity of control larvae and larvae exposed to a maximum non-lethal dose of manganese in order to analyze the effect that manganese has on the behavior of D. melanogaster. Then, students will use optogenetics to activate and inactivate dopaminergic neurons in order to compare behavioral responses of the control group to the group exposed to manganese. In doing so, they will be able to gain understanding of another method of scientific investigation and further build upon the variety of data found throughout the study. Manganese also has the potential to block voltage-gated calcium channels of the heart, so the students will additionally study the effect of manganese exposure on D. melanogaster heart rate and rhythmicity in order to demonstrate the effect that manganese can have on other areas of the body. Finally, students will study the synaptic transmission at glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions by observing and recording data from the muscle fibers of both larval D. melanogaster and crayfish. Like the heart, these neuromuscular junctions contain voltage-gated calcium channels, so the students will be able to further explore the various effects of manganese exposure. The utilization of crayfish in this study will allow the students to gain a new perspective of the effect of manganese because of the ability to record crayfish action potentials intracellularly, something that is not possible to study in D. melanogaster. Overall, we believe that this student-driven research approach will promote student engagement and foster a deeper understanding of the scientific process while also widening the breadth of knowledge in the research field.

Why Sociocultural Context Matters in the Science of Reading and the Reading of Science: Revisiting the Science Discovery Narrative

ABSTRACTOur purpose in this study was to more deeply understand the ways in which text‐based, sociohistorically situated narratives can be optimally used for promoting reading comprehension. In particular, we sought to understand the experiences and perspectives of young readers from diverse backgrounds (N = 24) as they engaged with science discovery narratives (i.e., stories by or about scientists engaged in the process of discovery), which have been shown to have advantages over traditional expository texts (i.e., those that present information without attending to the discovery process) in fostering comprehension of targeted conceptual information. Interviews were conducted and analyzed using a sociocognitive framework that positioned participants as reviewers of text quality. Findings suggest that the personal and sociohistorical elements of science discovery narratives were effective in engaging readers’ interest and helped highlight the culturally situated nature of knowledge and the nature and processes of scientific inquiry. We conclude by arguing that in the development and instructional use of texts, educators would do well to consider the ways in which foregrounding sociohistorical considerations can foster engagement and, hence, greater comprehension in readers from diverse backgrounds.

Remote Online Project: Traveling in a Virtual World, Researching Microbes.

The undergraduate general microbiology course-based research projects were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020. Therefore, we developed a remote online research project that combines aspects of microbiology lectures and laboratory techniques. The project allows students to virtually travel to environmental sites to research different microorganisms. This virtual project successfully replaced the in-person laboratory experience for the duration of the semester. We revised the project with assistance from undergraduate students enrolled in the spring course. Our revised virtual project helps students develop their scientific writing and presentation skills while applying microbiology course and laboratory knowledge. The project is designed to create a more equal and equitable assessment process by including detailed guidelines and rubrics. Projects are easy to implement and can be completed within 5 to 6 weeks. The project will promote students’ understanding of the process of scientific research and enrich academic development.

Sociability in Virtual Reality

This study investigates sociability in the context of immersive Virtual Reality (VR). A Design Science Research process was applied, and three iterative development versions of a VR application were studied. Sociability around the technology was investigated with two theoretical perspectives: social presence and social interactions. The results of qualitative interviews and observations as well as a quantitative experiment are combined to make a proposal for four design principles enhancing the beneficial sociability of VR systems. These principles address the importance of ease-of-use and personalization in the activation of a customer, customer empowerment and emancipation through familiarization, creating real-world connections and surprising content, as well as adding informative elements and streamlining the customer encounter and service process. The proposed design principles are empirically linked through social behaviors and emotions to cognitive outcomes representing beneficial sociability, e.g., improved customer motivation, willingness-to-share, value communications, co-creation, and co-innovation.

A comprehensive framework for operating science‐based fisheries management: A checklist for using the best available science

AbstractDeveloping fisheries policies based on the best available science (BAS) has been generally required in international agreements and national legal documents in many countries. However, it is difficult to comply with BAS when lacking a uniformly agreed‐upon operational framework. In this study, we conducted an exhaustive literature review and developed a framework that includes a comprehensive set of criteria and a basic operational structure for science‐based fisheries management (SBFM) to better integrate BAS in fisheries policies. We proposed that SBFM consists of four components: objective‐setting, data input (implementation and enforcement process), data production (scientific research process), and data use (management strategy development). The capacity of a fisheries system to produce and use BAS is mainly reflected in the following areas: (a) efficient informational feedback among these components; (b) collecting a good range of quality‐assured data that meet the needs of scientific research and fishery policy formulation; (c) analyzing the collected data; and (d) selecting and using the best data from different sources. The framework developed provides a set of new patterns for the use of fisheries science, which is applied for management purposes. It can inform the creation, evaluation, and improvement of management systems rooted in SBFM and strengthen SBFM‐related research, communication, and cooperation.

