Data Interpretation Process Research Articles

Exploring Factors Influencing Preservice Physical Education Teachers’ Value Orientations during the Teacher Education Program

The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing preservice physical education teachers (PTs)’ value orientations during their teacher education program. Six participants enrolled in the final student teaching semester were selected to collect qualitative data from formal and informal interviews and writing assignments. The constant comparison was used to analyze all coding data (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). The constant comparison using the open, axial, and selective coding is concerned with the inductive generation and suggestion of categories with comparison of all data collected. This study took a couple of steps such as triangulation, member check, prolonged engagement to increase the trustworthiness of data as reliable and valid during the process of data collection and interpretation. The coding process led to the emergence of two primary themes such as professional socialization and organizational socialization. First of all, the professional socialization theme captured the course work and teacher educators followed by the teacher education program PTs encounter prior to the course of student teaching in relation to their value orientation. The professional socialization theme identifies how PTs’ experiences in leaning to teach physical education, prior to student teaching, influenced them to form their value orientations, mainly DM, LP, EI. Second, the organizational socialization theme that emerged discusses ‘cooperating teachers’ connected with ‘observing lessons’ and ‘working together’ as well as ‘contextual factors’ such as ‘student behavior/attitude’ and ‘learning ability’, ‘class schedule’, and ‘school levels’ as potential facilitators or barriers to PTs’ value orientations. In the organizational socialization theme, the PTs were influenced by the overall value orientations. In discussion, implications for PETE are provided to prepare PTs to design and implement a balanced curriculum based on the five national standards for K-12 physical education.

Innovation of Utilization of Materials Research and Development Results in the Framework of Fulfilling the Defense Equipment of the Indonesian Army (Case Study of Battlefield Management System)

This study aims to map policy innovations downstream of material R&D results, especially the Battlefield Management System (BMS) in fulfilling the independent and modern defense equipment of the Indonesian Army. This research was conducted using a qualitative method and a case study strategy. The determination of the research location is based on the existence of phenomena in research and development activities carried out within the Indonesian Army. This study used qualitative research methods to explain the research problem in-depth. Determination of informants/resource persons based on purposive sampling resulted in six people consisting of officials who formulate the R&D policies of the Indonesian Army, officials from elements of R&D activities implementing the Battlefield Management System, elements from domestic defense industry actors in the R&D activities of the Battlefield Management System, as well as elements from researchers/teachers and military observers from non-governmental organizations. Furthermore, the data analysis was carried out based on the theories and concepts of public policy and then the data interpretation process was carried out. The result of this study is the public policy innovations in realizing downstream policies. BMS is the result of innovation which is proven to meet the 13 determinants of innovation. Downstream policies play a role in realizing BMS products in the fulfillment of the defense equipment of the Indonesian Army. BMS is a modern defense equipment of the Indonesian Army, fulfilling aspects of complexity, technological progress and speed. Although not-yet fully realized due to the not-yet optimal of the triple helix policy, BMS products based on independence still face problems that there are still conflict of interests, research funding, production costs and indications of weak political will of the Indonesian Army to use domestic products. Recommendations from this research are the need for prioritization, continuous and consistent budgeting and procurement (mass production) and budgeting for superior material R&D results as a form of reward. In addition, there is a need for policies and regulations that can protect the products of material R&D against the competitiveness of similar products from abroad.

Wood burning stoves, participatory sensing, and ‘cold, stark data’

Wood burning stoves triple levels of particulate matter pollution inside the home. Using an exploratory research design informed by coping theory, this study illustrates how sensors revealing this reality fail to influence the perceptions and behaviours of stove users. After four weeks of participatory sensing, where laypersons used sensors to identify indoor air quality during stove use, the results show how monitoring technology pulls wider preconceptions into the data interpretation process. When faced with numerical data perceived as ambiguous, users draw on preconceptions that frame stoves in a positive light and make comparisons with other indoor emission sources believed to be harmless. This influences the data interpretation process and minimises the threat indicated by sensor technology. It is recommended that participatory sensing research give greater consideration to the role of data presentation in influencing user behaviour, while being more attentive to how socio-cultural knowledges enter the process of interpretation.

