Data Interpretation Process Research Articles

LUKB: Preparing Local UK Biobank Data for Analysis

Abstract Motivation The UK Biobank data holds immense potential for human health research. However, the complex data preparation and interpretation processes often act as barriers for researchers, diverting them from their core research questions. Results We developed LUKB, an R Shiny-based web tool that simplifies UK Biobank data prepara-tion by automating these pre-processing tasks. LUKB reduces pre-processing time and integrates functions for initial data exploration, allowing researchers to dedicate more time to their scientific en-deavors. Detailed deployment and usage can be found in the supplementary data. Availability and implementation LUKB is freely available at https://github.com/HaiGenBuShang/LUKB.

FLUEnT: Transformer for detecting lung consolidations in videos using fused lung ultrasound encodings

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children around the world. According to WHO, a total of 740,180 lives under the age of five were lost due to pneumonia in 2019. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be particularly useful for supporting the diagnosis of pneumonia in children and reducing mortality in resource-limited settings. The wide application of point-of-care ultrasound at the bedside is limited mainly due to a lack of training for data acquisition and interpretation. Artificial Intelligence can serve as a potential tool to automate and improve the LUS data interpretation process, which mainly involves analysis of hyper-echoic horizontal and vertical artifacts, and hypo-echoic small to large consolidations. This paper presents, Fused Lung Ultrasound Encoding-based Transformer (FLUEnT), a novel pediatric LUS video scoring framework for detecting lung consolidations using fused LUS encodings. Frame-level embeddings from a variational autoencoder, features from a spatially attentive ResNet-18, and encoded patient information as metadata combiningly form the fused encodings. These encodings are then passed on to the transformer for binary classification of the presence or absence of consolidations in the video. The video-level analysis using fused encodings resulted in a mean balanced accuracy of 89.3 %, giving an average improvement of 4.7 % points in comparison to when using these encodings individually. In conclusion, outperforming the state-of-the-art models by an average margin of 8 % points, our proposed FLUEnT framework serves as a benchmark for detecting lung consolidations in LUS videos from pediatric pneumonia patients.

Novel data interpretation method for DIII-D divertor retarding field energy analyzer with 3-D particle-in-cell simulations.

A novel data interpretation process that utilizes comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations is developed for the new retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) currently being constructed at DIII-D for the lower divertor using the Divertor Material Evaluation System. This probe is expected to survive a heat load of up to 100 MW/m2 for up to 5s and reliably measure the main ion temperature (Ti) on the divertor target ranging from 10 to 200 eV. These extreme conditions posed significant engineering limitations on the probe geometry, thus extensive validation work has been performed. The conventional fitting method for the RFEA I-V characteristics is based on a simplified 1-D model without considering the ion space charge inside the probe cavity and may not be sufficient for probes designed for the DIII-D divertor environment. In this article, a more realistic description of the particle propagation process within the RFEA cavity is achieved by including both 3-D geometric effects and ion space charge in the PIC simulations, and the capability to reconstruct the ion energy distribution functions is demonstrated with reasonable consistency.

성인여성의 학습공간 경험에 관한 질적 사례연구

Objectives This study attempts to understand the experiences of participants in learning spaces based on Lefebvre's perspective, which claims that space is produced, focusing on the problem of autonomous resistance against the homogenization of social space. The research questions are: Firstly, what is the meaning of the learning spaces experienced by the participants? Secondly, what social significance and impact do the participants' experiences in learning spaces have? Thirdly, what are the lifelong educational implications of participants' experiences in learning spaces? Methods The study participants consisted of three individuals living in the same area as the researcher and three participants from programs at the institution where the researcher works. The study was conducted from October 2022 to August 2023. To prevent any bias that might arise from the researcher's prior understanding of the participants, the researcher sought the review of a doctoral expert in lifelong education and a field specialist during the data analysis and interpretation process. Results The research findings are as follows: Firstly, participants were able to experience the joy of learning by having learning opportunities they had postponed in the learning space. Secondly, through their participation in the learning space, participants encouraged learning among local residents, contributing to the roots of social change. Thirdly, the learning space provided vitality through interaction with other participants and offered the potential for lifelong learning through continuous experiences. Conclusions It was revealed that the learning space created through the expansion of lifelong learning was reborn as another learning space through interaction with other people. Through this, learning takes place not only in specific spaces but also in everyday life, and learning spaces have the potential to have a positive impact on individuals and the community.

