Process Of Personality Formation Research Articles

Originality of Author’s Position as a Playful Dialogue with Reader in Novel by M. Ende «Der Spiegel im Spiegel»

The article is devoted to the study of the category of the game and its embodiment in the form of specific game techniques in discourse. The research material was the work of M. Ende «Der Spiegel im Spiegel». The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the combined connections of artistic stories form irrational worlds. The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest of researchers in the surrealist reflection of reality in a literary text. It is shown in the work that play is a process of personality formation and a kind of free human activity. Special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis of fairytale discourse. The principle of semantic and compositional connection of individual works of the cycle of stories is brought into consideration. The article deals with the issues of realization by characters of literary texts of the key parameters of play and non-play in mythological discourse. Attention is paid to the main variants of human behavior. The question is also raised about the physical properties of mirrors, which are implicit markers of various symbols. Special attention is paid to the spherical mirror. It is shown that M. Ende’s work is based on the principle of the panoramic reflection effect.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ТА ЕМОЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ДИПЛОМАТА ЯК СИНЕРГІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ САМОАКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article considers the problem of self-actualization of the future diplomat as the realization of potential intellectual and emotional-value capabilities of a young person, his abilities, as well as the desire for internal synergy of the individual. The concept of «synergy» is interpreted as the interaction of two or more factors, which enhances the importance of each component. Thus, the process of personality formation is a synergy of mutually interacting phenomena and processes at the system level. It was found that the intellectual and emotional potential formed in the process of professional training of future international specialists presupposes a realistic, positively developing self-concept. It provides a focus on self-actualization and realization of the cognitive-emotional component in professional and social activities. It is established that in the structure of the educational process there should be a constant construction of new knowledge, which is an important part of independent work. The constructive activity of the future diplomat begins when he enters into professionally significant interactions with knowledge about objects and phenomena of the outside world. These interactions and elements of educational work form the content of the cognitive interest of the applicant. In the process of training, future diplomats must learn with respect and to be tolerant of various manifestations of emotions on the part of classmates and teachers. Under the self-actualization of the future diplomat, we understand the realization of potential intellectual and emotional and value potential of a young person, his abilities, as well as the desire for internal synergy of the individual. The concept of «synergy» is interpreted as the interaction of two or more factors, which enhances the importance of each component. Thus, the process of personality formation is a synergism of interacting phenomena and processes at the system level. The intellectual and emotional potential formed in the process of professional training of future international specialists presupposes a realistic, positively developing self-concept. It provides a focus on self-actualization and realization of the cognitive-emotional component in professional and social activities.

On the basic needs in health psychology

Health psychology is a branch of clinical psychology, which deals with human health considering physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects, i.e. in the context of biopsychosocial unity. Modern practice indicated that the representation on a disorder does not automatically form an “inner picture of health”. Fulfilling the task of psychological support of a person towards health and well-being required studying the integral phenomenon of health along with the factors that shape the image of a disorder or image of health. The initial aspect of any activity is the needful-motivational personality sphere. Different interpretations of the concept of basic needs of a person entail ambiguity of its use in the the practical work of a psychologist. The goal of this article is to examine the approaches towards outlining the basic needs in the context of health psychology. The author highlights three approaches towards determining the basic needs: as vital or biological needs; as needs underlying the higher needs; and ultimately, as the primary and essential for mental development and personality formation. Such perception allows formulating various approaches towards psychological correction of the consequences of frustration of basic needs. In conclusion, the author present a systematization of approaches towards consideration of the basic needs of a person, structurization of representation on the basic needs as essential and impacting the entire course and process of personality formation, which is particularly evident in the distortions of personality development in terms of frustration of the basic needs.

Analysis of the representation of key topics of sustainable development in subject educational standards of Kyrgyzstan

Education for Sustainable Development is an area of activity that aims at fostering responsible members of society. The very process of personality formation within the educational environment cannot be divorced from the use of standardized technologies, procedures, techniques and teaching methods, the designation of significant areas of knowledge and the developed methods for assessing the results of the development of competencies. Subject standards, as part of the country’s educational standard, are designed to coordinate the process of assimilating meaningful information, developing skills and acquiring skills to meet the needs of representatives of the current generation, without putting at risk the capacity of generations to come in meeting their own requirements. The study analyzes the current educational standards of the Kyrgyz Republic from the point of view of comparing the approaches of standard environmental education and Education for Sustainable Development. The features of the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in the study of economic, social and environmental aspects are revealed. Steps are proposed to improve subject standards in order to ensure both information sufficiency and the formation of behavioral practices consistent with the key accents reflected in the conventions on climate change, combating desertification and biodiversity.