Konsep Pendidikan Islam Dalam Al-Qur’an Surat Lukman

This qualitative research with the aim of: 1) To know understanding, the principles of Islamic education methods and materials about the concept of Islamic education 2) To express a review of the concept of Islamic education, the sources of study based on Al-Qur'an and As-Sunah are both is a guide for Muslims to reach mardlotillah (Ridho Allah). The research uses a qualitative approach of type of literature research method (Librari Research) and the steps taken are 1) Reviewing the books of science education, Islamic education, the books relevant to the discussion 2) Sorting (reduction) 3) Data grouping 4) Check the validity of the data. The process of data interpretation is done after the examination phase of the data. Interpretation of data and writing of research results by using inductive descriptive analysis. Based on document analysis, the research results show that the authors prepare the materials to be discussed from the books and books relevant to the issues to be discussed, both primary and secondary. Primary sources are books or books that deal with education, both in general education and religious education. The secondary sources are books or books that do not specifically address education but have something to do with the discussion. That Islam is a plenary religion that regulates all aspects of human life including in it religious education in children should follow the concepts that are shown by Allah and His Messenger that is through the holy book (Al-Qur'an) and the Sunnah of His Apostle, in this case means making the Messenger of Allah as the ideal model in an effort to realize the concepts that exist in the Qur'an. Although the Qur'an and As-Sunna have been so firmly obliged to follow it but still there are among Muslim parents who have not made the Qur'an and As-Sunah as a guide in educating their children. Problems arise how our efforts to the concept of Islamic education must be implemented in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
 Keywords: Concept, Islamic Education, Child Education, Qs. Lukman 12-

Alert threshold assessment based on equivalent displacements for the identification of potentially critical landslide events

Over the past years, the growing number of natural hazards all over the world has led to an increasing focus on activities aimed at studying and controlling the occurrence of these phenomena. In this context, monitoring systems have become a fundamental component for Landslide Early Warning Systems, allowing to understand the evolution of these processes and assess the need for dedicated mitigation measures. This result is achieved thanks to several technological advancements that led to the introduction of more accurate and reliable sensors, as well as automatic procedures for data acquisition and elaboration. However, despite these improvements, the data interpretation process is still a challenging task, in particular when it comes to the identification of critical events and failure forecasting operations. This paper presents a methodology developed to assess if a potentially critical event is displaying a significant deviation from previously sampled data, or if it could be classified as a false alarm. The process relies on the definition of a threshold value based on the landslide behavior preceding the event of interest. In particular, the reference value derives from the evaluation of equivalent displacements, defined as the displacements previously observed in a time interval equal to the one showed by the potentially critical event. This paper reports a series of examples referring to different case studies, involving both false alarms and real collapses, underlining the effectiveness of the proposed model as a useful tool to evaluate the landslide behavior with a near-real-time approach.

PENERAPAN KONSELING BEHAVIORISTIK TEKNIK KONTRAK PERILAKU UNTUK MENGATASI DISFUNGSIONAL PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK SISWA

The aims of this study are: 1. To find out the factors that cause dysfunctional academic procrastination in class XI Agribusiness Food Crops and Horticulture (ATPH 4) SMKN 1 Maja Academic Year 2020/2021. 2. Overcoming the dysfunctional academic procrastination of class XI (ATPH 4) students of SMKN 1 Maja for the 2020/2021 academic year.The type of research used in this research is case study research. The subjects studied were students of class XI (ATPH 4) VRS and RRS class XI of SMKN 1 Maja for the academic year 2020/2021 who experienced dysfunctional academic procrastination. The analysis used in this research is inductive analysis. The data analysis method in this study was carried out systematically starting from the process of data collection, clarification, description, and interpretation of each part.By using behavioristic counseling, behavioral contracting techniques can result in changes in the counselee's behavior to be able to start working on tasks, be able to complete tasks, be fast in doing assignments, and be able to collect assignments on time and prioritize doing tasks above other activities.

Metaphorical percepsions of secondary school students about root values

Bu çalışma ortaokul öğrencilerinin adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, öz denetim, sabır, sevgi, saygı, sorumluluk, vatanseverlik ve yardımseverlik kök değerlerine yönelik algılarını öğrenciler tarafından üretilen metaforlarla tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada veri toplama ve yorumlama sürecinde nitel araştırma yöntemleri desenlerinden biri olan olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2019- 2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin batısında yer alan bir ilin merkez ilçesinde üç ortaokulda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu olasılık temelli örnekleme yöntemlerinden tabaka örnekleme ile saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 500 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan açık uçlu sorular içeren yarı yapılandırılmış anket formu aracılığı ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada toplanan verilerin analiz edilmesi ve yorumlanması sürecinde nitel veri analizi yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Her bir kök değer için ortak kodlar ve kategoriler oluşturulmuş, ulaşılan bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre ortaokul öğrencilerinin en fazla metafor ürettikleri değer dostluk; kavram yanılgılarının en fazla olduğu, metafor üretmekte en fazla problem yaşadıkları değer öz denetim değeri olmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan ortaokul öğrencilerinin kök değerlere ilişkin algılarının genel anlamda olumlu olduğu ancak bir kısmının adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, sabır, sevgi, saygı, yardımseverlik değerlerine ilişkin olumsuz algılarının olduğu ve soyut kavramları açıklamada güçlük yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

