Process Of Cultural Translation Research Articles

A CULTURA JUDAICA NA LITERATURA DE ESCRITORES SEFARDITAS: glossários, festas e cerimônias

In this, we studied elements of Jewish culture in “Um pedaço de lua caía na mata” by Paulo Jacob and “Cabelos de fogo” by Marcos Serruya. “Um pedaço de lua caía na mata”, tells the story of Solomon and his family, who seek to remain Jewish in a culturally rich environment, fighting not to abandon their beliefs. “Cabelos de fogo” tells the story of Hana, a Jewish woman who was brought to the Amazon to become prostitutes. In addition to prostitution, Hana had to adapt to an unfamiliar culture. In them we find different aspects of Jewish culture such as: festivities, expressions and customs. Described in a contextualized way, building on a translation between Jewish and Amazonian cultures. We investigated how this process of cultural translation took place. For the theoretical-historical basis we used the works of Samuel Benchimol (2008), Reginaldo Heller (2010), Regina Igel (1997), among others. For cultural translation studies, we will use Peter Burke (2000).

Displacing perspectives on Renaissance: Cultural translation and the politics of Italian literature at the onset of the Cold War

ABSTRACT While the popularity achieved by several Italian cultural objects in the United States during the aftermath of World War Two has been largely acknowledged, the meanings these artefacts took on in their new cultural context are yet to be understood. To unravel the complex, multi-layered processes of cultural translation at play in transatlantic transfers at the onset of the Cold War, this article explores the U.S.-American reception of Italian culture from the vantage point of translated fiction. Retracing the public discourse around new Italian books in the United States means to recognize the emergence of a new framing narrative, that of a novel Renaissance taking place in Italy after the end of the Fascist period. Understanding the concept of a new Renaissance from a transnational perspective, at a time in which the public discourse was being reorganized across all media in response to the new geopolitical order, allows us to identify the politics of newly translated Italian fiction in the U.S. I argue that, through its framing, Italian fiction was made an ally in the cultural Cold War, coming to represent Western democracy, freedom, and creativity.

Ab. No. 49 Guidelines Used in Cross Cultural Adaptation of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder And Hand (Dash) Questionnaire: A Narrative Review

Introduction: The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome measure is a widely used patient reported outcome measure. DASH was originally developed in English in 1996 by the institute for Work and Health (IWH).1,2Since then, clinicians and researchers have been using it in the field of hand therapy. The DASH has proved to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for various upper extremity disorders and been translated into many different languages. Narrative review is comprehensive, critical and objective analysis of research. This study is done to establish a theoretical framework and focus on procedures used in cross cultural adaptation of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome measure in different languages and describe it. Methods: All Articles are searched from different databases using key words and reviewed critically for cross cultural translation process of disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome measure. All articles are reviewed as per PRISMA checklist is used for analyzing and reporting articles for cross cultural adaptation process. Result: 17 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The overall rating for the process of cross-cultural adaptation process is good. The reviewed studies used the guidelines given by Beaton et al, Guillemin and criteria suggested by the institute for Work and Health (IWH). Conclusion: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation process requires careful selection of the members according to suggested guidelines and should be done with great care to provide best properties. In this review, all include studies follow the guidelines as per Beaton et al, Guillemin and criteria suggested by the institute for Work and Health (IWH).

‘Expanded translation’ and the construction of meaning: A case study from political activism

Echoing the classical debate on the nature of anthropology as a process of cultural translation, Lydia Liu has claimed that ‘strictly speaking, comparative scholarship that aims to cross cultures can do nothing but translate’. From this perspective, therefore, for an academic working across cultures, research becomes similar to an act of translation. How relevant is this for a contemporary understanding of research within the humanities and the social sciences, but also for social activity at large? Reflecting on the writing process for my recent monograph Translating the Crisis. Politics and Culture in Spain after the 15M (2020), this article will advance the concept of ‘expanded translation’ and its potential usefulness for a more nuanced and complex approach to these issues. By ‘expanded translation’, I understand a process of meaning formation that decisively involves translation but is not limited to it. As the article claims, it has become increasingly unfeasible to chart the circulation of a concept, an idea, or an author exclusively through a predefined set of translated texts in the traditional sense. As such, the construction of meaning and the use of translated concepts, authors, and models implies a collective process, which is non-centralized (multiple agents can join it without previous requirements) yet also unequal (as certain agents enjoy more power and visibility than others). Furthermore, these processes are not only limited to textual exchanges, but do also frequently involve a performative component, as new concepts and ideas are put into practice, which in turn influences their meaning. This process will be exemplified in the article through a sustained reflection on how the concept of the ‘commons’ has been adopted, modified, and used in Spanish politics after the 15-M or ‘indignados’ movement of 2011.

TRANSLATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL-NUTRITIONAL PRIORITIZING TOOL (RFH-NPT).

Nutritional screening is defined by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) as a process to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in cirrhotic patients, and it results in important prognostic implications. Most of the commonly used instruments fail in considering the particularities of cirrhotic patients. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is a nutritional screening tool developed and validated to identify malnutrition risk in patients with liver disease. The study's aim was to conduct the transcultural adaptation (translation and adaptation) of RFH-NPT tool to Portuguese (Brazil). The process of cultural translation and adaptation followed the Beaton et al. methodology. The process involved the steps of initial translation, synthesis translation, back translation pretest of the final version with 40 nutritionists and a specialists committee. The internal consistency was calculated with the Cronbach coefficient and the content validation was verified with the content validation index. Forty clinical nutritionists with experience in treatment of adult patients participated in the step of cross-cultural adaptation. The alpha Cronbach coefficient was 0.84, which means high reliability. In the specialists analyzes all the tool's questions achieved a validation content index higher than 0.8, showing high agreement. The NFH-NPT tool was translated and adapted to Portuguese (Brazil) and showed high reliability.

Teaching Latinx Dances in Multicultural Environments: Pedagogic Acculturations of Latino Dance Teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT Multicultural and intercultural dance practices are a by-product of the ever-increasing flow of people across national and cultural boundaries. The increasing presence of Latinx dances in Aotearoa New Zealand has resulted from the migration of Latinx people who celebrate, create, perform, and teach these dance traditions as teachers, performers, and choreographers. This article draws on the ideas of ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism to examine how five Latinx dance teachers have navigated pedagogic acculturations in teaching Latinx dances in multicultural Aotearoa New Zealand. Through interviews of Latinx dance teachers and observations of dance classes, the findings revealed that the dance teachers experience pedagogic acculturation by recalibrating dance movements, reimagining language as a teaching tool, reframing music as a pedagogic intercalator, and embodying dance knowledge as a multicultural mediator. The analysis reveals pedagogic acculturation as a complex process of cultural translation, which interweaves one’s heritage, culture, and identity and their attempt at entry into the larger host culture.

Innovation as translation in Indigenous entrepreneurship: lessons from Mapuche entrepreneurs in Chile

ABSTRACT Discourses of innovation are prone to homogenisation, and as such, their effects in the development of Indigenous enterprises are highly ambivalent. The elusiveness of innovation can also work as a flexible set of ideas through which Indigenous entrepreneurs reconfigure existing commercial practices. Focussing on two Mapuche enterprises, this article explores how innovation in the context of Indigenous entrepreneurship is performed as a process of cultural translation. We advance a definition of innovation focused on the transformation of Indigenous daily practices into valuable products within a market dominated by non-Indigenous clients and mediators.

주디스 버틀러의 <불확실한 삶>에 나타난 제1세계 지식인의 자기 제한적 실천으로서의 문화 번역

This paper carefully examines Judith Butler's ideological change after Gender Trouble through reading Precarious Life. The issue of sexual autonomy emphasized in Gender Trouble is extended to thinking about relationality in Precarious Life. Even the progressive content of freedom can be violent if it is contained in a single universality that does not consider speaker’s position.
 This is Butler's cognitive change that demanding liberation itself cannot be understood outside of the speaker's position or relationship with others. The encounter with others due to the 9/11 incident and the American reaction to it act as a decisive moment that brought about this cognitive shift. The United States, as the First World, waged war in the name of ‘freedom’ and ‘progression’, excluding others called Islam. Precarious Life is a text that contains Butler's thoughts and reflections on her position as a first-world intellectual. How can the demand for freedom be contained in the competition between various cultural contexts and multiple cultural norms rather than a single universality? To answer this question, Butler reconstructs universality in terms of cultural translation. The universality including cultural translation is not acknowledging the diversity of each position, but is a process of breaking down the sovereign status of the subject by understanding the alterity essential to the formation of the self. This is not a process of inclusion or assimilation, but a change in the normative system of both languages. Butler explains this process of translation as ecstatic relationality. Ecstatic relationality goes beyond simple emotional empathy and shows that the other is at the root of the composition of the subject, and that we are all dependent on the social system.
 Butler criticizes the norms that dehumanize the other by not responding to the other's address, and argues for breaking down the privileged status of the people in the first world. The ethical responsibility shown in Precarious Life is the process of cultural translation as a self-limiting practice to change the norms of her place as a first-world intellectual.