Calidad educativa desde la inclusión y su realidad en Ecuador

La inclusión, considerada como un principio de la educación en Ecuador, forma parte esencial del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje. El presente trabajo investigativo busca mostrar la realidad que se vive en nuestro país con respecto a este tema, hacer cambios en el desarrollo de herramientas estratégicas que promuevan la educación integral de todos los niños mediante un modelo inclusivo. A partir de los derechos humanos se ha propugnado la inclusión en el sector educativo de una manera justa y equitativa promoviendo el principio de igualdad de oportunidades, adaptando una pedagogía trascendental a sus propias necesidades. El currículo debe ser flexible y modificable y debe potenciar el desarrollo de habilidades, destrezas y criterios de cada estudiante. ¿Cómo afecta la calidad educativa en la inclusión desde la realidad ecuatoriana?, ¿Qué propone la normativa respecto a la educación inclusiva? Son preguntas claves que se responderán en el presente artículo; por lo que se llevó a cabo un proceso investigativo científico de tipo descriptivo y enfoque mixto: cualitativo desde la recolección de la información y cuantitativo para formular el análisis de dichos datos que arrojan las estadísticas, necesario, sin duda, para fortalecer los aportes de los actores inmersos en este proceso, que evidenciarán la aplicación de la normativa, pedagogía y calidad de una educación inclusiva para todos. Teniendo en cuenta esto, se sugiere que los docentes manejen herramientas y estrategias necesarias para abordar las diferentes NEE. Se deben cambiar pensamientos y actitudes para lograr un cambio radical.

Incorporation of classical scientific research stories into traditional lecture classes to promote the active learning of students.

Biochemistry is an important curriculum for all medical students but has long been considered obscure and of very little or indirect relevance to medical or clinical practice, which markedly diminishes the enthusiasm and motivation of medical students in learning. Biochemistry teachers always face a tremendous challenge to deliver an attractive and high-quality lecture class. Inspired by convincing studies that show numerous benefits of undergraduate research, we tried to modify our teaching method in the past 5 years by incorporating classical scientific research stories into our traditional lecture class, such as the discovery of the semi-conservative DNA replication, telomeric DNA and telomerase, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and so on. Through this story-based teaching, we not only helped them deeply understand the textbook content, but also introduced the process of real scientific research to the students in an interesting way. Our efforts aim to combine the delivery of knowledge with the inspiration of students' active learning. We found that most students involved in our classes responded positively. As described in the survey, they were strongly attracted by those research stories; rather than feeling bored about the Biochemistry textbook, they experienced curiosity which fostered their active learning. They also learned to appreciate the beauty of science. More importantly, their impression on how the authentic science research was done was instructive for their critical thinking.

Incidencia de la Comunicación Interna y la Gestión por Procesos en el Servicio al Cliente

El estudio se basa en los resultados del análisis acerca del servicio al cliente, la gestión por procesos y la comunicación interna; igualmente, en los conocimientos y resultados obtenidos que contribuyen a mejorar la información, formas de transmitirlos y los niveles organizacionales: inferior y jerárquico en la gestión de procesos; y, asimismo, en el conocimiento de la aplicación del proceso de investigación científica en tal problemática. El objetivo general es determinar cómo influye la comunicación interna y la gestión por procesos en el servicio al cliente en la empresa Nick Manager Solutions SAC, distrito de San Miguel, 2020. La muestra fue de 90 personas (45 clientes y 45 trabajadores). Los principales resultados fueron que los valores Ji cuadrado 25,160 y p=0,000 < α, los cuales indican que la variable servicio al cliente depende de las variables comunicación interna y gestión de procesos, es decir, las variables no son autónomas, por lo que existe sumisión de una variables en las otras. Se concluye que existe influencia positiva entre la comunicación interna y la gestión por procesos en el servicio al cliente, pues el valor de R2, es de 0,788, es decir el modelo explica en un 78,8% a la variable real.