REACT: Rapid Evaluation Assessment of Clinical Reasoning Tool.

IntroductionClinical reasoning encompasses the process of data collection, synthesis, and interpretation to generate a working diagnosis and make management decisions. Situated cognition theory suggests that knowledge is relative to contextual factors, and clinical reasoning in urgent situations is framed by pressure of consequential, time-sensitive decision-making for diagnosis and management. These unique aspects of urgent clinical care may limit the effectiveness of traditional tools to assess, teach, and remediate clinical reasoning.MethodsUsing two validated frameworks, a multidisciplinary group of clinicians trained to remediate clinical reasoning and with experience in urgent clinical care encounters designed the novel Rapid Evaluation Assessment of Clinical Reasoning Tool (REACT). REACT is a behaviorally anchored assessment tool scoring five domains used to provide formative feedback to learners evaluating patients during urgent clinical situations. A pilot study was performed to assess fourth-year medical students during simulated urgent clinical scenarios. Learners were scored using REACT by a separate, multidisciplinary group of clinician educators with no additional training in the clinical reasoning process. REACT scores were analyzed for internal consistency across raters and observations.ResultsOverall internal consistency for the 41 patient simulations as measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.86. A weighted kappa statistic was used to assess the overall score inter-rater reliability. Moderate reliability was observed at 0.56.DiscussionTo our knowledge, REACT is the first tool designed specifically for formative assessment of a learner’s clinical reasoning performance during simulated urgent clinical situations. With evidence of reliability and content validity, this tool guides feedback to learners during high-risk urgent clinical scenarios, with the goal of reducing diagnostic and management errors to limit patient harm.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-022-07513-5.

A stepwise data interpretation process for renal amyloidosis typing by LMD-MS

BackgroundsSystemic amyloidosis is classified according to the deposited amyloid fibril protein (AFP), which determines its best therapeutic scheme. The most common type of AFP found are immunoglobulin light chains. The laser microdissection combined with mass spectrometry (LMD-MS) technique is a promising approach for precise typing of amyloidosis, however, the major difficulty in interpreting the MS data is how to accurately identify the precipitated AFP from background.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study is to establish a complete data interpretation procedure for LMD-MS based amyloidosis typing.MethodsFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients with renal amyloidosis and non-amyloid nephropathies (including diabetic nephropathy, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and normal tissue adjacent to tumors) were analyzed by LMD-MS. Forty-two specimens were used to train the data interpretation procedure, which was validated by another 50 validation specimens. Area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) analysis of amyloid accompanying proteins (AAPs, including apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E and serum amyloid P-component) for discriminating amyloidosis from non-amyloid nephropathies was performed.ResultsA stepwise data interpretation procedure that includes or excludes the types of amyloidosis group by group was established. The involvement of AFPs other than immunoglobulin was determined by P-score, as well as immunoglobulin light chain by variable of λ-κ, and immunoglobulin heavy chain by H-score. This achieved a total of 88% accuracy in 50 validation specimens. The AAPs showed significantly different expression levels between amyloidosis specimens and non-amyloid nephropathies. Each of the single AAP had a AUROC value more than 0.9 for diagnosis of amyloidosis from non-amyloid control, and the averaged level of the three AAPs showed the highest AUROC (0.966), which might be an alternative indicator for amyloidosis diagnosis.ConclusionsThe proteomic data interpretation procedure for LMD-MS based amyloidosis typing was established successfully that has a high practicability in clinical application.

Interactive and Reproducible Workflows for Exploring and Modeling RNA-seq Data with pcaExplorer, Ideal, and GeneTonic.