Enhancement of the MATISSE tool for the geological analysis of planetary surfaces: A study on central pit craters on Mercury

In this work we present the improved capabilities of MATISSE (Multi-purpose Advanced Tool for Instruments for the Solar System Exploration) tool which is now able to integrate geological maps and analyze specific data based on selected parameters (target, mission, instrument, geological units and area of interest). To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach we focused on “central pit” craters on Mercury, with particular regard to the ones exposed in the Hokusai, Victoria, and Derain quadrangles.The use of MATISSE for this application allowed us for an analysis of these morphologies, confirming a tendency for their location on volcanic terrains. The integrated research approach adopted in this study has proven to be a significant advantage in geological analysis, accelerating the process of data collection and interpretation. In conclusion, this study shows how the continuous evolution of scientific tools devoted to data handling and management based on FAIR principles, such as MATISSE, has the potential to open new perspectives in understanding planetary-scale geological processes.

Digitalisation and development policies to enhance cultural heritage in inland and marginal areas: a pilot study on the Gargano agritourism sector

Starting from the state of the art, it is possible to establish that currently the agritourism represents a peculiarity, as well as one of the driving forces, of the Italian tourism sector. The main purpose of this study is to investigate what is the status of digitalisation processes in the development policies of the agritourism sector, with particular reference to agritourism operators present in the inland and marginal areas of the Apulia region; therefore, preservation and enhancement of local cultural heritage are key priorities. The research question can be summarised as follows: how does digitalisation play a role in the development of the agritourism sector, particularly in inland and marginal territories? To this end, the study is based on pilot research and will refer to the territory of the Gargano National Park. The methodology provides for an empirical investigation conducted starting from a structured interview to investigate the sentiment of local agritourism operators towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The selection of operators and municipalities was randomised in order to obtain a more representative data. In the later stages of the research, interviews will be conducted with an equal number of operators per location. The data collection and interpretation process in the pilot study, while not allowing for broad statistical inferences, enable logical-formal inferences and preliminary reflections on the current dimension of the topic under investigation, as well as discussions on the state of the art based on the newly acquired data. This pilot study highlights an increasing interest and greater awareness of the importance of ICTs, such as Blockchain technology, in the tourism and agritourism sector of Gargano; however, there is also a significant lack of digital culture and limited knowledge of both the limitations and potential of digital technologies in the tourism industry. The practical implications of the present work are the following: enhancement of customer experience; operational efficiency; marketing and visibility; environmental sustainability. In this regard, emerging technologies and ICT, combined with the unique characteristics of the territory and the already strong tourist appeal of the Gargano and surrounding areas, will provide operators in the sector with an advantage in the national and international market and enter the mechanisms of Tourism 4.0, as indicated in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), hence paying particular attention to the UNWTO strategies and guidelines established during the G20 meeting of September 2022.

Dukun Adat sebagai Benteng Pendidikan Karakter Pemuda Desa Adat Tengger, Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang

This study aims to explore how the Tengger Indigenous community in Ngadas Village, Malang Regency, preserves their traditions amidst the challenges of modernization. The research employs a historical method, which includes four primary stages: (1) heuristic, involving the collection of data through books, journal articles, newspapers, as well as interviews and field observations; (2) verification, focusing on the credibility evaluation of sources by conducting source criticism; (3) interpretation, or the process of data interpretation; and (4) historiography, related to how the data is presented. The findings of this research highlight the crucial role of traditional healers as informal leaders who are responsible not only for religious rituals but also for addressing social issues in the community and educating the young generation with positive character values. The study concludes that traditional healers play a key role in integrating tradition with the changes of the times, and that the traditional farming practices of the Tengger community are not only their main source of livelihood but also a means to shield the community from the negative impacts of modernization.

