Governance Processes Research Articles

Transformasi Layanan SIM Nasional Presisi (SINAR) melalui Inovasi Aplikasi Digital Korlantas Polri di SATPAS Colombo Surabaya

The implementation of public services in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 25 of 2009, namely a series of activities to meet service needs in accordance with regulations for every citizen and resident. This service includes goods, services or administrative services provided by public service providers. In addition, through Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 2003 concerning national policies and strategies for developing E-government, communication and information technology is utilized in government processes to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government administration. One form of e-government-based public service innovation introduced by the National Police Chief is the National Police Traffic Corps Digital application in the form of the SINAR Service with the aim of providing more effective and efficient public services in the driving license (SIM) renewal process which can be accessed online. The aim of this research is to describe the Digital Application Innovation of the National Police Traffic Corps in the SINAR (Precision National Driving License) Service at SATPAS Colombo Surabaya. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research results show that: 1) Relative Advantage, This innovation was accepted quickly, even though there were internal challenges related to the applicant's signals and devices. 2) Compatibility, acceptance of innovation is fast, but some people still don't know about SINAR services because socialization is not yet comprehensive. 3) Complexity, innovation is accepted quickly, but there are technical problems such as lag or bugs when uploading photos. 4) Triability, positive and rapid acceptance of the innovation due to internal testing by the development team, Satpas staff, as well as a two-week trial with SIM applicants that successfully identified and fixed problems, ensuring the application meets user needs. 5) Observability, innovation is accepted quickly in society, but there are still deficiencies in data collection on applicant queues by security officers that need to be considered.

Social media affordances of LGBTQIA+ expression and community formation

Faced with offline discrimination, LGBTQIA+ users frequently turn to social media to find role models, build social networks and test out new forms of self-expression. Each platform has its own affordances and governance processes which can, in turn, facilitate or impede self-expression and community growth. Through a survey of 120 LGBTQIA+ participants, this paper considers which social media affordances facilitate the creation and development of LGBTQIA+ identities, support online and offline community formation and peer-to-peer learning, whilst limiting opportunities for online abuse. While previous research has so far largely focused on younger LGBTQIA+ users' experiences on SM, we found that broadening our sample to include older participants can lead to novel reflections on platforms' potential and/or challenges towards expressing one’s queerness online. For example, while users young and old found the visibility of other LGBTQIA+ accounts inspiring, entertaining and reassuring, particularly within previously stigmatised expressions of bisexuality, we found that older participants preferred to be selective about their outness, or sometimes to not be out at all, not simply for fear of harassment or context collapse, but also because of historical factors around family and friend relationships or because their identity experimentation had already happened offline. We also identified contrasting views about outness and the use and visibility of pronouns, reminding us that the online LGBTQIA+ community is not a monolith in its beliefs and practices, particularly when different life stages are considered.

Public works, urban development, common goods

The role taken by public works requires us to use them to address the need to govern the complexity of the contemporary city, focusing its development and physical transformations on shared goals. The combination of urban regeneration and public works finds an outlet in intervention strategies for the quality of public space, public buildings, and architecture of civic value. In order to make public works an opportunity for shared regeneration, planning actions should aim at framing individual works within a broader strategic vision, dealing with the management of services (cultural, educational, social) to involve communities and stakeholders in organising urban enhancement methods. The construction of the ‘public city’ oriented to the common good should constitute a continuous path that allows neither pauses nor retreats. It should activate decision-making and governance processes that enhance citizens’ participation and develop synergies with private subjects, focusing on the social dynamics of the world of work, dwelling and culture.

Barriers and hurdles delaying governance approval for an ethically approved nationwide clinical trial in pancreatic cancer.