Teenagers' Maladjustment Problem

The review raised the theoretical analysis of the growing mental development problem, egocentrism formation, and methods of its adjustment. The school maladjustment problem in Russia paid attention to the personality formation process of teenagers. In this way, the analysis focused on the personality formation process of teenagers; on the one hand, it was the formation of peculiarities in the egocentrism prevention context in general, and on the other hand, the cognitive activity egocentrism as one of the personality properties. The review emphasized the role of different learning techniques to develop decentration and to reduce egocentrism. The interrelation between personality properties and cognitive processes implied the influence of teenagers' personality egocentrism in speech and thinking rigidity as well as the maladjusted forms of behavior formation. The pedagogical correctional healthcare and school psychological services took into account when figuring out a teenagers' strategy of education and upbringing issues.

Methods Of Educating Youth In The Spirit Of Patriotism, Physical And Intellectual Devotion To The Motherland

Improving the effectiveness of education to ensure that the person is at the centre of education and young people receive an independent education, they are well prepared in educational institutions and, in addition to solid knowledge in their field, possess modern pedagogical technologies and interactive methods. we need teachers who know the rules of use when organizing reading and educational activities. To do this, it is necessary to equip all-natural science teachers with new pedagogical technologies and interactive methods, apply the knowledge gained in teaching and educational activities, and constantly improve their qualifications. Today, the use of new pedagogical technologies in education is becoming increasingly important. It is known that pedagogical technology is intended for the educational process and determines the goal of the process of personality formation in society. The pedagogical system needs updating as society changes. The “National Program for Personnel Training” set the goal of education in a new direction: “to get rid of the ideological stigma of the past, to train highly qualified personnel that meet the highest moral and ethical standards at the level of developed democracies”. That is, today it is necessary to completely update the content of pedagogical technology, the goal of teaching, and the improvement of the pedagogical process. Education-based on advanced pedagogical technologies with the skilful use of traditional teaching methods is a requirement of our time. The main goal of reforming the education system is to develop students' ability to think independently, use modern information tools and teach them to apply their knowledge to solve any problems.

ПРОФЕСІЙНА МАЙСТЕРНІСТЬ ЗАСНОВНИКА УКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАРОДНОГО ХОРОВОГО СПІВУ ГРИГОРІЯ ВЕРЬОВКИ

In the article the professional skills of the founder of Ukrainian folk choral singing Hryhoriy Veryovka are highlighted. It is determined that the professional skill of the founder of Ukrainian choral singing H. Veryovka takes into account the national song traditions and ensures the receptivity of these traditions in the modern socio-cultural environment, applying them to the actual process of preserving and increasing national spirituality. It is proved that the artist promoted an axiological approach to the upbringing and education of the younger generation, saw the purpose and content of education in ensuring of the connection between Ukrainian folk songs and choral compositions of foreign classics, recognition of the process of personality formation in Ukrainian choral traditions. It is actualized the statement that the uniqueness of H. Veryovka’s professional skill in all its dimensions – performing-conducting, composer, pedagogical, educational, organizational – lies in the development of his special choral intonation, palette of sound tones, sound production in organic integrity, which takes place at the fundamental level of the national song and choral tradition and European principles of collective singing. The main pedagogical conditions in the educational process of the students’ comprehension of the national song and choral heritage are outlined.Thus, analyzing the professional skill of the founder of Ukrainian folk choral singing H. Veryovka, we can conclude that the features of his vocal pedagogy played an important role in the national choral school. The scientific study of H. Veryovka’s musical and pedagogical experience became the basis of the national and world conducting and choral pedagogy, formation of the highly moral personality capable of multiplying the achievements of Ukrainian folk singing.

МОРАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ЯКОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ КУРСАНТА, ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ФОРМУВАННЯ

Introduction. Nowadays psychological and pedagogical sciences have a great number of advanced techniques for improving the educational process. The multiplication of the pedagogical diversity of methods and forms of the educational process during the professional training of cadets over time is justified by a number of objective factors. Among these determinants is the need for society to be a perfect personality in the sphere of civil protection and life safety, who, in addition to professional improvement, aims to the formation of a high level of national, civic, moral, psychological and professionally personal qualities. Implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies, pedagogical conditions and principles, clear definition of the structure of professionally important moral and psychological qualities of cadets and development of stages of their formation will allow to increase to a considerable extent not only the moral and psychological training of the specialist, but also to unite the interests of the personality, society and state.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to isolate the significant moral and psychological qualities of the cadets and to theoretically explain the specifics of their formation in the process of professional training. Methods. Such theoretical methods of pedagogical research are used in the article: analysis and synthesis for complex consideration of the structure of moral and psychological qualities of cadets; methods of induction and deduction to find out the cause and effect relationships of the process of implementation of pedagogical conditions designed to form professionally significant moral and psychological qualities of the cadet; generalization for theoretical summary of psychological and pedagogical principles of formation of moral and psychological qualities of cadets, which offer different scientific theories, as well as for summarizing the main spheres of demonstration of moral and psychological qualities of the personality during professional activity.Originality. We consider the moral and psychological qualities of cadets as a set of social annd psychological units that influence on the process of personality formation of a cadet and his/her level of professional competence in the course of his / her duties. Among the important moral and psychological qualities of cadets are intellectual, emotional-volitional, communicative, lingual, motorial and mnemonic. The structural components of the cadets’ moral and psychological qualities include cognitive, axiological, technological and active, each of which is connected with the other and at the same time has some autonomy and performs a number of functions. We emphasize the connection of the process of formation of moral and psychological qualities of cadets with the content of educational process and professional activity, life experience, marital status, level of education, development, education and a number of other factors.Conclusion. The moral and psychological qualities of the cadet’s personality are the specific formation of the spiritual sphere, and their formation in educational establishments is a difficult and main task set by society and explained by the regulatory framework. The effectiveness of the implementation of the mentioned above task depends on its rational organization and planning, the creation of external and internal factors for the development and intensive demonstration of the moral and psychological qualities of future specialists. We see the prospect of further research in this area in the in-depth study of issues related to improving the indicators of moral and psychological development and the formation of the cadets readiness to use moral norms and values in their professional activity.

Теоретичні та методичні засади системи професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів фізичної культури до педагогічної діяльності

The article is devoted to research problems of professional training of the future teacher of physical culture in higher education institutions as the process of personality formation, which takes place in accordance with the process of vocational and pedagogical activity. The purpose of the article is to analyse scientific and methodological literature on the problem of training future teachers of physical culture and developed promising areas of educational systems for training specialists and use optimal ways to organize pedagogical influence on pupils in the educational process of physical culture at school. Professional activity has two components: the first is a system of tools aimed at cognition of the profession and the field of knowledge that are part of its theoretical basis; the second is a system of actions aimed at self-development, self-determination of the individual in order to gain self-confidence, which promotes the development of competence in the practice of professional activity. The process of professional training for future physical education teachers is complex and multifaceted. Qualitative training of future teachers of physical education is impossible without students' understanding of the basics of pedagogical activity, which includes not only the acquisition of knowledge, skills and skills, but also the education of proper attitude to future practical activity. The formation of professional and pedagogical activity should be based on a deep understanding of the essence of the practical activity of a physical education teacher. Training of future physical education teachers is a process that involves learning, education and development and reflects the specifics of professional training at the level of mastering the system of knowledge, skills, skills and personality formation of the future teacher. The problem of training future physical education teachers and developing promising directions and involving students in the future profession in practical implementation in the context of school education, which does not find the principle of theory to be properly connected with practice.

Education Transformation in the Arctic Region of the Republic Of Sakha (Yakutia) Under the Impact of New Information Technologies in Modern Conditions

Currently, education is considered as a multidimensional and comprehensive process of personality formation. Among other things, it contributes to the development of basic abilities such as critical thinking, problem solving ability, networking, adaptability, and initiative. Learning is continuous and widely accessible, both with regard to adaption and personalization. Nowadays, teachers are required to search for innovative technologies and techniques providing qualitative acquirement of the material and the development of key subject competencies. The objective of the study is to introduce information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. The authors use the methods of testing, questionnaire, study of documents, and reflection. The survey involves 312 full-time and part-time students of M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU), among which 178 people represent the Arctic Region. The survey’s results are introduced in Tables 1 and 2. The results of the study are positive, with quantitative and qualitative indicators confirming the purpose of the study

Психологические причины и условия отклоняющегося поведения подростков, находящихся в центрах временного содержания несовершеннолетних правонарушителей