CLAUDIO: automated structural analysis of cross-linking data.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry has made remarkable advancements in the high-throughput characterization of protein structures and interactions. The resulting pairs of cross-linked peptides typically require geometric assessment and validation, given the availability of their corresponding structures. CLAUDIO (Cross-linking Analysis Using Distances and Overlaps) is an open-source software tool designed for the automated analysis and validation of different varieties of large-scale cross-linking experiments. Many of the otherwise manual processes for structural validation (i.e. structure retrieval and mapping) are performed fully automatically to simplify and accelerate the data interpretation process. In addition, CLAUDIO has the ability to remap intra-protein links as inter-protein links and discover evidence for homo-multimers. CLAUDIO is available as open-source software under the MIT license at https://github.com/KohlbacherLab/CLAUDIO.

영아반 그림책 읽어주기 활동이 예비유아교사에게 주는 의미

This study sought to examine the meaning that the experience of reading picture books in the infant class gave to pre-service early childhood teachers. The subjects of this study are two public daycare centers located in Nam-gu, G Metropolitan City, and classes for 1-2 year olds. The study participants were 10 first to third grade students attending the Department of Early Childhood Education at G University. Data analysis was conducted through the process of data integration, domain analysis, data classification, and interpretation of classified content based on the collected journals of pre-service early childhood teachers. As a result of the study, the meaning of the experience of pre-service early childhood teachers' picture book reading activities for infants was categorized into ‘the joy of novelty and challenge in the role of teacher’, ‘gift-like interaction time with infants’, ‘growth and development’, and ‘confidence through self-reflection’. In this way, activities linked to the early childhood education field provide prospective early childhood teachers with the ability to understand infants and recognize their value. In the process of preparing and executing the activity, infant development and developmental characteristics related to the activity are connected and analyzed after the activity. This can be an experience that supports the improvement of one's teaching abilities and allows one to develop into a better teacher. In this context, field-linked activities can be said to be an effective means that can have an effective and positive impact on the teacher training process and foster teachers with practical capabilities.

Brief Commentary: Using a Logic Model to Integrate Public Health Informatics Into Refinements of Public Health Surveillance System

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a watershed moment in public health surveillance, highlighting the crucial role of data-driven insights in informing health actions and policies. Revisiting key concepts— public health, epidemiology in public health practice, public health surveillance, and public health informatics—lays the foundation for understanding how these elements converge to create a robust public health surveillance system framework. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, this integration was exemplified by the WHO efforts in data dissemination and the subsequent global response. The role of public health informatics emerged as instrumental in this context, enhancing data collection, management, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination processes. A logic model for public health surveillance systems encapsulates the integration of these concepts. It outlines the inputs and outcomes and emphasizes the crucial actions and resources for effective system operation, including the imperative of training and capacity development.

Application of micro-substance tracer test in fractured horizontal wells

This paper delves into a novel micro-substance tracer test in fractured horizontal well C-15. The experimental results are highly encouraging as they demonstrate that the trace material tracer is capable of satisfying the testing demands, even when there are large numbers of fracturing stages involved. Data interpretation process involved dividing the test duration into two stages-fluid flowback period and stable production period. The tracer test data were employed to analyze the production profile of the well. The findings made it evident that the primary production stage underwent alterations in different production stages. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity pertaining to each fracturing stage was characterized by employing the residence time distribution method. It was observed that the Lorentz coefficient lying between the primary production stage and the remaining fracturing stages ranged from 0.46 to 0.68. This study expands the application of the residence time distribution method for evaluating tracer testing. Through a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneity data within the fracturing stages and the production dynamics of the well, the effectiveness of the fracturing process can be assessed. This research enables reservoir operators to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of test wells, ultimately leading to increased production efficiency.