Methods to Visualize Historical Research Data: Courts of the Russian Empire after the Judicial Reform of 1864

The article studies the issues of information visualization to demonstrate the results of historical research. It shows how MS Excel and Tableau Public Desktop Edition software can be used to visualize data and generate ideas on the basis of big data sets as well as facilitate the process of scientific research. This software can be used to show data in the form of tables, graphs, and charts helping to present information on the Russian Empire’s court activity. This is the so-called presentation method of visualization which is introductory in its nature and focuses on the audience for which the report is performed. The research is based on statistics of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire and archival data for the period from the second half of the 19th century to the first quarter of the 20th century. It is concluded that today’s level of computing equipment allows researchers to have modern software tools at hand that provide for demonstrating results of their research at conferences, lectures, in dissertations, etc. The article can be used at scientific-methodical seminars of the departments, at professional development courses for teachers as well as to teach undergraduates and graduate students to present the research results.

Knowledge management of research data: an initial analysis of Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry

It can be said that scientific community produces research data, as well as uses research data to validate its work. Thus, research data cease to be research products to become informational resources. In this context, digital data repositories play an extremely important role in the scientific research process, since they can be used to share, access, reuse and validate data. In this sense, the informational recognition of research data, in recent years, transformed the view that characterized them as simple by-products of research processes, to the point that researchers, academic institutions and research development agencies begin to understand that these data contribute as a source of informational resources for scientific research and science teaching. Based on this, the objective of this work is to make a preliminary survey of the type of research data generated at the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD). For this, an analysis was made of the papers published by the permanent professors of the Post-graduation Program in Radiation Protection and Dosimetry in the last year (2019). It was then generated a table relating the Concentration Areas versus some technical information, regarding the generation of research data. In this sense, the analysis of the data of the IRD consists of a initial stage to assist the creation of the Institute's Digital data repository, which aims to provide the research data in order to be used in other researches.

Los grupos de investigación consolidados en la praxeología de la Comunicación

The praxeological approach serves to discover the dialectical relationships between the objective structures that condition human action (praxis) of, in this case, the scientific research processes, and the structured dispositions that are updated in academic debates. The MapCom Project drew up a cartographic repository of consolidated research groups in Spanish universities with undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Communication, as well as a census of researchers active in the Spanish university with degrees in Communication, surveyed them, and organized debate sessions in Madrid, Barcelona and Malaga in 2016 on communication research, which were the first university meetings held in this regard in Spain, applying the Phillips 66 technique. The main results detect the limitations faced by the praxeology of research in communication because there is a reciprocal exclusion between "Fostering the strength of research groups" and the "ANECA effect", said exclusion comes from confronting the policy of cooperation between groups with the policy of individualistic competitiveness and choosing between collective convergence in the production of knowledge or the individual fight for getting re-knowledge.

Revisiting the need to combine educational and scientific-research processes in teaching CFD modelling to students

Using the example of many years of experience in cooperation between Institute No. 8 “Information Technologies and Applied Mathematics” of the Moscow Aviation Institute and Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of RAS points out the need for cooperation between the university and specialists of academic institutions in the preparation of highly qualified specialists in the field of CFD, stages of training, examples of qualification work and the use of software CFD products for training are presented. The difficulties of teaching CFD modeling are discussed, achievements and examples of solving the problems of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer by students of the Moscow Aviation Institute are given.

Designing for the future in the age of pandemics: a future-ready design research (FRDR) process

ABSTRACT The recent pandemic has painfully reminded us of the need for IS design to be informed by possible futures and conscious of undesirable futures – Within months, many of the nice-to-have IS functionalities have become must-haves; Technology solutions in response to the pandemic have raised privacy and equality concerns. Although design science research fundamentally focuses on shaping artefacts and events to create a more desirable future, there has been limited guidance on how futures should be accounted for. This article addresses the gap by integrating insights from future-oriented IS research and futures research to develop guidelines for engaging with futures throughout the design science research process. The future-ready design research (FRDR) process prompts researchers to be more aware of futures, to foster the innovative foresight for actively pursuing the preferred future, and to espouse the responsible foresight for consciously avoiding undesirable futures. The guidelines are illustrated with a design science research project on outbreak analytics and the instantiated system’s subsequent adaptation and utilisation in COVID-19.

