Privatization Process Research Articles

Daewoo, Thomson, and Privatization in Late-Twentieth-Century France

The region of Lorraine in France witnessed the collapse of the steel industries in the late twentieth century, causing massive job losses and social devastation. Daewoo Electronics, a division of one of the great Korean conglomerates of the 1980s and 1990s, came to Lorraine in eastern France in 1987. It was lured there by generous French government subsidies and the chance to enter the European market. It opened three factories in consumer electronics and components, and also nearly acquired Thomson Multimédia, a state-owned consumer electronics factory, from the French government “for a single symbolic franc”. The resulting uproar, from political opponents and Thomson and Daewoo employees, ended the deal and soured its relationship with France. Daewoo employed just over a thousand people before it closed in 2003, a result of the collapse of the entire Daewoo Group. This article places this sequence of events, widely covered in the media, in the context of French anxiety about globalization, the loss of industrial substance, and France’s place in a changing world. It examines the process of privatization, and the ways in which it went so badly wrong in the Thomson case. This episode occurred at a critical juncture in the transformation of industrial capitalism into a service and digital economy.

Dissecting Commons as an Equalizer: Caste as a Case

ABSTRACT The debate on tragedy of commons in India attributes the decline of commons governance entwined with the system of caste and the promulgation of post-colonial land reforms as reasons for the privatization and decline of commons. The literature invigorates the caste system as a harbinger of the conservation of commons promoting the prudent use of natural resources. As against the argument that caste as a traditional method of governance ensured the conservation of resources and commons, we argue that the exclusionary practices of caste restricting the use and control of resources for a few while enabling exclusion from labouring castes were aimed not at conservation, rather functioned as an instrument of coercion and subjugation over the communities that are deprived of access. We also counterpose the perceptions of a non-privatized nature of commons in the pre-colonial mode of governance of commons by tracing the traits of the process of privatization with the pre-colonial institution of caste, further making a case for democratization of commons across castes.

STUDY ON THE AREAS ARRANGED FOR IRRIGATION, AS WELL AS THOSE ACTUALLY IRRIGATED, AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

This paper presents the evolution of the land arranged with irrigation works and of the irrigated agricultural areas, at national level, over a period of 26 years, namely, from 1997 to 2023. The area equipped with irrigation systems was 358,000 hectares in 1944, gradually increasing to 3.2 million hectares by 1989, which represented about 1/5 of the agricultural area and 1/3 of the arable land, with the systems being managed by the state. After 1989, many of the irrigation systems were left in disrepair, the privatization process and the economic transition leading to a dramatic decrease in irrigated areas, dropping to less than 300,000 hectares in the early 2000s. In 1997, the agricultural area equipped was 3,089,065 hectares, which decreased after 20 years to 3,045,177 hectares, resulting in a reduction of 43,888 hectares. However, in recent years, the agricultural area equipped with irrigation systems also recorded a decrease compared to 1997 by 28,473.20 hectares. On the other hand, it has registered an increase compared to 2017 by 15,414.80 ha. The arable land that was irrigated with at least one watering recorded an increase compared to 1997 of 189,609 ha after 10 years, of 83,213 ha after 20 years, and by 300,813.2 ha, compared to the average of the years 2019-2023.

Assessing Customer Satisfaction with Privatized Electricity Service Quality in Nigeria

The privatisation of electricity service delivery in Nigeria was more than ten years ago. The privatisation policy was in an attempt to ensure a stable electricity supply to the end users. The outcome of the power privation is being appraised by the paper via evaluation of the customer‟s satisfaction as one of the measuring factors of its performance. It is objectively an appraisal of the perception of the electricity service delivery and users as outcome of the privatisation of power supply. Relevant literature was sourced as secondary data and a conceptual framework that depicts indices of customer satisfaction was explored to substantiate the satisfactory level of the customer, the end user of electricity service delivery. An inventory of the outcome of electricity privatisation was also embarked on, sourcing information about the customers‟ satisfaction with the service quality of electricity service delivery privatisation from available relevant publications and social media. The paper in its empirical study looked at 397 sample size customers‟ satisfactory response to electricity service deliveryin Ekiti State as a case study. Considered their perception from the inception of the electricity privatisation policy in the past 10 years, from November 2013 to date in 2024. The paper, therefore, concluded in its submission, having garnered from the available information of the negative response of the customers perceptions. This is a reflection of the poor performance of power privatisationbefore and after the power privatization policy. The paper, given the foregoing, recommends the consideration of the dynamics in demography,spatial distribution and demand of power supply in the privatization process in Nigeria.