Streamlined, expedited clinical research is fundamental to rapidly test, translate and implement novel treatments into routine care to improve patient outcomes. The National Mutual Acceptance (NMA) scheme was designed to expedite the ethics approval process, however, growing concerns exist about the fragmented time-consuming governance process needed to actually commence clinical research in Australia. This study reports hurdles and barriers encountered while seeking governance approval for the SCANPatient trial. SCANPatient is a nationwide multi-centre trial comparing standard narrative radiological reporting of CT scans for suspected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. with an alternative structured approach. SCANPatient was approved by a national Human Research Ethics Committee under the NMA. The documents, time, costs and platforms required to obtain governance approval and open the trial at 30 participating hospitals were analysed. Wide variation exists in research governance office (RGO) requirements for local approval, resulting in extra costs (>$117 000), delays of up to 4 months in commencing the trial at some participating sites, unplanned adjustment of the study design, and ultimately the loss of several potential sites. There were inconsistencies among RGOs minimum requirements and processes across jurisdictions and sites, with delays in obtaining approval signatures, time-consuming processes, differing platforms used to submit governance reviews and inflexibility of RGO processes all contributing to delays in progressing the trial and obtaining governance approval. The current governance process is time- and cost-consuming and undermines the NMA scheme's efforts to streamline the clinical trials review process.

Status, Challenges and Prospects of Policies Related to the Green Economy

Amidst the backdrop of globalization, the international community has increasingly focused on green economy policies, recognizing them as crucial instruments for advancing sustainable development. With the green and low-carbon transformation of the global industrial chain supply chain, the green economy and trade have become an important symbol for measuring the trade competitiveness of a country or region. Green economy policies are not only related to the process of global environmental governance but also have a direct impact on the green transformation of countries’ economic landscapes and the reshaping of international competitiveness. Amid escalating environmental challenges, the concern over leveraging green economic policies to foster harmonious economic and environmental development has emerged as a significant matter for governmental and international entities. This paper will focus on analyzing the relevant theories of the green economy, the status of its development, and the challenges it is currently facing. By analyzing the different cases of developed and developing countries in promoting the development of a green economy, we will take an in-depth look at the bottlenecks in the development of a green economy and the prospects for its future development, and reveal the specific challenges faced by different countries, as well as the innovative strategies they have adopted in promoting environmental sustainability and economic growth.

Research on Knowledge Payment Product Supply Chain Governance Based on Blockchain: An Evolutionary Game Model

ABSTRACTBlockchain provides a new opportunity to govern the dilemmas in the knowledge payment product supply chain. This paper introduces blockchain into the evolutionary game to explore the behavioral strategies of knowledge providers, platforms, and consumers and to analyze in depth the influence of initial willingness and blockchain‐related factors by the system dynamics. The analysis shows that (1) improving the tripartite initial willingness is conducive to accelerating the process of supply chain governance and making the system reach an ideal state: knowledge providers choose compliance creation, platforms adopt blockchain, and consumers buy authorized product; (2) there are specific thresholds for the blockchain adoption cost and the premium of product brought by blockchain, only when the cost and premium are lower than the thresholds, the system evolves towards the ideal state; (3) when blockchain is adopted, it can effectively inhibit knowledge providers' illegal creation behavior and consumers' piracy behavior by increasing the punishments of platforms on knowledge providers and consumers. The results provide guidance to implement effective governance and the orderly development of knowledge payment industry.

Can overarching rules and coordination in polycentric governance help achieve pre‐identified institutional goals over time? Evidence from farmland governance in southeastern France

AbstractThe question of the performance of polycentric governance over time is insufficiently addressed in the literature. By performance, we refer to the ability of polycentric governance actors to design rules and engage in coordination processes that allow them to achieve their goals. Through an institutional analysis, this paper seeks to answer a question that remains unresolved in the field, namely the effectiveness of the overarching set of rules and coordination relationships in their ability to drive institutional and organizational change in polycentric governance processes. To this end, we conduct an in‐depth case study of farmland governance in southeastern France. Through the attributes of polycentric governance, we examine the changes brought about by the goal of local food supply comparing it with other historical goals such as farmland preservation. We show that farmland governance is characterized by an institutional mismatch that prevents its actors from moving closer to the objective of local food supply. We argue that the evolution of farmland governance comes down to organizational change that does not lead to an evolution of rules‐in‐use. We discuss this result in light of the findings of the literature on polycentric governance and its implications for public policy.