Entre a invisibilidade, o branqueamento discursivo e a hipersexualização: imagens de controle sobre o termo negro e o seu lugar na enunciação

ABSTRACT Based on the statements that (1) the word in interaction manifests itself as an ideological sign, oriented to a precise social audience, circumscribed in a given historical time; (2) that race is a language and (3) that geographic displacement involves a clash between different systems of meaning, I interpret data from the cultural translation process for the term black [negro, in Portuguese], based on the enunciations of two Portuguese language learners in a course for immigrant mothers held in Southern Brazil. The data presented were generated as part of an ongoing ethnographic investigation.1 The discussion points to controlling images that persist in the social imaginary from effacement procedures, discursive whitening and hypersexualization of the term negro [black]. Data also reveals that the processes of attributing meanings around race are in full dispute in the current socio-historical context.

Semiotic alteration in translation. Othering, stereotyping and hybridization in contemporary translations from Arabic into Spanish and Catalan

It is already widely recognized that ‘foreignization’ is a cover word which stands for many different processes of cultural translation, from a problematic literalism which tends to exoticism, to a welcome but rarely achieved ‘othering’ understood as an ethical act of respect for the other ’s specificity. Seen from a pragmatic perspective, what still needs to be assessed are the reasons behind a hypothetic threshold of acceptability and the extent of the unstable and risky space where source culture expectations are challenged as a result of the translator ’s management of socio-cultural biases. Starting from the assumption that cultural translation implies a metonymical move by which key textual elements stand as symbols representing the foreign culture, the proposed article will present a scheme of the pragmatic and semiotic processes at work in translations from Arabic into Spanish and Catalan. A review of recent Spanish translations of contemporary Arabic fiction and the muchacclaimed Catalan translation of the Qur ’an will try to show that instances of hybridization and ambivalent readings occur foremost when semiotic categories are altered as a result of the familiarization of unexpected cultural referents. However, semiotic alteration only happens in the narrow margin allowed by the threshold of acceptability, which is the site of ambivalence.

Semiotic alteration in translation. Othering, stereotyping and hybridization in contemporary translations from Arabic into Spanish and Catalan

It is already widely recognized that ‘foreignization’ is a cover word which stands for many different processes of cultural translation, from a problematic literalism which tends to exoticism, to a welcome but rarely achieved ‘othering’ understood as an ethical act of respect for the other ’s specificity. Seen from a pragmatic perspective, what still needs to be assessed are the reasons behind a hypothetic threshold of acceptability and the extent of the unstable and risky space where source culture expectations are challenged as a result of the translator ’s management of socio-cultural biases. Starting from the assumption that cultural translation implies a metonymical move by which key textual elements stand as symbols representing the foreign culture, the proposed article will present a scheme of the pragmatic and semiotic processes at work in translations from Arabic into Spanish and Catalan. A review of recent Spanish translations of contemporary Arabic fiction and the muchacclaimed Catalan translation of the Qur ’an will try to show that instances of hybridization and ambivalent readings occur foremost when semiotic categories are altered as a result of the familiarization of unexpected cultural referents. However, semiotic alteration only happens in the narrow margin allowed by the threshold of acceptability, which is the site of ambivalence.

Translating Tigers: The Visual Rhetoric of Fashion Communication in Kenzo’s Logo

In the 21st century, translation studies has expanded its boundaries and paradigms so that it is now possible to use its tools and methods to research the communication of fashion at textual as well as material levels, as inter-semiotic and cultural translation. Fashion communication, from the perspective of post translation studies, can be viewed as a process of cultural translation with visual symbols as its main text form, visual rhetoric as its core meaning system and a visual designer as its translator. At the intersection of translation, communication and fashion studies, the article takes Kenzo’s most successful “tiger icon” as the main research object, through the analysis of different forms of visual text structures throughout the whole process of fashion communication, to explore the semiotic transformation process and strategy of the “tiger icon” by means of visual rhetoric theories.