The generation and interpretation of results from transcriptome profiling experiments via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be a complex task. While raw data quality control, alignment, and quantification can be streamlined via efficient algorithms that can deliver the preprocessed expression matrix, a common bottleneck in the analysis of such large datasets is the subsequent in-depth, iterative processes of data exploration, statistical testing, visualization, and interpretation. Specific tools for these workflow steps are available but require a level of technical expertise which might be prohibitive for life and clinical scientists, who are left with essential pieces of information distributed among different tabular and list formats. Our protocols are centered on the joint use of our Bioconductor packages (pcaExplorer, ideal, GeneTonic) for interactive and reproducible workflows. All our packages provide an interactive and accessible experience via Shiny web applications, while still documenting the steps performed with RMarkdown as a framework to guarantee the reproducibility of the analyses, reducing the overall time to generate insights from the data at hand. These protocols guide readers through the essential steps of Exploratory Data Analysis, statistical testing, and functional enrichment analyses, followed by integration and contextualization of results. In our packages, the core elements are linked together in interactive widgets that make drill-down tasks efficient by viewing the data at a level of increased detail. Thanks to their interoperability with essential classes and gold-standard pipelines implemented in the open-source Bioconductor project and community, these protocols will permit complex tasks in RNA-seq data analysis, combining interactivity and reproducibility for following modern best scientific practices and helping to streamline the discovery process for transcriptome data. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Exploratory Data Analysis with pcaExplorer Basic Protocol 2: Differential Expression Analysis with ideal Basic Protocol 3: Interpretation of RNA-seq results with GeneTonic Support Protocol: Downloading and installing pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonic Alternate Protocol: Using functions from pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonic in custom analyses.

Community Participation and Sustainability of Water Flow Project in Rwanda: A Case of Water and Sanitation Corporation in Bugesera District

The communities don’t get the opportunity of fully participating in their projects which is at the core cause of the failure and unsustainability of the most of the project conducted among communities. Thus, the researcher conducted a study to evaluate the role of community participation in sustainability of water flow project in Bugesera of Rwanda. This study used 268 respondents as the primary informants of this study but before actual time of data collection the researcher used 12 respondents to measure validity and reliability of the instrument and it found that CVI is above 0.7 of content validity index. Descriptive research design was used to collect data during actual time of data collection that was presented in a table of frequency, correlation and regression to facilitate the data interpretation process. The findings of the study have revealed that there is a relationship between community participation and water flow project as proven by relationship between joint consultation and stakeholder ownership (r=0.860 and sig=0.00), between joint consultation and effective management (r=0.806 and sig=0.00), between community empowerment and stakeholder satisfaction (r=0.867 and sig=0.00) basing on the calculated p-values which are strong and positive and the calculated level of significance which is under 0.01 results indicate a positive and significant relationship between community participation and water flow project sustainability in WASAC in Bugesera District. The regression analysis results have shown the positive regression coefficients while the calculate significance levels are under 0.05 level of significance implying that community participation and stakeholder ownership is positive and significant. Hence, basing on the research findings, the researcher would like to recommend to the management to formulate policies that favor water flow project. Therefore, the researcher would like to recommend to the government to empower its communities and the community members so that the water flow project would be more sustainable. In conclusion, the findings of the study have proven a positively significant relationship between community participation and water flow project sustainability in Bugesera District, Rwanda.

Community Resident Perceptions of and Experiences with Precarious Work at the Neighborhood Level: The Greater Lawndale Healthy Work Project.

Work is a key social determinant of health. Community health and well-being may be impacted in neighborhoods with high proportions of people engaged in precarious work situations compounded by health inequities produced by other social determinants associated with their residential geography. However, little is known about how community residents experience work at the neighborhood level nor how work impacts health at the community-level, particularly in communities with a high proportion of residents engaged in precarious work. We sought to understand, through participatory research strategies, how work is experienced at the community level and to identify community interventions to establish a culture of healthy work. As part of a mixed-methods community health assessment, community researchers conducted focus groups with residents in two high social and economic hardship neighborhoods on Chicago’s southwest side. Community and academic researchers engaged in participatory data analysis and developed and implemented member-checking modules to engage residents in the data interpretation process. Twelve focus group discussions (77 community resident participants) were completed. Three major themes emerged: systematic marginalization from the pathways to healthy work situations; contextual and structural hostility to sustain healthy work; and violations in the rights, agency, and autonomy of resident workers. Findings were triangulated with findings from the concept-mapping research component of the project to inform the development of a community health survey focused on work characteristics and experiences. Listening to residents in communities with a high proportion of residents engaging in precarious work allows for the identification of nuanced community-informed intervention points to begin to build a culture of healthy work.