Digitalisation and Cybersecurity: Towards an Operational Framework

As businesses increasingly adopt digital processes and solutions to enhance efficiency and productivity, they face heightened cybersecurity threats. Through a systematic literature review and concept development, this article examines the intersection of digitalisation and cybersecurity. It identifies the methodologies and tools used for cybersecurity assessments, factors influencing the adoption of cybersecurity measures, and the critical success factors for implementing these measures. The article also puts forward the concept of cybersecurity governance process categories, which are used to classify the factors uncovered in the research. Findings suggest that current information security standards tend to be too broad and not adequately tailored to the specific needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) when implementing emerging technologies, like Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, these standards often employ a top-down approach, which makes it challenging for SMEs to effectively implement them, as they require more scalable solutions tailored to their specific risks and limited resources. The study thus proposes a new framework based on the Plan-Do-Check model, built around the cybersecurity governance process categories and the three core pillars of governance, culture and standards. This is essentially a bottom-up approach that complements current top-down methods, and will be of value to both information technology (IT) professionals as an operational guide, and to researchers as a basis for future research in this field.

Customised Methodology to Assess and Measure Effectiveness of Integrated Landscape Management Relevant Multi-Stakeholder Transformative Governance, Incorporating Rights-Based Planning and Tenure Aspects, Applied in Kenya, Nigeria, and Viet Nam

Different thinking and strategies are needed to transform our food systems at different scales. Food systems can be changed towards a more sustainable path through multi-stakeholder transformative governance at the landscape level because that is where national-level visions, objectives, and policies meet with local practice, priorities, and actions. Concrete and practical guidance on how to effectively put a multi-stakeholder transformative governance process into practice is missing. Through the Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded ‘Food Systems, Land Use and Restoration Impact Programme’, led by the World Bank, countries are supported in integrated landscape management (ILM) to ensure that production systems are embedded within wider landscapes to safeguard the natural capital and ecosystem services on which they depend. A customised methodology to assess and measure the effectiveness of ILM-relevant multi-stakeholder transformative governance, incorporating rights-based planning and tenure aspects, has been developed that makes governance explicit in the ILM process. This methodology aims to improve landscape-level institutional coordination, coherence, and collaboration through enhanced horizontal and vertical coordination and network dynamics. The conceptual framework of the customised methodology and how to operationalise it are explained and illustrated with the application in the country projects in Kenya, Nigeria, and Viet Nam. Making transformative governance explicit within the ILM process at the landscape level will require investments in time and capabilities, but allows governance to act as a catalyst towards more sustainable pathways.

Participation in Energy Transitions: A Comparison of Policy Styles

Stakeholder and public participation in policymaking for energy transitions is one of the most promising approaches to fulfilling the promises of a democratic sustainability transition. Over the years, many studies have been published about concepts, methodologies, and empirical results of participatory approaches and implementations. In this paper, we focus on the compatibility of participatory processes with different policy styles of democratic governance. We conducted a systematic literature search comparing different concepts of democratic governance and applying them to public participation, in particular that associated with energy transitions. Our main objective in this paper is to link the requirements for a sustainable energy transition to governance processes and structures; we further aim to delineate suitable formats for stakeholder and public participation. Our analysis provides a basis for a wide-ranging and multi-perspective research agenda that promises to provide a deeper understanding and explanation of complex governance arrangements for energy transitions. The five democratic policy styles that we selected for this review are: autocratic, adversarial, collaborative, reflexive, and inclusive governance. We conclude that none are adequate on their own, and so we put forth a novel hybrid we call the “mediative approach.” From this approach, we derive a new research framework for addressing the current challenges of democratic decision-making in energy transitions. Three pressing questions emerge, one relating to the interplay of top-down and bottom-up modes of governance; a second to the conditions for actor collaboration; and a third to the perception of democratic legitimacy by affected parties.

Local goal-based governance: A novel approach to environmental sustainability in China?