The article analyzes the causes of deviations in the behavior of juveniles and the conditions for their elimination, considers forms of deviant behavior, it formulates recommendations for organizing psychological work with minors held in temporary detention centers for minor offenders. It was revealed that an important role play defects of legal and moral education, neglect, lack of parental control over how the child spends free time, imperfection of the personality formation process, the negative influence of the family and immediate environment and their value orientations, the conflict situation in the origin of the deviant behavior of the minor family, personal characteristics of minors, which arose to a greater extent due to omissions in family education. It is shown that identifying the causes and motives that caused the juvenile to commit an offense, providing counseling to parents or legal representatives of minors to normalize family relationships, an individual approach to organizing preventive work taking into account the personality characteristics of juveniles, help optimize the psychological work with minors held in the temporary detention center for minor offenders. The authors believe that the main emphasis in the organization of psychological work with children and juveniles hold in the temporary detention centers for minor offenders should be made on the correction of the personal value system, since crimes are committed by minors due to the growth of consumer orientation against the background of the loss of moral values, as well as because of the needs of juveniles in inclusion in isolated groups on the background of a violation of relations with the environment.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ

The article is devoted to the problem of deviant behavior of adolescents. The authors conclude that one of the factors of deviant behavior is the inferiority of the family, namely attention deficit. The material well-being of the family, the level of prosperity also affects the deviance of minors. Deviant behavior can occur for various reasons from internal experiences to external pressure from adults, including criminals. Significant age characteristics of minors that cause behavior deviations are: incompleteness of the process of personality formation; lack of their own mechanisms for overcoming difficulties; contradictory feelings, a combination of sensitivity and cruelty; increased sexual desire; inadequate self-esteem and self-doubt; impulsivity; maximalism in assessments; stubbornness and suggestibility; insufficiently developed ability to objectively assess specific actions, to self-control behavior; lack of life experience, skills for constructive problem solving; not the ability to find the most acceptable ways to resolve complex life situations, low resistance to stress.

FUTURE SPECIALISTS’ SOCIALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPETENCE APPROACH


 
 
 
 A solução dos problemas enfrentados pela sociedade russa moderna depende em grande parte das crenças, expectativas, valores e atitudes das pessoas que determinam sua atitude em relação à inovação, conteúdo, eficácia e eficiência de várias atividades. A adaptação social (inclusão ativa no ambiente social) do indivíduo assume como condição necessária a conquista de um certo nível de competência social. O ambiente social moderno tem um impacto significativo no processo de formação da personalidade, causando certas contradições: por um lado, a modernização sociocultural requer uma nova abordagem para o problema da auto- realização social do indivíduo, exigindo maior atividade humana como sujeito da vida social, assumindo a responsabilidade por suas atividades e comportamentos, mas, por outro lado, a instabilidade da sociedade moderna aumenta as dificuldades naturais de crescer; a situação de incerteza leva à deformação do desenvolvimento pessoal, à desadaptação na sociedade. A modernização do sistema educacional levou a mudanças no conteúdo, formas, métodos e tecnologias da educação, em relação às quais havia a necessidade de avaliar os resultados do funcionamento do sistema educacional. Analisando a qualidade de um treinamento especializado moderno, os pesquisadores começaram a recorrer cada vez mais às competências formadas durante o estudo, entre as quais um lugar importante é ocupado pela competência social, estimado como o indicador mais importante da competência profissional de um especialista em geral e, em particular, , no campo das relações econômicas, trabalhistas e sociais.
 
 
 

Value and semantic orientation of a Gothic personality in Scotus’s axioms of beatitudo aspiration