Social Harmony in Diversity

SMA Negeri 1 exemplifies an institution where individuals live harmoniously, peacefully, and in alignment with the institution’s goals. This study aims to describe the “Model of Multicultural Islamic Education Development to Achieve Social Harmony at SMA Negeri 1 Tuban.” The study employs a qualitative research approach using a case study method. Data collection techniques include participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is based on Robert K. Yin’s methodology, which involves the application of research themes through research questions, research propositions, data and data interpretation processes, unit of analysis, and naturalistic generalization. After presenting the data, it is analyzed through various academic disciplines, including religious studies, philosophy, anthropology, and socio-psychology. The research findings indicate that the model of multicultural Islamic education at SMA Negeri 1 Tuban encompasses five key components: analysis of religious conflicts, institutional policies, development of curriculum materials integrated with multicultural Islamic values, preparation of educators with an understanding of multicultural Islamic education values, and evaluation of the implementation of these values through context, input, process, and product assessments. This comprehensive approach ensures that the objectives and goals are clearly understood and achievable, thereby concluding the use of an integrated-comprehensive model based on social harmony.

Assessing Progress in Nutrition: Proposing a Sub-district Tool for Monitoring and Governance

A lot of data is collected at state, district, block, and village levels across India as part of the monitoring and evaluation process for various government schemes ongoing in the country. Under the department of Women and Child Development in Karnataka a lot of data on children under 6 years of age and pregnant and lactating women is collected by Aanganwadi workers in the state. Although the current process of data collection, its analysis and interpretation require much more fiscal and human investment, it continues to generate large amounts of data. Interpretation of these data occur largely at the national and sub-national levels ignoring district and sub-district level variations in health and nutrition indices. Rarely are the results of this data analysis shared with district and sub-district level officials as they are not involved in policy formation. These officials also do not have training in data analysis and its interpretation and hence unable to use the vast sets of information available to them. This article is an effort to develop a monitoring and evaluation tool that uses easily available, taluk level data, from various sources to compute a cumulative nutrition index that can serve as a dipstick for monitoring nutrition status by block/district level officials.

INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY AND COVID-19 FEAR IN HOTEL EMPLOYEE

The coronavirus pandemic, which rapidly spread from China's Wuhan region to the rest of the world, subsequently reached our country. The World Health Organization and national health ministries implemented various measures to manage this pandemic, resulting in sudden and unforeseen changes in people's daily lives. While certain sectors transitioned to remote work through online platforms, the service industry, particularly the tourism sector, faced short-term uncertainty. Consequently, hotel employees became one of the groups most severely affected by the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to examine the levels of tolerance to uncertainty and the perception of COVID-19 fear among hotel employees in the Manavgat district of Antalya, while also comparing these factors based on participants' demographic characteristics. A total of 313 participants were included in the quantitative analysis conducted for this study. The data was collected from hotel employees using a questionnaire. The data interpretation process involved the utilization of frequency values, percentages, parametric comparison analyses, and correlation analysis. Based on the findings derived from these analyses and with the aid of relevant literature, recommendations were formulated for the sector and future research endeavors.

Directly-digitized pulsed eddy current based quantification of aluminum sheet thickness

Direct interfacing technique (DIT) eradicates additional circuit requirements for sensor-embedded system interface and digitization of analog signals. This technique provides advantages in designing an efficient, portable, and low-cost sensor system. Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) systems are used for thickness and defect measurements of conductive materials. Circuitous sensor-interfacing methods and tedious data interpretation processes make PECT systems inapt for miniaturization and portable applications. In this work, DIT is used in conjunction with PECT for thickness estimation of conductive material. Change in the de-energizing time of a single coil probe with sample thickness, with respect to air, is used as a signal. The curve fitting method yields a maximum relative error of ≈2% in the thickness estimation. Effects of temperature and liftoff on system accuracy are also investigated. A liftoff compensation method using a 3-signal data group is proposed. It is shown that for thicknesses in the range of 0.508 mm–3.175 mm and liftoffs up to 3.000 mm (step size: 0.500 mm), the proposed scheme produces a maximum relative error of 5.2%. The DIT and PECT combination can be applied for different structural eddy current testing in the future.