Abstract The recent emergence of goal-based governance at global scale may be considered as a new approach to enhance environmental sustainability at local level. This article examines how local goal-based governance actually unfolds with a focus on its fundamental features and effectiveness. We build a conceptual framework for local goal-based governance which consists of three key elements: nature of problem, setting the goals, and achieving the goals. It provides a set of theoretical propositions: 1) the problems with two defining features are more amendable to goal-setting strategies, 2) setting a specified, practical, and learning-focused goal structure as the key premise, 3) goal attainment is built around a campaign-mode experimentation to try and find out locally appropriate approaches, a double-layered engagement between civil society and statutory institutions, and a system to track the goals through quantitative and qualitative measures. Based on semi-structured interviews and documents analysis, we adopt a case study of Chinese local waste management to test the theory and explain the unique process of local goal-based governance. This article also discusses how local goal-based governance differs from the traditional rule-based governance and further explores how these two governance strategies interact with each other to realize local changes. We highlight two complementary effects: enabling and compensating. Local goal-based governance has unique strengths to compensate for the weakness of rule-based system in promoting civic engagement; and meanwhile rule-based governance creates favorable social conditions within which local goal-based governance is initiated and developed. The inherent limitations of local goal-based governance are also discussed.

Problems of Good Governance in Managing Indonesia’s Borderland: The Case of Entikong Subdistrict

The present study explores the good governance processes of border management in Entikong Subdistrict. The Entikong Subdistrict in West Kalimantan is a priority district that receives special attention from Indonesian central and local governments. The Entikong border post started operating in 1989, making it the first land border in Indonesia. Nevertheless, despite its aged history and many development efforts within the area, the economic growth and welfare of the border community remained stagnant. The data for this article were collected through a field work in Entikong for four months in 2022 in which we conducted observation, interviews, and focus group discussion with local residents and government officers. This study reveals that good governance became the focal issue explaining Entikong’s lack of development by providing two problems in the border development at Entikong: 1) the government’s inconsistency on the road widening project and 2) the complexity of governance and bureaucracy. This paper further elaborates on the essence of locality in good governance practices while simultaneously addressing the authority division problems and communication towards the demands of the local community. This study argues that better public communication patterns should be implemented to avoid misunderstandings within the community and increase the participation of local citizens, government, and civil society in the development process of the border area.

Community Engagement in Local Governance

Community engagement in local governance is crucial for effective and inclusive decision-making. Lack of Awareness and Information has been found that limited knowledge can have its community members may not fully understand the governance processes or their rights and responsibilities. Information gaps have been found that the insufficient information about local issues and decision-making processes can hinder meaningful participation. Low Participation Rates have been found that apathy and disinterest is that some community members may be disengaged due to a lack of trust in the system or a perception that their participation will not make a difference. Barriers to access has been found that the physical, economic, or social barriers may prevent certain groups from participating, such as the elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged. During the initial phase (2008-2013) of the Local Governance and Community Development Program (LGCDP) in Nepal, social mobilization emerged as one of its most effective components. Approximately 1 million citizens actively influenced local government decisions, leading many local bodies to develop annual plans that more accurately addressed the needs of citizens, particularly marginalized and disadvantaged groups. However, there remain several lessons to be learned in addressing the challenges of implementation. It is crucial to harmonize local social mobilization efforts and enhance the quality and support of social mobilization initiatives across Nepal. Addressing the challenges of community engagement in local governance involves a multifaceted approach that includes enhancing communication, building capacity, fostering inclusivity, and ensuring accountability. Public education campaigns have been found to Conduct outreach programs to educate community members about their rights, governance processes, and how they can participate. Workshops and training have been identified to offer workshops and training sessions to increase understanding of local governance and decision-making procedures. Diverse engagement channels have to utilize multiple platforms for engagement, including town hall meetings, online forums, surveys, and community events, to reach a broader audience. Inclusive scheduling has to schedule meetings and events at times that are convenient for different community groups, including evenings and weekends.

Frontier AI developers need an internal audit function.