A common conviction of Modernism about personality’s absence in the High Middle Ages is criticized in the issue. From Duns Scotus’s axioms, scholastic directives about necessary aspiration of bliss which characterizes a true Christian believer, the author has proved that scholastic doctrines of the period are aimed at a process of moral, reflective and responsible person formation whose deliberately remains an unchanged balance between individual and collective values. The hermeneutical, phenomenological, logical and critical methods are used to reveal social and mental senses of ethical and religious category of bliss in Duns Scotus’s doctrine and axiological mainstreams’ determination of personality development in the High Middle Ages. The Scotus’s interpretation of bliss aspiration is proved to state a concept of active individual development and emphasizes a process of personality formation, encourages a man to self-control and the inner world harmonization according to Christian canonical values and ideas of believers from various communities - families, corporations, states, which create the integral “Christian community” (corpus Christianorum). A beatitudo aspiration is a hierarchical guideline and a mean of active spiritual and moral motion beginning, as well as it is one of the will’s direction facilities toward an ideal object. The bliss aspiration provides an opportunity to realize abilities of will-love, to overcome depravity interim ethics, by eliminating its contingent notion, and after having known a natural sphere of bliss, wishing happiness. Scholar considers beatitudo a bail of Love and God’s plan in an ordinary human life, as a certain man’s gift that facilitates to reach finis ultimus. Despite a level of depravity a man should personally harmonize two spheres of bliss, in particular private and universal spheres. Nevertheless, due to a natural law human nature primarily desires happiness in a private sphere, and then bliss in a universal sphere that will be reached by a posteriori acts of will and an equal dilemma solution. A philosophic interpretation of a bliss category is created for the first time. The perspectives of further study will allow contemporaries an additional opportunity to understand the anthropological transition from traditional way of thinking to rational and individual one and to determine the internal filling of medieval human’s spiritual world, that are the mental milestones in a process of a European personality formation.

Racism and Historic-cultural Trauma in Julie Otsuka’s When the Emperor Was Divine

This article examines how American racism-based policies like Executive Order 9066 of the Roosevelt Regime traumatized Japanese Americans before and after their wartime internment by analyzing Julie Otsuk’s When the Emperor Was Divine in the pluralist viewpoint of Michelle Balaev. The findings are: First, the internment of Japanese Americans residing on the Western Coast of America during World War II caused physical and psychological trauma that is repeated over and over, even after their release, through American racist policies mobilized through mass media, such as TV, radio and magazines. Second, the morbid racist gossip circulated through media contributed not only to the repetition of trauma, but also the distortion of Japanese Americans’ identity, which caused them to take it for granted that they should be docile and patient as a model minority. Especially, by describing the process of personality formation through the first-person narration of a seven-year-old boy, Otsuka articulates that the racist policies of the government interrupted his normal growth both psychically and psychologically. In order for young boys and girls to grow up as balanced citizens as well as get rid of misconstrued images of Japanese Americans, groundless racism will have to be reflectively approached. (Chosun University)

Young patients’ emotional expression peculiarities as a result of the military conflict in the East of Ukraine

For healthy personality formation process, early emotional experience is very important during very first years of children’s life. Nevertheless, fast urbanization, various anthropogenic processes, socially economic crisis, military conflicts and respective prolonged informational environment influences form young patients’ various emotional reaction changes. All of that negatively imprints young patients’ physical and psychological conditions, deteriorates their lives in social sphere and as a whole. Consequently, emotional expression peculiarities estimation provides us with an opportunity to analyze children’s actual psycho-emotional states and prognosticate their further development.
 The aim of this article: to identify emotional expression peculiarities for schoolchildren who live in various regions of Ukraine, from territorially close and distant areas during military conflict in the East of Ukraine.
 Research methods and procedures: our investigation has been carried out as a part of the research activity called “Development of medical psychological aid system for children and teenagers in the area of anti-terroristic operation” (state registration number 0116U004162). 100 preschool aged children from Donetsk region (group one) and 100 ones from Zhitomir region (group two) took part in our investigation. Research methods and methodologies: observation, conversation, various psycho-diagnostic procedures, obtained data statistic processing and analysis. Psycho-diagnostic complex: “Conga” (“Parovozick”) by S.V. Veliyeva, “Nonexistent Creature” by M.Z. Drukarevich, “Cactus” by O.M. Panfilova, “Fears Questioner” by A.I. Zakharova, “Stairways Test” by V.G. Shchur, “Family Picture” by G.T. Homentauskas, G.P. Lavrentyeva’s and T.M. Titarenko’s questioners on aggression and anxiety estimation (for young patients’ teachers and parents).
 Obtained results. Our research results examination is an evidence that the children who lives in Donetsk region suffer of various emotional disorders according to all investigated indexes. Significant difference between two groups of respondents has been discovered in the following: impulsiveness (45%), adult people aggression phobia (31%), anxiety (24%), desolation aiming (20%), emphasized asociality (21%), suspicion and with-draw behavior (20%) and aggression (14). Generally negative psycho-emotional state deterioration tendency has been discovered during our investigation irrespectively of the place of children residence. This phenomenon could be characterized by children’s excessive agitation and anxiety. These factors are usual in the situation of indefinite danger of some expecting event and reveal themselves as a negative prognosis for this situation completion.
 Resume: emotional disorders high rate in stress-producing environment is an evidence for some dynamic diagnostic system establishment necessity. Medical specialists (pedagogical workers, psychologists and general practitioners) activities regimentation is very important for young patients’ negative emotional states elimination and prophylactics. Consequently, complex and systematical activity of parents, psychologists, pedagogical and medical workers become actual nowadays.