On the free acquisition of land ownership by legal entities

This article addresses issues related to the legal framework for the free acquisition of land ownership by legal entities. Considering the transformational processes in land ownership relations in Ukraine, attention is drawn to the need for an improved legal mechanism for transferring land to the ownership of legal entities, alongside the privatization procedures regulated for Ukrainian citizens. A historical analysis highlights deficiencies in the legal regulation of transferring land into the collective ownership of legal entities and notes the absence of specific regulations for transferring land plots to housing construction and garage­building cooperatives. The necessity for clear legal provisions on transferring land plots under multi-apartment buildings into private ownership, including associated buildings, structures, and adjacent territories, is substantiated. Special attention is given to the subject composition of ownership rights over land plots under multi-apartment buildings. Considering the membership composition of condominium associations, their purpose, decision-making procedures, judicial practice, and the prolonged absence of a procedure for transferring adjacent territories into the co-ownership of multi­apartment building co-owners, it is proposed to formally recognise condominium associations as holders of ownership rights in the privatisation process of land plots beneath multi-apartment buildings, along with their related buildings, structures, and adjoining territories. Based on the research findings, and taking into account Article 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine, it is recommended to amend Chapters 6 and 19 of the Land Code of Ukraine by incorporating procedures for the free transfer of land plots to housing construction (residential) and garage­building cooperatives, as well as multi-apartment buildings, defining the subject-object composition, preparation requirements for necessary design or technical documentation, potential timeframes for consideration, and criteria for decision-making by the authorised body.

Notary's Responsibility for Legalizing Private Deeds in Foreign Languages

The responsibility of notaries in the legalization of foreign-language private deeds is crucial in ensuring the validity and acceptance of documents in both domestic and international legal contexts. This study aims to analyze the role and responsibilities of notaries in the legalization process of private deeds written in a foreign language, as well as the challenges they face. The study explores how legalization affects the evidentiary value of the deed and the additional legal requirements that may be necessary for international recognition. Findings indicate that notarial responsibility includes thorough verification of translations and documents, as well as compliance with both domestic and international laws to ensure that documents are accepted in the destination country. The study concludes that best practices in legalization involve selecting qualified translators, meticulous documentation of the legalization process, and adherence to international legal requirements.

ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ПОКАЗНИКІВ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МАЛОГО І СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The article considers issues related to analyzing the activities of small and medium-sized businesses under martial law. It is established that under such conditions, small and medium-sized enterprises occupy a special place in ensuring the functioning of the domestic economy, acting as one of the primary forms of management and contributing to the processes of demonopolization and privatization. Such enterprises contribute to developing innovative activity, ensuring the market's saturation with goods and services, creating jobs, and forming competition in the market. They are one of the primary sources of income generation for the country. Predictive analytics for small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular, identifying trends in the number of such enterprises and the number of people employed in them, is essential in the strategic planning of their activities. It is established that trend extrapolation models are an effective tool for solving such problems. The article analyzes approaches to modeling the activities of small and medium-sized businesses. It showed various forecasting tools, particularly regression models, production functions, trend extrapolation models, etc. For practical application, the study used trend models that estimate the forecast values of indicators under the complex influence of all factors. The article contains an assessment of the development trends of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the calculation of forecast values for 2024 for the indicators of the number of enterprises and the number of employees at enterprises, according to which their values are expected to increase. The results obtained during the study and the conclusions formed can be used by state administration bodies, particularly the Khmelnytskyi region, as an analytical basis when reviewing the program of socio-economic development.