Analogija naučnih i stručnih istraživanja i njeno korišćenje

In today's turbulent world faced with growing number of threats and challenges on an ever larger scale, it is becoming evident that a way out should be sought in the development and application of science and profession, because only their results can stabilise the world. However, in the current processes of scientific and professional research, various barriers are encountered, primarily related to insufficient methodological elaboration of connections and relations between scientific and professional research, the end results of which reduce the quality and efficiency of these two most important agents of development. For these reasons, the study of the relationship between the processes of scientific and professional research, in which a mutual analogy has already been noticed but not further developed, has been chosen as the subject of the present scientific paper. To be more specific, in a small number of scientific papers published recently, the mentioned analogy has been observed without its deeper study and exactly there important possibilities for raising efficiency of both science and profession are hidden. Therefore, the subject of this paper is the study that led to a more complete identification of the mentioned analogy, with the implicit projection of its application in scientific and professional research.

Izvori saznanja u procesu naučnog istraživanja bezbednosnih pojava

Sources of scientific knowledge and the process of scientific research are necessary for defining security phenomena. The levels and types of scientific knowledge and scientific sources are numerous. The aim of this paper is to define, describe and classify the levels (quality and quantity) of scientific knowledge and sources of that knowledge. In this regard, the paper discusses the evaluation of knowledge and sources of knowledge, points to various personal and material sources of knowledge, and various public and confidential - written and audio-visual scientific sources and objects. The conclusion of the author is that the evaluation of the source of scientific knowledge, as well as the scientific facts themselves, is important for the outcome of the research process and the achievement of true and objective scientific knowledge about security phenomena.

Scientific reasoning and counterfactual reasoning in development.

In this chapter, we bridge research on scientific and counterfactual reasoning. We review findings that children struggle with many aspects of scientific experimentation in the absence of formal instruction, but show sophistication in the ability to reason about counterfactual possibilities. We connect these two sets of findings by reviewing relevant theories on the relation between causal, scientific, and counterfactual reasoning before describing a growing body of work that indicates that prompting children to consider counterfactual alternatives can scaffold both the scientific inquiry process (hypothesis-testing and evidence evaluation) and science concept learning. This work suggests that counterfactual thought experiments are a promising pedagogical tool. We end by discussing several open questions for future research.

Leadership in the Research: Determinants of Quality, Standards and Best Practices

One of the obligatory elements of any scientific research is a methodical toolkit, the diversity of which determines the reliability of the obtained results and ability to solve the tasks set in the work. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors defining the scientific research process and affect the quality of the results. The methodological tools of the study include questionnaires and factor analysis (Bartlett’s test for sphericity, KMO test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy measure), and MSA test (sampling adequacy measure)). The object of research is 401 scientists and 196 practitioners in the field of management and quality sciences. The questionnaire for practitioners consisted of four parts. The first part includes general issues about the research process, methods and techniques used in it; the second deals with the importance of using methods and techniques in the scientific research in the field of management and quality sciences; the third – provides questions on improving the quality of research; the fourth is demographic. The questionnaire for scientists consists of three parts. The first part addresses the importance of approaches, processes, methods and techniques in research in the field of management and quality sciences; the second – includes questions on improving the research process; the third is demographic. The results are summarized on a five-point Likert scale. Based on the generalization of practitioners’ answers, the main factor of scientific research is the “concept of the research methodology model”, defined as a measure of the scientific research process effectiveness. The results of the analysis help conclude the need to develop new research methods that can increase its effectiveness by managing, planning, organizing and verifying the research process in the field of management and quality sciences. The factors determining the research process and affecting its quality include constant changes in the market. It necessitates the use of various research methods that can form a holistic basis for empirical analysis. The research process quality means checking the degree of implementation and consistency of the objectives in the article with the research problem and the conclusions in it. For the effective functioning of the research process, it is proposed to develop an “algorithm of behavior” of the researcher, which will (after determining the appropriate gap between research methods and features of the research problem) ensure their coordination and increase the added value of the results.

The formation of research skills in students as an important indicator of higher education

The higher education is an important nod of the system of continuous education which is responsible for the supply of high-skilled personnel in society. One of its main objectives is the formation and the development of research skills in future specialists. The article focuses on the importance of the scientific research in higher education, its development directions and problems and shortcomings in this sphere. Furthermore, it focuses on the impact of the organization of study process on the scientific research process. It analyzes the research results conducted in the thematic framework. It also presents recommendations directed at the elimination of the detected problems.