Residential Mobility Process Research Articles

Socio-spatial differentiation in a Latin American metropolis: urban structure, residential mobility, and real estate in the high-income cone of Santiago de Chile

ABSTRACT The High-Income Cone (HIC) is characteristic of the urban structure of Latin-American metropolises, consisting of a delimited area of the city where inhabitants of high socioeconomic status are located, consolidating the patterns of social segregation and inequality that are typical of those societies. Despite the urban transformations experienced by the metropolises of the continent in the last decades, little study has been done to understand the internal dynamics of HICs, which are usually considered a socially homogeneous space. This article delves into the internal complexities of the HIC of Greater Santiago, investigating its residential mobility processes and distinguishing between traditional and recent inhabitants, or ‘inheritors’ and ‘achievers’. Our results indicate the presence of parallel processes of residential mobility, where ‘achievers’ are concentrated in the apartments located in the pericentral zone of the HIC, while ‘inheritors’ move to the houses located in the extreme east. This process of permeability and filtering is conditioned by the recent trends of neoliberal urban densification and expansion, where the construction of more accessible buildings allows the arrival of certain people to the pericentral areas of the HIC, while the more exclusive houses and gated-communities far east are more accessible for inheritors.

Urban Projects and Residential Segregation: A Case Study of the Cabanyal Neighborhood in Valencia (Spain)

In this paper, we study the consequences of neoliberal urban policy, in terms of the segregation and social changes experienced in the Cabanyal neighborhood located in Valencia, Spain. In doing so, we analyze the process of residential mobility that has affected the neighborhood during the last decade, resulting in a segregation of space. This neighborhood had been affected, since 1988, by an urban project that was to bring about its partial destruction. Despite having been stopped, the project has caused a dynamic of physical and social degradation of the neighborhood against which the local government has only very recently started to intervene. Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics provided by the Statistical Office of the City of Valencia, we analyze the demographic profile of the mobility inside the Cabanyal neighborhood and also the origin of the arrivals and the destination of the departures from 2004–2016. The aim is to identify the territorial pattern of the socio-demographic changes that have affected the neighborhood. The results indicate that during the period under analysis, in which the area was affected by the urban project, a progressive loss in the Spanish population was occurring, as well as a substitution of non-EU immigrants, who were predominant at the beginning of the period, with EU immigrants. This process has produced a high level of residential segregation, since immigrants from the European Union are viewed more negatively than immigrants from outside of the European Union, which, along with their lower level of education and employment in low-skilled and poorly paid jobs, makes their social integration and interaction more difficult.

Microsimulation of life-stage transitions and residential location transitions within a life-oriented integrated urban modeling system

This paper presents microsimulation of life-stage transitions and residential location transition processes within a life-oriented agent-based integrated Transport Land Use and Energy (iTLE) modeling system. The iTLE assumes that individuals and households are the agents, and parcels are the objects. It is conceptualized following the life-course perspectives and theories to address the evolution of multi-domain decision interactions over the life-course of the agents. Residential location is simulated as a two-stage process of residential mobility, and location choice. Life-stage simulation includes aging, death, birth, out-migration, in-migration, and household formation. The iTLE is implemented at a yearly time-step from 2006 to 2021 for Halifax, Canada. A 100% synthetic population is generated for the base year 2006, which shows a SRMSE value of 0.37 and APE measures of less than 5% for 89% of the DAs. The simulation results are validated with the 2011 Census information. The validation results suggest that the iTLE generates reasonably satisfactory population estimates. For example, around 52% of the DAs show an APE value of less than 30%, and 37% of the DAs show a difference in the number of households of less than ±50. The predicted results regarding the spatio-temporal evolution of Halifax suggests an increase of around 14% population in 2021 compared to 2007. Younger population residing closer to the CBD are predicted to be more frequent movers than older population residing farther away from the CBD. Higher proportions of the households are predicted in the locations within 25 km from the CBD over the years. Proportion of households in these high density neighborhoods are predicted to increase from 68% in 2007 to 71% in 2021. In 2021, a higher density of single person households are predicted in the urban core. Density is predicted to be more variable and skewed towards suburban neighborhoods as household composition changes through marriage and child birth.