CROSSING THE LINE: Nationalist Gentrification and Settler Expansion in Israel's ‘Mixed Cities’

AbstractIn this article we point to the intersection between political settlement movements, religion and economic gentrification by identifying a new type of gentrifier who has settled in Israel's mixed cities: the nationalist gentrifier. Against the background of Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2005, experienced as a deep crisis in the Zionist‐religious settlement movement, new urban sites of spatial and sociopolitical action emerged. On the basis of interviews, residential participant observation and document analysis, we detail the geographical and sociological context in which nationalist gentrifiers operate in the mixed city of Jaffa and their perceptions and motivations for settlement. Drawing on recent gentrification literature, we show how these actors strategically activate the profiles of the ‘conqueror gentrifier’, the ‘colonizing gentrifier’ and the ‘competitor gentrifier’ vis‐à‐vis different local communities. The new nationalist gentrifiers are distinguished from both the secular liberal gentrifiers and the religious settler movement beyond the Green Line. This sociological hybrid configuration reflects processes of privatization and commodification of space as well as trends of nationalist radicalization prevalent in contemporary Jewish society in Israel. It should also prompt scholars to critically examine both the ethnonational and economic drivers of expansion projects in contested urban spaces.

Addressing contemporary challenges of Human Resource Development in Private and Cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region

HRD practices in private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region were investigated through 175 management and 1195 employee respondents of selected milk processing organizations from both the sector by adopting proportionate convenience sampling technique; which indicates that overall, fair & poor level of HRD practices found in private and cooperative milk processing organizations in Pune region; an enlightened organization would initiate immediate drastic HRD interventions to prevent the situation from deteriorating further by designing/re-designing effective HRD policy and developing good HRD practices. Management of both the sector milk processing organizations needs to design the existing HRD policy in line with standard practices so as to develop good HRD culture. Again, in between the two sectors, private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region, cooperative sector was noticed to be drag behind by most of the poor HRD practices and indicating the acute need for addressing the issues. It strongly indicates the need for addressing the challenges of HRD practices being followed by implementing all HRD practices as per standard way to get the best HRD practices result in both the sectors milk processing organizations so as to sustain in global competition.

Specific Characteristics of Privatization Process in New Uzbekistan

In the article, the changes that have taken place in the process of privatization of state property in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, the ongoing reforms, and the implemented measures have been highlighted. Also, conclusions were formed on the results of privatization reforms in the country.

Bringing a justice lens to ocean access

Maritime spaces have transformed rapidly the last decades. Open waters and beaches have become restricted and sometimes privatized enclosures. Different forms of extractivism have led to biodiversity loss and in particular to declining fish populations. Additionally, large-scale coastal and marine infrastructure projects, such as deepening and widening of shipping channels, have destroyed important habitats. These profound socio-ecological transformations have had an impact on geographies of resource access and control and consequently on the ability of actors to access, use and benefit from coastal and marine space. Moreover, changes in the lending policies of local banks have posed additional and severe challenges for fishers’ ability to fish. Such processes effect in particular the livelihoods of coastal and small-scale fisher communities and consequently increase existing inequalities and injustices. We suggest to bring the literature on ocean justice and access and property into dialogue and develop a heuristic for analysing inequalities and justice claims. Based on qualitative case studies focussing on the Sicily (Italy), the Elbe estuary (Germany) and the Lofoten (Norway), we show that investigating access relations facilitates the identification of unequal societal relationships with nature. Our cases illustrate that power relations in which privatization processes and access relations are embedded, determine whether injustices can be translated into justice claims and how successful these claims are. Moreover, unequal socio-ecological relations are also influenced by what we call translocal justice. Translocal justice is often lost in processes of commodification, privatization and in the rescaling of political authority and power, as local ties and confidential relationships vanish.

Secularization: A Response from Canon Law Based on the Concept of the “Church on the Move” and Cooperation with the Civil Order in Cases of Abuse of Minors by Priests

The influence of secularization and secularism in today’s society has led to a process of privatization of religion. Faced with this reality, Pope Francis, in his Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, has promoted the need for a pastoral conversion, betting on a “Church going out” that, on the one hand, can cope with this process and, on the other hand, go out to meet all those people who suffer in the existential peripheries. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through a qualitative and quantitative methodology, how canon law is a reality that cannot stand aside from this call and how, in the specific area of child abuse within the Church, it must opt for a position that we call “expansion” or extra ecclesiam, capable of recognizing and dealing with the cases that have occurred, as well as operating a system of cooperation with the civil order, with the aim of promoting justice and the common good of society, in order to limit the growing process of secularization.