Further Analysis of Advanced Quantitative Methods and Supplemental Interpretative Aids with Single-Case Experimental Designs.

Reliable and accurate visual analysis of graphically depicted behavioral data acquired using single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) is integral to behavior-analytic research and practice. Researchers have developed a range of techniques to increase reliable and objective visual inspection of SCED data including visual interpretive guides, statistical techniques, and nonstatistical quantitative methods to objectify the visual-analytic interpretation of data to guide clinicians, and ensure a replicable data interpretation process in research. These structured data analytic practices are now more frequently used by behavior analysts and the subject of considerable research within the field of quantitative methods and behavior analysis. First, there are contemporaneous analytic methods that have preliminary support with simulated datasets, but have not been thoroughly examined with nonsimulated clinical datasets. There are a number of relatively new techniques that have preliminary support (e.g., fail-safe k), but require additional research. Other analytic methods (e.g., dual-criteria and conservative dual criteria) have more extensive support, but have infrequently been compared against other analytic methods. Across three studies, we examine how these methods corresponded to clinical outcomes (and one another) for the purpose of replicating and extending extant literature in this area. Implications and recommendations for practitioners and researchers are discussed.

Coffee yield estimation by Landsat-8 imagery considering shading effects of planting row's orientation in center pivot

Using spectral information, obtained from orbital sensor systems, combined with spectral indices, it's possible to characterize coffee trees conditions with their intrinsic characteristics, which can improve the imaging accuracy and optimize the crop monitoring tasks. However, within center pivot shape, a circular planting orientation is a feature that can difficult to determine coffee yield through remote sensing, resulting in inaccurate inferences about its spectral signature and its yield correlation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of different phenological stages spectral responses of coffee, under distinct apparent brightness conditions, with the yield sampled in field. The study was carried out on a center pivot irrigated area, located in Presidente Olegário municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Yield data was obtained of 114 georeferenced sample points. Landsat-8 data, obtained between 05/25/2015 and 06/28/2016, were submitted to statistical analysis of Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression in conjunction with yield data. It was observed that the positional arrangement and the planting orientation significantly interfered in the yield estimation. A brightness difference was observed within the collateral area sectors, which raised the coffee plants spectral complexity. This demanded a conditional approach for data analyses and interpretation processes. Based on results, an evidence of good explanatory and predictive relationship with the coffee yield was found for Landsat-8 images when divergent brightness subsets were evaluated separately, raising the forecast accuracy from spectral data. It was concluded that the coffee phenological stages with the highest yield predictive potential are the “dormant bud” and “lead bead” stages.

GPR Data Interpretation Approaches in Archaeological Prospection

This article focuses on the possible drawbacks and pitfalls in the GPR data interpretation process commonly followed by most GPR practitioners in archaeological prospection. Standard processing techniques aim to remove some noise, enhance reflections of the subsurface. Next, one has to calculate the instantaneous envelope and produce C-scans which are 2D amplitude maps showing high reflectivity surfaces. These amplitude maps are mainly used for data interpretation and provide a good insight into the subsurface but cannot fully describe it. The main limitations are discussed while studies aiming to overcome them are reviewed. These studies involve integrated interpretation approaches using both B-scans and C-scans, attribute analysis, fusion approaches, and recent attempts to automatically interpret C-scans using Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. To contribute to the automatic interpretation of GPR data using DL, an application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify GPR data is also presented and discussed.

Understanding Career Decision-Making of Teachers' through the Lens of Job Crafting

Teachers are often viewed as having straightforward, 'flat' teaching careers, but their career paths are in fact often quite complex. This qualitative study characterizes the career decision-making processes of 34 teachers in Israel. It relates to the field of career research, with a focus on the 'meaning of work' and job crafting. The present study attempts to extend the limited literature that connects between teachers’ career decision-making processes and job crafting, by examining how teachers' experiences of meaningfulness and meaninglessness serve as an underlying platform for making informed career decisions using different forms of job crafting. The career stories of the teachers included descriptions of their career-related decisions made over a period of ten years. Collected through semi-structured interviews, their stories were analyzed through hermeneutic processes of data analysis and interpretation. The findings of the study revealed that when making career decisions, the teachers applied the promotion-approach-expansion form of job crafting when experiencing meaningfulness. On the other hand, they used the prevention-avoidance-reduction form of job crafting when facing meaninglessness. As a result, applying the promotion-approach-expansion form of job crafting led to decisions of meaningfulness preservation, while utilizing the prevention-avoidance-reduction form of job crafting steered attrition decisions