Threefold translation of the body of Christ: concepts of the Eucharist and the body translated in the early modern missionary context

This article tests the usefulness of concepts from translation studies to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of cultural translation. It asks what is happening when people translate. What do they do when they translate? From a historical perspective, we apply translation theories as analytical kit on the cultural translation process created by the Jesuit missionaries teaching the Eucharist in contact zones during early modern times. In a first part, we present the conceptual tool box borrowed from translation studies (Lefevere, Venuti, Nida). In the analytical part, we apply this instrument to Jesuit translation: How did the Jesuits translate the concept of body in the sacrament of Eucharist for a general audience in the multilingual and transcultural missionary contexts? It is generally difficult to transfer knowledge by translation. The translation of the Eucharist is not only difficult regarding the aim of a true translation, its fidelity to the source, but it can become a question of orthodoxy or heresy. The translation of Eucharist concerns the theology of transubstantiation, real presence or a symbolic understanding of the body; a crucial topic in the early modern European context. The semantics of the body are closely related to this theological issue as are the different cultural practices and understanding of them, particularly in non-European cultural settings. In this Jesuit case study, the dynamics of the cultural translation process are unearthed: Which methods and technics did missionaries apply to translate theological concepts? How did they accommodate and negotiate the knowledge transfer with the local cultural grids? How did they create dynamic equivalence in order to be understood? To what degree was the translation adopted by the intended audience? With the developed tool kit we unravel a complex, multi-layered translating process that was influenced by the translator, the audience, the cultural and linguistic context as well as the power asymmetries inherent to the process.

Cultural Understanding and Language Translation

Language, being an exclusively human feature, is principally dynamic; it involves a diversity of changes and adjustments in its course of existence. It is also considered as a factor that links distinct cultures and a way of expressing thoughts and feelings; accordingly, translation is one of the principal, ultimate and appropriate ways in transferring culture. Translation, including the transposition of thoughts expressed in one language by a specific social community into the adequate expression of another social community. As cultures are increasingly brought into greater contact with one another, multicultural concessions and considerations are taken to an increasing degree and as a result, the process of cultural translation takes place. As a result, our broad discussion topic in language is not the relationship between translation and culture since there is an close relationship between translation and culture. What interests us in the present paper is not accomplishing only a particular defined ideal equivalence relation between translation and culture, but, among other things, how do some precise changes influence us when we are trying to comprehend a text before finally translating it? We are not just dealing with words in a written form in a specific period of time, situation and place; most significantly it is the "cultural" aspect of the source text that we must take into account. The process of transfer across cultures, should; consequently, communicate the aspect with regard to the target culture to ensure consistency in the eyes of the target reader.

Russifying the Radīf: Lyric Translatability and the Russo-Persian Ghazal

Building on Earl Miner's insight that the lyric is a ‘foundation genre’ of world literature, this article develops this idea in the context of thinking about lyric translatability. I do this by examining the Russo-Persian lyric, a hybrid literary genre that developed within Russian literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Radically unlike its classical Persian prototype, the Russo-Persian ghazal is a case study in lyric translatability. I explore the development of this hybrid genre from its appropriation by the Russian Romantic poet Afanasy Fet (d. 1890) to its influence on Sergei Esenin's Persian Motifs (1925), a text that adds a new dimension to the Russian-Persian encounter. Moving beyond historicist treatments that focus solely on direct impact or empirical encounters, this exploration of the Russo-Persian lyric traces the movement of literary form as a process of cultural translation that sometimes misunderstands the original, but which also transforms it, generating new literary form for a receptive audience. Broadly, this research sheds light on how the ghazal and its adaptations modifies and extends our understanding of lyric form, and on what is and is not translated through the lyric genre.

Remaking national identity: Postcolonial discourses at the intersection of gender and race in Tutto può succedere

In the context of global migrations, ‘new Italians’ have emerged in a group of mainstream TV series, among which Tutto può succedere (‘Anything can happen’) (RAI 1, 2015–18) stands out as the remake of the American Parenthood. This article argues that this process of cultural translation reveals tensions over the negotiation of national identity in Italian society, due to recent migrations and the submerged colonial past. Through the adoption of an intersectional approach, the analysis of the interracial relationship between Feven, an Eritrean-born woman, and Carlo will highlight that the postracial discourses underlying Parenthood are superseded by postcolonial ones in the remake. I demonstrate that the Othering of Feven through sexualization and exoticization exposes the persistence of colonial stereotypes. However, the displacement of race onto gender preoccupations through the prism of postfeminism highlights the attempted ‘normalization’ of the Other, further engaging with the specificities of the Italian context through its association with religion.