Fostering educational excellence and addressing neoliberal challenges: Perspectives from principals and educators in Arab private schools in Israel

This study delves into the firsthand experiences of educators within private Arab schools in Israel in response to the escalating trends of privatization. Through conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 principals and educators from private institutions, a phenomenological approach was employed to uncover their perspectives on achievements and neoliberal challenges encountered in their educational roles. The findings elucidate a nuanced interplay of factors propelling the privatization process, including the demand for quality education, the cultivation of identity, and discontentment with public schooling systems. Participants highlighted the advantages offered by the flexibility and resources available in private educational settings. Nonetheless, concerns surfaced regarding issues of equitable access, regulatory oversight, workload demands, and clashes with the Ministry of Education’s privatization policies. Educators articulated both the benefits and risks associated with the privatization of schools. The study advocates for the implementation of standardized oversight mechanisms, specialized training to uphold principles of equity, fostering public–private partnerships, and the necessity for further research to shape practical policy that align privatization with educational excellence and equal opportunities. Insights gleaned from educational leaders navigating the complexities of privatization serve as a compass for devising strategies aimed at enhancing Arab schooling through evidence-based reforms.

Privatisation of the Indian Economy

An important change from an essentially state- controlled economic structure to one in which private businesses are major players is represented by the privatisation of the Indian economy. This action was taken in the early 1990s as a part of a larger series of economic reforms with the goals of boosting economic development, encouraging competition, and raising productivity. The shift to privatisation affected many important companies, but it also advanced finance and telecommunications, enhanced foreign direct investment, and enhanced service delivery. Nevertheless, there were additional difficulties with the privatisation process, including as opposition from the political establishment, obstacles from regulations, and issues with social fairness. India's economy has profited immensely from privatisation in terms of enhanced market integration, innovation, and economic success despite these obstacles. An overview of the reasons for the privatisation initiatives in India, as well as the procedures, conclusions, and current discussions, are given in this abstract.

A Qualitative Approach to Children Ideas About Dreams and Mind

Children's understanding of dreams as mental states was examined as an instance of their development of a mind in general. Ten children between three and nine years of age were interviewed to determine how well they understood the location, privacy, and origin of their own dreams and mind. Findings revealed significant age increases in dream and mind understanding. Results show that young children (3 to 5-years-old) experienced short dreams related to specific actions such as run, jump, or video games. Older children (7 to 8-years.old), however, report more complex dreams and twice as many dreams as younger children; more importantly, their role in dreams becomes more active. Data also show how children’s conceptions about private processes are not static but evolved with age in somehow predictable sequences as Kohlberg stated years ago (1969).

Understanding the historical processes of privatization policies in North Africa: Lessons from the cases of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia

This paper provides a concise historical analysis of the political economy of privatization in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia from the 1980s to 2007, a period that witnessed the emergence of privatization as a primary policy tool to reform the public sector. The paper examines the influence of political history, macroeconomic considerations, and International Development Agencies (IDAs) on the early privatization processes in these North African countries. Despite shared developmental trajectories, internal and external factors had a significant impact on the outcomes of economic liberalization. The paper aims to answer the following key questions: What were the underlying political-economic factors driving privatization, and how successful was it in achieving the promised economic growth? Through a focused analysis of each country’s contextual factors, privatization processes, and outcomes, the paper contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics shaping privatization in developing countries.

The normativity of logic and the natural normativity of argumentation

In this paper, I defend that logic has a normative status for reasoning. To support my argument, I question whether logic can be limited to a formal calculus that establishes relations among truth-bearers (Goldstein, 1988). Instead, I argue that logic encompasses the study of inference in ordinary language. Similarly, I challenge traditional views of reasoning that depict it as a private process of drawing inferences. Instead, I embrace perspectives that view reasoning as a social activity (Dutilh-Novaes, 2021; Godden, 2015; Kalis, 2022; Mackenzie, 1989). From these bases, I explore the concept of the natural normativity of argumentation (Gilbert, 2007; Jackson, 2019). Since argumentative practices inherently possess a normative dimension, logic aims to capture and represent the rules that govern these linguistic exchanges. Logical rules are the tools from which agents can exert normative control over argumentative practices.