The residential mobility process in Belfast: A consideration of public sector tenancy allocations.

To explain patterns of public sector tenancy allocations in Belfast, an account is given of the Housing Selection Scheme adopted by the single housing authority in the province, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive. Implicit in the scheme is the concept of housing power, i.e. the differential ability of households to compete for the tenancies available. Using a sample of allocations in the Belfast Urban Area between 1977 and 1978, the spatial implications of the Housing Selection Scheme are examined, and an attempt is made to draw together the main findings with evidence from other residential mobility research in Belfast, notably on the role of ethnicity in the housing relocation process.

Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and Environmental Inequality.

This study combines micro-level data on families with children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with neighborhood-level industrial hazard data from the Environmental Protection Agency and neighborhood-level U.S. census data to examine both the association between family structure and residential proximity to neighborhood pollution and the micro-level, residential mobility processes that contribute to differential pollution proximity across family types. Results indicate the existence of significant family structure differences in household proximity to industrial pollution in U.S. metropolitan areas between 1990 and 1999, with single-mother and single-father families experiencing neighborhood pollution levels that are on average 46% and 26% greater, respectively, than those experienced by two-parent families. Moreover, the pollution gap between single-mother and two-parent families persists with controls for household and neighborhood socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and race/ethnic characteristics. Examination of underlying migration patterns reveals that single-mother, single-father, and two-parent families are equally likely to move in response to pollution. However, mobile single-parent families move into neighborhoods with significantly higher pollution levels than do mobile two-parent families. Thus, family structure differences in pollution proximity are maintained more by these destination neighborhood differences than by family structure variations in the likelihood of moving out of polluted neighborhoods.

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

Selective mobility, segregation and neighbourhood effects

New trajectories of post-socialist residential mobility in Bucharest

Over the post-socialist period, residential mobility processes were very intense and took place on large areas. Flow intensity led to the emergence of new spatial and functional realities and created new relationships within the affected areas. During all this period, Bucharest's metropolitan area was shaped by the spatial mobility of the city dwellers, as well as by the change of their social and residential aspirations. The majority of those who were registered as movers in Bucharest were actually residents of Bucharest (they only changed their domicile) and the share of people coming to the city from elsewhere has increased constantly over the last decade. Except for the early 1990s, a period when residential legal status was pending clarification, migrations from peri-urban area, especially from Ilfov County, to Bucharest had a low intensity. Situation is quite different in terms of moving out of Bucharest, to the communes and towns of Ilfov County, located in close proximity, which have been continuously increasing values. The correlation between housing stock features (real estate supply) and the demand of new dwellings (emphasized by the residential trajectories) prove both that current mobility flows taking place at this time in Bucharest are segmented based on economic-spatial criteria and that Markov chains are functional.

Households within the residential mobility process: the case of the Barcelona metropolitan region

Within the residential mobility process, household structure is one of the main explanatory variables of location choice. In large metropolitan areas, such as the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR), there are presently clearly new divergent residence settlement trends. While family households move to new suburbs, single- person ones and couples with no children go to urban centers or remain in them. Therefore metropolitan municipalities tend to be demographically segregated. Residential mobility is also one of the most important factors in metropolitan municipality growth, and household structure directly affects housing demand characteristics. Results show strong residential dispersion and a household structure territorial specialization.

Residential mobility and the family context: A developmental approach

The goal of this study was to examine the links between residential mobility and the family context, whether these links varied across developmental periods (early childhood, middle childhood, or adolescence), and how they were associated with children's achievement and behavioral outcomes. Longitudinal data from a diverse sample of over 1000 U.S. children were used to explore family structure (marital and employment change), process (quality of the home and maternal sensitivity and depression), and residential mobility. Results of structural equation models indicated that associations between residential mobility and family structure and process varied across developmental periods, with significant links found for family process in early childhood and structure in middle childhood and adolescence. We found evidence of indirect associations between residential mobility and children's outcomes through family process in early childhood and of a direct association with internalizing behaviors in adolescence. We provide implications for programs and policies for residentially mobile children.