This article argues that frontier artificial intelligence (AI) developers need an internal audit function. First, it describes the role of internal audit in corporate governance: internal audit evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of a company's risk management, control, and governance processes. It is organizationally independent from senior management and reports directly to the board of directors, typically its audit committee. In the Institute of Internal Auditors' Three Lines Model, internal audit serves as the third line and is responsible for providing assurance to the board, whereas the combined assurance framework highlights the need to coordinate the activities of internal and external assurance providers. Next, the article provides an overview of key governance challenges in frontier AI development: Dangerous capabilities can arise unpredictably and undetected; it is difficult to prevent a deployed model from causing harm; frontier models can proliferate rapidly; it is inherently difficult to assess frontier AI risks; and frontier AI developers do not seem to follow best practices in risk governance. Finally, the article discusses how an internal audit function could address some of these challenges: Internal audit could identify ineffective risk management practices; it could ensure that the board of directors has a more accurate understanding of the current level of risk and the adequacy of the developer's risk management practices; and it could serve as a contact point for whistleblowers. But frontier AI developers should also be aware of key limitations: Internal audit adds friction; it can be captured by senior management; and the benefits depend on the ability of individuals to identify ineffective practices. In light of rapid progress in AI research and development, frontier AI developers need to strengthen their risk governance. Instead of reinventing the wheel, they should follow existing best practices. Although this might not be sufficient, they should not skip this obvious first step.

Improving Productivity and Reducing Costs in an IT Service Provider: Applying the Lean Six Sigma Methodology

Objective: to present the use of the Six Sigma framework as a framework for IT Governance, in a multinational company that operates in the market of IT outsourcing services, with a view to assisting in the improvement of productivity, in its consequent significant reduction of costs and a better operational performance in the processes of the company providing outsourced IT services. Theoretical Framework: The study addresses concepts of the Lean philosophy, as well as the Six Sigma framework and the marriage of Lean and Six Sigma as a way to obtain advantages from the application of its methods, meeting the needs of the organization. Method: In this study, quantitative and qualitative methods were used from a descriptive research. A literature review and associated issues were carried out and a case study was applied from the results obtained through a project in a large multinational company that provides IT outsourcing services. Outcome and Discussion: The combination of Six Sigma with the business process offered the company an opportunity for cost reduction and improved its competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive and quality-driven market. Regarding the implementation of the incident governance process, a reduction of 24% was obtained; Regarding actions to reduce the number of overtime, a reduction of 40% was obtained. A total monthly reduction of US$ 5,589 was obtained and annually the reduction amount plus benefits reached US$ 67,068. Research Implications: Research contributes to the improvement of quality and significant cost reduction with the application of the Six Sigma framework, properly tested and demonstrated in an organization. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by using the Six Sigma framework as a framework for IT Governance in order to help improve productivity with consequent significant cost reduction and better operational performance in the processes of an outsourced IT service provider. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the demonstration of the benefits obtained in the environment of the company under analysis.

Global Social Movements and the Governance of the Firm: Past, Present, and Future

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe objective of this special issue (SI) is to galvanize research that examines the impact of different kinds of global social movements (GSMs) on the practice of international corporate governance.Research Findings/InsightsThe articles included in this SI provide unique insights into how various GSMs, including the feminist, #blacklivesmatter, and climate movements, influence and are influenced by corporate governance actors and practices across different institutional contexts.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsExecutives and boards face increasing pressures to make corporate decisions that consider the demands emerging from different GSMs. This SI uncovers how and why some social movements weigh heavier in corporate decision‐making. This SI uncovers the implications of GSMs for corporate governance actors and processes in different institutional contexts.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsEquipped with the power of the internet, recent social movements have become more global in character. The rising power, reach, and prominence of large corporations have made them a common target of GSMs that aim to influence not only societal values but also corporate values. The articles in this SI provide useful insights into how GSMs engage with corporations and corporate actors and assess their impact on the governance of the firm in different countries.

Gender and Political Leadership in Samoa: Fiame Naomi Mata‘afa and the 2021 Election

ABSTRACT The election of Fiame Naomi Mata‘afa to the office of prime minister of Samoa has attracted attention on the grounds that it represents a victory for women across the Pacific region. But there is limited gendered analysis of her campaign and the highly contested formation of government process that followed. We fill that gap. Drawing on a range of empirical material, including interviews with Fiame, we argue that while her win was unequivocally one for women, she was not elected because she was a woman. We acknowledge that gender had some significance for the way she mobilized support, but find that her traditional status, experience, and the salience of the issues on which she campaigned were much more important in the minds of voters. These findings matter because the disjuncture between the dynamics of domestic politics and international commentary can be perceived as reinforcing the claim that a feminist agenda is being ‘imposed’ by outsiders.

Development and Evaluation of the Telehealth in Motor Neuron Disease System: The TIME Study Protocol.