‘I leave the everyday behind, everyday’: Sounds and spaces of the revanchist middle classes in Berlin’s Fünf Morgen Dahlem Urban village

Processes of gentrification and redevelopment have accelerated in Berlin in the decades following reunification, however the lens of research inquiry has most often been trained upon districts like Kreuzberg or Neukölln – areas synonymous with media portrayals of Berlin as a hedonistic, gritty, artistic location. These analyses rarely deal with how the regulation of sound features in Berlin’s reshaping via investment capital. This paper builds on previous research on housing developments and regeneration in Berlin, however it centres itself within the under-researched, affluent space of Dahlem in southwest Berlin. While this long affluent area does not necessarily undergo new-build gentrification, luxury developments like Fünf Morgen provoke sonic and spatial conflicts that highlight cleavages between different factions of the middle-classes. The paper shows how luxury housing projects come to shape the sonic and spatial atmospheres of cities via a micro-examination of sonic and spatial struggles around Fünf Morgen Dahlem Urban Village built almost 10 years ago. Through a discursive and ethnographic engagement with the everyday life of this site formerly occupied by the American Army Forces, the paper explores the urban atmospheres created by these projects after their instantiation. It evidences the neoliberal privatisation processes at work via sonic and spatial conflicts in already affluent city areas.

Reforming the structure and models of privatization

The article is devoted to the monitoring of the economic situation in Ukraine, the activities of control bodies and the coverage of approaches to reforming the ownership structure based on privatization processes. The analysis of the situation occurring in the field of privatization characterizes their complexity, which is caused by the state of war and instability in the state, the spread of illegal possession of state property and other destabilizing factors used by the structures of the aggressor country to achieve their own goals. The need for further localization of shadow privatization schemes is determined by the growth of the share of foreign capital in strategic sectors of the economy and in critical infrastructure facilities, which is one of the greatest modern threats to the economic sphere of Ukraine, which is dangerous for the economic independence of Ukraine. In the framework of stabilization privatization, the need to take into account not only national legislation, but also international norms, in particular the provisions of the OECD Declaration «On International Investments and Multinational Enterprises», which deals with the national regime, conflicting requirements for corporations and international investments, which should be applied in current conditions and in the post- war period of Ukraine. In this regard, it is worth defining a state body that will competently and competently manage Russian assets that are subject to sanctions and that will be transferred by partner countries after they are unfrozen for the restoration of our state according to the standards of sovereign funds or national welfare funds. Post-war privatization should contain an evolutionary basis and attention to national assets, especially in basic industries and relatively non-renewable resources that belong to the citizens of Ukraine. Thus, a clear balance is necessary between the needs of the country in the person of its institutions and the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, which are guaranteed and narrowing of their content is not allowed when adopting new laws or making changes to existing laws. It is worth preserving the foundations of Article 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which stipulates that everyone has the right to own, use and dispose of their property, and no one can be unlawfully deprived of the right to property, which is inviolable and guaranteed by Article 1 of the «First Protocol to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms». Thus, the design of the future privatization should also take into account the elements of the historical privatization part, which began with the recognition of Ukraine’s independence and is regulated by the provisions of the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the procedure for allocating lands transferred to collective ownership to agricultural enterprises and organizations» dated August 8, 1995 No. 720, which are still in force today remain relevant in view of today’s challenges (focusing on threats to food security) and sometimes require the intervention of regulatory and law enforcement agencies, since without the past there is no future.

The Impact of Privatization of Nigeria’s Electricity Industry on the Quality of Electricity Service Delivery in Lokoja Metropolis

This study empirically examined the impact of the privatization of the electricity industry on electricity service delivery in the Lokoja metropolis by Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC). Data for the study were elicited from copies of structured questionnaire administered to 400 (four hundred) residential electricity consumers in the Lokoja metropolis via the cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed using simple percentages, frequency distribution tables and the mean (x) score respectively. The rational choice theory which provides insight into how the vested interests of Nigeria’s ruling class compromised the privatization process of the Nation’s electricity industry constituted the theoretical foundation of the study. Findings revealed, among other things, that the privatization of the electricity industry in Nigeria has not translated to significant improvement in power supply in the Lokoja metropolis and that electricity billing is not a fair reflection of the electricity consumption rate in the metropolis. To this end, the study concluded that the privatization of Nigeria’s electricity industry has not impacted positively on electricity service delivery in the Lokoja metropolis. Consequently, the study recommended, amongst others, that the Nigerian government should put in place measures to attract globally reputable electricity utility companies to invest in the Nation’s electricity industry and prepaid metering as against estimated billing should be the sole criterion for determining electricity consumers' tariff in the country.