Peran Lembaga Pengembangan Tilawatil Qur;an Kecamatan Bandar Masilam dalam Membentuk Peserta Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an

LPTQ is an institution or forum that functions to broadcast the Koran in people's lives. One of the programs implemented by LPTQ is Musababaqah Tilawatil Quran or commonly known as MTQ. With the implementation of MTQ, it can arouse the enthusiasm of the community and young people in Bandar Masilam District in reading, understanding and practicing the Koran in everyday life. So as to make the community and younger generations who are Quranic, so that quality Musabaqah participants are formed. This research aims to find out how the role of LPTQ and the constraints experienced by LPTQ in carrying out its programs. This study used field research methods, in which the writer went directly to the field to find the necessary data according to the problem under study, processed through the process of data collection, data classification and data interpretation using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the Bandar Masilam District LPTQ has a very large influence on people's lives. LPTQ Bandar Masilam Subdistrict makes every effort to carry out its duties. LPTQ collaborates with Koran teachers, Koran agencies, schools, and the local government to make it easier for them to carry out their duties. However, LPTQ Bandar Masilam Subdistrict cannot be said to be growing rapidly, however LPTQ Bandar Masilam Subdistrict has experienced good changes every year as seen from the several achievements of the participants of the musabaqah which have increased. The obstacles experienced were funding constraints and human resource constraints.

Supply Chain Management Practices and Quality Performance of Butaro Level II Teaching Hospital

This study aimed to evaluate Butaro Hospital's supply chain management practices and quality performance. Study's goals were to evaluate the impact of procurement of health commodities processes on quality performance, to assess the effects of storage and distribution of health commodities processes on quality performance and to determine the role of electronic logistics management information system (e-LMIS) on quality performance of Butaro Hospital. A descriptive research design carried out, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data, study's design directed the data collection, analysis, and interpretation processes. Sample size of the study made up with 62 respondents were selected by using a census sampling method from the five different departments which are concerned with hospital supply chain management practices and quality performance of Butaro Hospital. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0 for descriptive analysis and inferential statistics analysis, thematic analysis was applied to data captured from interviews. Findings shows that procurement of health commodities and quality performance are positively correlated, as shown by a positive coefficient; this relationship is statistically significant (p=0.0220.05). One-unit increase in the procurement of health commodities will result in a quality performance score of (0.119). Probability is (p=0.440.05), which indicated that there is a positive correlation between distribution and storage of health commodities on quality performance. (e-LMIS) has a statistically significant positive correlation on quality performance, with a probability of (p=0.0000.05) and a contribution to quality performance of (0.807). Quality performance of Butaro Hospital changes by 0.109 due to an increase of one unit. Study concluded that supply chain management practices have a positive impact on quality performance of Butaro hospital, by ensuring the availability of medicines at the dispensing points, ensuring the effective services delivery and promotes Hospital’s performance in general. It recommended that Butaro Hospital should improve internet connectivity availability in order to provide better services delivery and to be able to navigate and efficiently use (e-LMIS) system in health supply chain cycle. And that the Hospital should invest in the storage facilities and have a required enough storage space together with required materials and equipment to promote a good storage practice (GSP). Keywords: Supply chain management, Quality performance, Butaro Level II Teaching Hospital, Healthcare logistics, Inventory management.

Reframing Bilingual Acquisition and Theory: An Insider Perspective Through a Translanguaging Lens.