For more responsive care provision for motor neuron disease and caregivers, a digital system called Telehealth in MND-Care (TiM-C) was created. TiM-C sends regular symptom questionnaires to users; their responses are sent to health care professionals (HCPs). To enable people with motor neuron disease to participate in research studies more easily, a parallel platform was developed from TiM-C, called Telehealth in MND-Research (TiM-R). TiM-R can advertise studies, collect data, and make them available to MND researchers. This study has 4 work packages (WPs) to facilitate service approval, codevelop the TiM systems, and evaluate the service. Each WP aims to understand (1) what helps and hinders the approval of the TiM-C system as a National Health Service; (2) what aspects of MND care and research are currently unmet and can be addressed through the TiM-C and TiM-R systems; (3) how TiM-C influences MND care, from the perspective of people with motor neuron disease, their caregivers, and HCPs; and (4) the costs and benefits associated with TiM-C. WP1 will use semistructured interviews with 10-15 people involved in the approval of TiM-C to understand the barriers and facilitators to governance processes. WP2 will use individual and group interviews with 25-35 users (people with motor neuron disease, caregivers, HCPs, MND researchers, and industry) of TiM-C and TiM-R to understand the current unmet needs of these user groups and how TiM services can be developed to meet these needs. WP3 will use a process evaluation involving 5 elements; local context, engagement, user experiences, service impact, and mechanisms of action. A range of methods, including audits, analysis of routine data, questionnaires, interviews, and observations will be used with people with motor neuron disease, caregivers, and HCPs, both those using the system and those who declined the service when invited. WP4 will use data collected through the process evaluation and known costs to conduct a cost-consequence and budget impact analysis to explore the cost-benefit of the TiM-C service. Most data collected will be qualitative, with thematic and framework analysis used to develop themes from transcripts and observations. Descriptive statistics or t tests and chi-square tests will be used to describe and analyze quantitative data. This study has received ethical approval and has begun recruitment in 1 site. Further, 13 specialist MND centers will adopt TiM-C and the TIME study, beginning in July 2024. The study will conclude in November 2026 and a final report will be produced 3 months after the completion date. This study will facilitate the implementation and development of TiM-C and TiM-R and fully evaluate the TiM-C service, enabling informed decision-making among health care providers regarding continued involvement and contribute to the wider literature relating to how technology-enabled care services can affect clinical care. DERR1-10.2196/57685.

Analysis of good practices of social impact measurement: the social balance sheet developed by the Spanish network of the social and solidarity economy

Purpose This study aims to analyse the good practices developed by the Spanish Social and Solidarity Network (one of the leading networks in the country) regarding its social balance sheet, created under the perspective of social and solidarity principles. This social balance sheet is implemented by its members for their self-evaluation. Design/methodology/approach By using a qualitative methodology based on triangulation, which includes a semi-structured interview with the manager of the social audit commission, the main good practices associated with this initiative of social impact measurement are attained. Moreover, two organisations implementing the social balance sheet have been analysed to obtain a complete perspective of the tool and the process developed by the network. Findings The main findings include: the social balance sheet dimensions are based on the social and solidarity principles, which enable companies to analyse the compliance of their activity with their philosophy; cooperation is crucial for the success of the tool; the efforts made by the network involve a range of different behaviours, all shared and published on social networks and the internet for free to diffuse the good practices of social impact measurement. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature on social entrepreneurship and social impact measurement by analysing the good practices regarding a social balance sheet, designed under the social and solidarity philosophy, whose procedure can serve as a reference for any other representative institutions or practitioners. From this view, this initiative can be considered a social innovation itself since it constitutes a step towards transforming society through the quantification of business activity from a more social perspective and through a process of participative governance by all the stakeholders involved.

Aristotle's Theory and Nepali Politics

This paper encompasses the concept of aristocracy and its significance in current Nepalese politics. How the popular Nepalese politicians and their respective political parties have failed to execute the principles of political science that teaches the process of governance in a polity. This article is based on the secondary data collected from both print and electronic versions. The research has been grounded on critical and analytical approach to look into the political figures who control and affect Nepalese politics. Most of the items of information in this paper have been anecdotal and they hold significance in the contemporary Nepalese politics.