Konsep Pendidikan Islam Dalam Al-Qur’an Surat Lukman

This qualitative research with the aim of: 1) To know understanding, the principles of Islamic education methods and materials about the concept of Islamic education 2) To express a review of the concept of Islamic education, the sources of study based on Al-Qur'an and As-Sunah are both is a guide for Muslims to reach mardlotillah (Ridho Allah). The research uses a qualitative approach of type of literature research method (Librari Research) and the steps taken are 1) Reviewing the books of science education, Islamic education, the books relevant to the discussion 2) Sorting (reduction) 3) Data grouping 4) Check the validity of the data. The process of data interpretation is done after the examination phase of the data. Interpretation of data and writing of research results by using inductive descriptive analysis. Based on document analysis, the research results show that the authors prepare the materials to be discussed from the books and books relevant to the issues to be discussed, both primary and secondary. Primary sources are books or books that deal with education, both in general education and religious education. The secondary sources are books or books that do not specifically address education but have something to do with the discussion. That Islam is a plenary religion that regulates all aspects of human life including in it religious education in children should follow the concepts that are shown by Allah and His Messenger that is through the holy book (Al-Qur'an) and the Sunnah of His Apostle, in this case means making the Messenger of Allah as the ideal model in an effort to realize the concepts that exist in the Qur'an. Although the Qur'an and As-Sunna have been so firmly obliged to follow it but still there are among Muslim parents who have not made the Qur'an and As-Sunah as a guide in educating their children. Problems arise how our efforts to the concept of Islamic education must be implemented in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

Contribution of Zakat and Community Economic Welfare

This research aimed to discuss zakat in the context of contribution and community economic welfare in the perspective of zakat institutionalization and regulation, sources of foreign exchange, and distribution of capital and human development. The method used was the qualitative approach through academic literature to obtain the concepts that were relevant to the study of zakat and the community economic welfare. The data analysis process was based on the theory and concept of zakat and then followed by the data interpretation process later on. The research results showed that the dimensions of zakat institutionalization and regulation, sources of foreign exchange, and distribution of capital and human development had a very strong pattern and relationship with the dimension of community economic welfare and this was because these three dimensions were the important determinants of the contribution of zakat for the community economic welfare. On the other hand, the instrument of community economic welfare through the zakat mechanism needs to be continuously encouraged with the awareness of the entire community to pay zakat, increase the effectiveness of zakat management, and strengthen the zakat regulations.

Strategi Pembelajaran dan Kemampuan Guru Kelas

This study aims to determine the ability of elementary school class teachers in Central Lombok in preparing learning strategy plans. This research is qualitative. The data in this study are in the form of thematic lesson plans for the Central Lombok State Elementary School class theme 1 “Life Savings” sub-theme 1 learning 3, sub-theme 2 learning 2, sub-theme 3 learning 6, sub-theme 4 learning 1. Data analysis using data analysis techniques qualitative data analysis can be done simultaneously with the process of data collection, data interpretation, and narrative writing. The results showed that the formulation of indicators 3.1.1 in sub-theme 1 learning 3 was not appropriate, the subject of the formulation of learning objectives and teaching materials in sub-theme 3 learning 6 was not appropriate, items that did not refer to indicators in sub-theme 1 learning 3, and the use of operational words which is less precise in the formulation of learning objectives in sub-theme 3 learning 6. In conclusion, the class teacher of the Central Lombok State Elementary School is related to being able to formulate learning strategy plans.
 Keywords: Ability, Class Teacher, Learning Strategy Plan.

Fungsi dan Nilai Khayi (Perahu Perempuan) bagi Suku Sentani di Kampung Ayapo Kabupaten Jayapura

This study discusses khayi, which focuses on how khayi function and value as a women's boat in the culture of the Sentani people. This research is ethnography with a qualitative approach and descriptive data analysis. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, recording and recording and literature study. Informants were selected based on purposive sampling. Then the data analysis used includes the process of data reduction, data display and data interpretation. The results showed Function of khayi is highly related to its shape. Khayi shape is an adaptive function of social culture life for Sentani tribe, especially in Ayapo village. Their knowledge of raw material and putting root of tree as the prow is an adaptive reaction to culture society. Its long, big shape has significant function to support and espouse fully activities of Sentani women. Value of khayi is an appreciative representation of Sentani men to their women for their significant roles in social culture cycle and family income and society as well.