This exploratory study developed a process for reinterpreting previously published research studies in the bilingual literature. Three previously published studies on bilingual phonological acquisition were revisited due to the following characteristics: (a) they applied a theoretical framework for bilingual speech production developed by white bilingual researchers, the dual-systems hypothesis, and (b) project data were interpreted without the input and perspective of researchers representative of the community being studied. This study aims to provide a guide for the readership to reinterpret developmental speech and language studies on bilingual children through (a) the theoretical framework of translanguaging, which was developed by minoritized bilingual scholars and members of the community being studied, and (b) community Insider lenses, or the perspectives of research team members whose lived linguistic experiences match those of the target population studied. Original interpretations of data were reexamined and reinterpreted incorporating (a) a research team member from the target community and (b) a novel theoretical lens developed by members of the target community called translanguaging. Original findings were extended through the application of translanguaging as a theoretical lens. New interpretations of original data were uncovered when a researcher from the Latinx community was involved in the data interpretation process. New insights were gained on phonological acquisition in bilingual Spanish-English-speaking preschoolers by applying a reinterpretation framework. Differences in data interpretation reveal that translanguaging may improve understanding of languaging in bilingual/multilingual communities. Implications for development of representative research teams when examining minoritized pediatric populations are also discussed.

Definition of occult hypoperfusion in trauma: A systematic literature review

Occult hypoperfusion (OH) entails inadequate tissue oxygenation in the presence of normal vital signs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that this phenomenon is associated with impaired outcome and increased mortality, however definitions of OH differ between studies. The aim of the current study was to identify and evaluate the published definitions of the term `occult hypoperfusion` in trauma (tOH). A review of literature was performed using the Medline database. The following MeSH terms have been used: occult hypoperfusion, severe trauma, polytrauma, resuscitation. Clinical studies on OH were included and utilized definitions have been compared. A predefined data-interpretation process was applied to create an integrative definition for tOH. A total of 43 publications used the term OH. A definition of OH was provided in 16 manuscripts. A pooled mean number of participants of 729 (SD: 1158) was found per study. The majority of manuscripts combine multiple parameters for inadequate tissue oxygenation and normal vital signs to define OH in trauma. In 12 manuscripts, specific cut-off values for hemodynamic parameters (SBP/PR/UP) and in 11/16 papers exact metabolic thresholds (lactate/B.E) were defined. The following definition best integrates definitions in current literature: Lactate > 2mmol/l or BE <-3mmol/l (to define inadequate oxygenation) plus SBP > 90mmHg and PR < 120bpm (to define normal macroperfusion). The current systematic review demonstrates that definitions of occult hypoperfusion in trauma differ in the literature. The following comprehensive definition for (tOH) is proposed: Lactate > 2mmol/l or BE <-3mmol/l plus SBP > 90mmHg and PR < 120bpm. This recommendation appears to represent current literature on tOH and may improve the identification of trauma patients at risk for OH and related complicated courses. Further validation studies are required to demonstrate the clinical role of tOH and the proposed definition.

Logistic regression in cancer research: A narrative review of the concept, analysis, and interpretation

Logistic regression is a fundamental statistical technique employed in predictive modeling. It transforms a linear combination of input variables into a probability value, allowing the available data to predict the likelihood of an event occurring. Interpretation involves understanding the coefficients of the model, odds ratios, and the impact of predictor variables on the outcome. Various performance metrics, such as the receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve, and R-squared (measure of the percentage of total variation in the dependent variable that is accounted for by the independent variable), aid in assessing the model accuracy. We conducted an extensive search in the PubMed database for relevant articles published in English between January 2013 and August 2023 using the keywords, “logistic regression,” “binary logistic regression,” “logistic regression in cancer research,” “logistic regression analysis,” and “logistic regression result interpretation.” Of the 118 articles retrieved by the original search, we excluded 103 and included 15 in the review; we manually added six more articles considered classic examples of logistic regression and regression statistics. The review encompasses a wide spectrum of cancer research applications, from tumor classification and prognosis to risk assessment and response prediction. The article takes a step-by-step approach, guiding readers through the data preparation, model construction, and interpretation processes in the context of logistic regression.