Implication of Intangible Location Attributes on Residential Segregation in Jos, Nigeria

Residential segregation could be regarded as a process whereby two or more distinct communities who formerly lived together separate from one another due to many factors. Residential segregation is not only applicable to small communities but rather to a larger region. As a result of the ongoing civil unrest that engulfed the city of Jos, there has been a process of residential mobility and relocation among people of different faith. The paper is aimed at examining the implication of intangible location attributes on residential mobility, segregation and relocation in Jos town. Stratified random sampling technique was employed in order to come up with the sample needed to conduct the research. The data needed for the research were retrieved through structured, semi-structured and unstructured interview method of data collection. A qualitative method and approach of data analysis through the use of a thematic network analysis was incorporated in order to analyse the data gotten from the interview survey. The results uncovered that residential segregation in the study area leads to change in the residential pattern of Jos town. The variations and trends in the sales and rental value of residential properties were greatly affected as a result of the persisting residential segregation. The research concludes that residential segregation has a great implication on land and landed property value as variations in the values of residential properties is noticeable. There is a need for those in authority to take a decisive action in order to overcome and halt the persisting mobility and relocation in the study area.

Why & How Families Move: Residential Mobility and Housing Consumption Behaviors, Restructured

Over the course of the past 60 years, research in the area of residential mobility and housing consumption behaviors has become a well-established field of social and regional sciences in term of its particular causes and outcomes. However, much of the findings in this area are dispersed across different studies from a variety of disciplines and approaches. This paper restructures the current state of knowledge on residential mobility and housing consumption behaviors in a holistic scan of the literature delivering a comprehensive picture of participating factors. Such a restructured overview creates the opportunity to look at interactions between influential variables in residential mobility process and possible outcomes that can amplify, moderate, or neutralize effects of other factors in the mobility process. The discussion section of this paper provides a scenario to understand possible cumulative effects of mobility factors on a neighborhood setting, emphasizing the complexities involved in the residential mobility process and its repercussions on metropolitan areas.

Uncertainty, Expectations and Behavioural Aspects of Housing Market Choices

Housing is a complex commodity and housing market choices carry with them substantial economic and social consequences for the households making them. Housing market decisions are complex, uncertain and involve expectations-formation. This paper argues that the standard economic theory of decision-making under uncertainty – expected utility theory – is particularly ill-suited as the basis for understanding such complexity. The paper then explores alternative avenues for potential development, reviewing the key characteristics of owner-occupied housing markets and housing search, and examining how the resources of institutional and behavioural economics could be used to inform our understanding of the residential mobility process. The paper concludes by outlining an agenda for empirical research.

Política de vivienda y movilidad residencial en la Ciudad de México / Housing Policy and Residential Mobility in Mexico City

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un análisis del efecto diferenciado de la expansión del crédito hipotecario y de la creciente participación de las empresas inmobiliarias sobre la movilidad residencial en el espacio metropolitano de la Ciudad de México. Se pretende demostrar que la política de vivienda ha favorecido el predominio de los flujos de población intraperiféricos sobre los tradicionales patrones de movilidad del centro a la periferia, así como un proceso de movilidad residencial que ha dado lugar a núcleos fragmentados y dispersos en la medida en que se alejan de las áreas centrales de la ciudad. AbstractThis study examines the differential impact of the expansion of mortgage lending on residential mobility patterns in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The increasing involvement of business real estate housing supply through the construction of large housing estates primarily located in peripheral municipalities. This has favored the dominance of population flows between peripheral areas on the traditional patterns of mobility center-periphery, and a process of residential mobility, resulting in fragmented and scattered residential clusters as they move away from central areas of the city.