Whose Karate? Language and Cultural Learning in a Multilingual Karate Club in London

This article explores language learning as a process of translanguaging and of cultural translation. We draw examples from a sociolinguistic ethnography of translanguaging practices in a karate club in east London, UK. Formulaic Japanese is taught as part of karate techniques, practised as the language of performance and rituals and valued as the key indicator of karate expertise over other languages. Key karate verbal routines such as osu and kiai, while linguistically difficult to translate, bespeak core karate values such as respect and confidence, and equally important, the embodiment of these verbal routines is well integrated into karate moves, breaking down the dichotomy of verbal and physical dimensions of the interaction. The predominant use of formulaic Japanese in rituals, along with other semiotic resources, creates an imagined karate world characterized by hierarchy and guarded through the value of respect. In examining whose karate and how cultural traditions, values and practices are translated and why, we broaden the concept of language and regard it as a multifaceted sense- and meaning-making resource and explore the theoretical implications of taking language teaching and learning as a process of cultural translation.

Russifying the Radif: Lyric Translatability and the Russo-Persian Ghazal

Building on Earl Miner's insight that the lyric is a 'foundation genre' of world literature, this article examines the Russo-Persian lyric, a hybrid genre that developed within 19th and 20th century Russian literature, as a case study in lyric translatability. First developed by the Russian Romantic poet Afanasy Fet (d. 1890) and later evident in Sergei Esenin's Persian Motifs (1925), the Russo-Persian lyric adds a new dimension to the Russian-Persian encounter. While tracing the migration of literary form as a process of cultural translation that transforms the original, generating new literary forms for new audiences, I shed light on how the ghazal and its adaptations modifies and extends our understanding of lyric form, and on what is and is not translated by the lyric genre.

The Brazilian Translation of Franz von Liszt’s Lehrbuch des deutschen Strafrechts (1899): A History of Cultural Translation between Brazil and Germany

The Brazilian Portuguese version of Franz von Liszt’s Lehrbuch des deutschen Strafrechts published in 1899 was the first translation of this book (the French and the Spanish ones were made only more than a decade later). Nevertheless, it was not analysed yet by the legal historiography. The aim of this article is to comprehend this book as a cultural good within a process of cultural translation that deals with the legalistic and codified legal context of the nineteenth century. In order to understand the operation of the Brazilian translator (Jose Hygino), the article proposes an adjustment of the intellectual mediator concept as a historiographical tool. The mediation is analysed mostly through the translator’s preface and notes i) by mapping Hygino’s comparisons between Brazilian and German criminal legislation; and ii) by analysing Hygino’s dialogues with foreign scholars. Considering the relevance of cultural differences within a discursive action as the main feature of an intellectual mediator, it is possible to distinguish: i) Hygino’s book as a cultural mediation (in a general level); ii) part of Hygino’s notes and preface as cultural mediation; iii) and part of them as simply participation within a common (or entangled) intellectual space. As a cultural translation process, Hygino’s translation is an important piece of relevant transformations of Brazilian criminal literature of the late nineteenth century not only in the obvious level of the technical dialogues, namely: as an expansion of the literary genres of Brazilian criminal literature and as a shift of its international dialogues.

Cultural “Transfer” in European Science Fiction Cinema: From Elia Barceló's <em>Mil euros por tu vida</em> to Damir Lukačević's Film Adaptation <em>Transfer</em>

Abstract This article examines the way in which the future of Europe is imagined in European cinema, especially in European speculative fiction and science fiction. The first part of this article discusses the dynamics and parameters within which European science fiction and European science fiction cinema navigate when they imagine the future face of Europe and the construction of pan-European identities. The second part of the article focuses on one example as a case study of cultural transfer to illustrate these processes: Damir Lukačević's film Transfer (2010, Germany), an adaptation of Mil euros por tu vida (2003), a short story by the Spanish science fiction writer Elia Barceló. The discussion pays attention to the cultural translation process from literature to film, from a Spanish to a German context, and to the changing image of the future. In drawing on other examples from contemporary European science fiction cinema for comparison, the analysis shows that both texts align with a wider European discourse on migration and race and, more specifically, are examples of a European imaginary that envision the future of Europe as shaped by Europe's colonial past, persistent racism, and continuing exploitation of the Global South.