PATRIOTISM AS THE SOCIAL VALUE OF THE INDIVIDUAL

The article deals with patriotism as a social value of an individual. Characterized by patriotism in the socio-historical, as well as in the psychological and pedagogical context, allows us to give a holistic description of this complex and multifaceted social phenomenon. The socio-pedagogical bases of development of patriotic education of youth of Ukraine are considered. It was investigated that the level of youth patriotism is closely related to its social activity. The significance of patriotic education in the development of spiritual and moral norms and principles of youth is analyzed. The analysis of patriotic education as a social and pedagogically organized process of personality formation is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the fact that patriotism, especially if it comes from its origin, arises and develops as a feeling that is formalized through the mechanisms of socialization and enriched spiritually and ethically. It is also important that the understanding of the development of a sense of patriotism is inextricably linked with its effectiveness, which in a more concrete way manifests itself in active social activities and actions. Conclusions are made that patriotism is one of the most important components of the individual and social way of life. That is why, the feeling of patriotism of young people develops in close connection with their cognitive activity, with the mastery of the necessary representations and knowledge that are formed and developed in an inseparable unity. Thus, the patriotic education of youth can be regarded as a process of socially controlling socialization, which is carried out in specially created educational organizations that help develop the capabilities of a young person, including her ability, knowledge, patterns of behavior, values, relationships that are positively valuable to a society in which they lives.

ПРОБЛЕМА ДИТЯЧИХ СТРАХІВ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИХ НАУКОВЦІВ

У статті здійснюється теоретичний аналіз поняття «страх», визначається його сутність з точки зору різних психологічних течій. Наведено погляди вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених щодо проблеми страху. Приведені думки науковців з приводу розмежування понять «страх» та «тривога». Визначено місце поняття «страх» в системі психологічних категорій. Проаналізовано особливості виникнення страхів в дітей дошкільного віку. Визначено переважаючі види дитячих страхів та умови переходу страхів у фобії. Показано вплив найближчого оточення дитини на виникнення в неї нав’язливих страхів. Вказано засоби та форми корекції страхів в дітей дошкільного віку. Проаналізовано роль механізмів психологічного захисту у нівелюванні дитиною власних страхів. Підкреслено необхідність надання психологічної допомоги дітям, в яких спостерігаються нав’язливі страхи та фобії.
 Ключові слова: страх, фобія, тривожність, емоції, дошкільний вік.

Examining destination personality: Its antecedents and outcomes

Abstract This study of Sardinia, Italy, an island destination in the Mediterranean Sea, examines the role of involvement on destination personality formation process. It further investigates how destination personality affects destination satisfaction and self-congruity, and how self-congruity affects destination satisfaction and destination loyalty. A total of 1266 usable questionnaires were collected via a field survey. Utilizing structured and unstructured research methodologies, three underlying dimensions of destination personality specific to the island of Sardinia were uncovered, namely conviviality, sophistication, and vibrancy. The proposed conceptual model was tested and the results reveal significant relationships between two involvement dimensions (pleasure/interest and sign value) and various destination personality dimensions. Destination personality dimensions were found to have a strong influence on destination satisfaction and self-congruity. Furthermore, the findings provide empirical evidence of the influence of self-congruity on destination satisfaction and destination loyalty. Destination satisfaction was also found to positively influence the two dimensions of destination loyalty: referral and revisit intentions.

Беременность как стадия личностного развития женщины

Pregnancy is defined as a specific crisis stage of development of a woman’s personality. We consider the specifics of the personality’s structure, gender identity, object relations and self-concept in this regard. The process of personality formation in a woman during pregnancy is marked by integrity and connected to the processes of regression, transformation, integration, and restructuring of intrapersonal formations. During pregnancy Id’s libidinal and aggressive tendencies intensify, Ego’s structure expands and enriches itself by assimilating the child as an Ego-ideal, Super-Ego lessens its pressure. Gender identity is restructured as a result of gender ideal merging with the gender stereotype.