Residents’ Socio-economic Characteristics and the Residential Mobility Process in an Urban Space: The Example of the Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria

KEYWORDS Intra-urban. Socio-Economic. Preferences. Housing. Neighbourhoods. Logistic Regression ABSTRACT Residential mobility may be defined as the movement of residents from one house to another, or from one neighbourhood/part of a town/city to another. We reiterate, however, that the residential character of a city or neighbourhood is generally created and shaped through the locational behaviour and decisions of individuals and families. Consequently, our examination of how residents' socio-economic characteristics impact on the intra-urban residential mobility process in the Warri metropolis requires that we consider the defining criteria within the concept of residential areas. The bases used in identifying residential areas/neighbourhoods have been grouped into two major classes, namely: the environmental features/characteristics of residential neighbourhoods and the socio-economic structure of residential areas. This paper, however, concentrates on the second class of criteria. The data used in our analysis are derived from a survey into urban housi ng in the Warri Metropolis, Nigeria, in the summer of 2005. Seven hundred and sixty-two (762) respondents participated in the data gathering process. The socio-economic characteristics of respondents in all the study neighbourhoods are closely examined, after which the Logistic Regression technique was used to evaluate the relationship that exists between these variables and intra-urban residential mobility. The results of the regression analysis confirm a strong relationship between residents' socio-economic characteristics and intra-urban mobility in the Warri metropolis.

Motives for Residential Mobility in Later Life: Post-Move Perspectives of Elders and Family Members

This qualitative study delineates motives for residential mobility, describes dynamics between the elder and family members during the move decision process, and locates the move decision within ecological layers of the aging context. Interviews were conducted with 30 individuals and couples (ages 60-87) who experienced a community-based move within the past year, and with 14 extended family members. Reasons for moving (from perspectives of both elders who moved and their family members) were grouped into four themes and eleven issues that influenced the move decision. These themes parallel the ecological context of individual health and functioning, beliefs and attitudes, physical environment, and social pressures. Late-life mobility is a significant life transition that is the outcome of an ongoing appraisal and reappraisal of housing fit with individual functioning, needs, and aspirations. Family members are an integral part of these decision and residential mobility processes.

How much does income matter in neighborhood choice?

There is a substantial literature on the residential mobility process itself and a smaller contribution on how households make neighborhood choices, especially with respect to racial composition. We extend that litera- ture by evaluating the role of income and socioeconomic status in the neighborhood choice process for minorities. We use individual household data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study to investigate the comparative choices of white and Hispanic households in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. We show that income and education are important explanations for the likelihood of choosing neighborhoods. But at the same time, own race preferences clearly play a role. While whites with more income choose more white neighborhoods, Hispanics with more income choose less Hispanic neighborhoods. One interpretation is that both groups are translat- ing resources, such as income and education, into residence in whiter and ostensibly, higher status neighborhoods.

Intervening in the residential mobility process: Neighborhood outcomes for low-income populations

Neighborhoods have become the focus of questions about how they affect the families that live within them. A current working assumption of some federal policies is that, with help, households can escape poverty neighborhoods and change their spatial context. How true is this, especially for low-income households, and does changing neighborhoods have measurable benefits? The study uses data from the Moving to Opportunity program, initiated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, to test whether policy interventions by means of housing vouchers have aided moves away from low-poverty areas and into integrated residential settings. By examining the neighborhood demography of the initial and subsequent locations of the samples, it is possible to assess the success of the objectives of decreasing poverty and increasing integration. Although the program has shown some success in assisting households to live in lower-poverty neighborhoods, the findings here emphasize just how difficult it is to intervene in dynamic processes such as housing choice and mobility to create policy outcomes.

Towards the Polycentric Urban Region: Impacts on Centres and Milieus

Over the past four decades, many urban regions, including the Amsterdam region, have changed from compact monocentric urban entities to - albeit still fairly compact - polycentric urban regions. This has been illustrated frequently and in various ways, for example with daily interaction information. A question relevant to this transformation concerns the implications it poses to the different centres and milieus in the urban region, especially the “old” central city. Is the central city quickly losing position, or is it gaining a new, vital place in the urban region? Can the answer to that be deduced from the population dynamics in the urban region? Is insight into the residential mobility process helpful in understanding the changing residential structure and the functioning of the urban system? This paper addresses these questions, using data that make it possible to analyse urban dynamics.