Process Of Cultural Transformation Research Articles

The Theme of Russification and Sovietization of the Small Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic in the Literature of the 20th Century

This work analyzes the literary works of Russian and national authors, representing the processes of Russification and Sovietization of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic zone. Based on the material of literary representations, the process of cultural transformation of small peoples is considered, during which they either accepted or did not accept the Russian and Soviet traditions imposed on them. So, on the one hand, examples of Russification of small peoples are given, on the other hand, their cultural opposition to Russian and Soviet culture. A comparison is made of two points of view on the cultural heritage of small peoples – the point of view of the Russian author, who explores the northern territories either from written sources or on expeditions, and the point of view of the indigenous peoples themselves, originally living in the Arctic territories. In the course of the analysis, it was revealed, firstly, that the studied literary works in their own way master and represent the culture of small peoples. Secondly, the bipolar nature of the culture of small peoples is revealed. Thirdly, the works of national authors are distinguished from the works of Russian authors by a significant degree of folklorization and mythologization of the narrative, giving them a special poetic and epic character.

Mathematics Teaching Materials Based on the Ethnomathematics of Shiva Temple by Applying the "Tri-N" Teaching

Education as a process of cultural transformation is a cultural inheritance from one generation to the next. Ethnomathematics can bridge the gap between culture and learning mathematics. One of the cultural elements to be integrated into mathematics learning is to use one of the cultural sites in Yogyakarta, namely the Shiva Temple. This is done to increase students' interest in culture through learning mathematics. Various cultural elements that can be studied at the Shiva Temple include buildings, architecture, ornaments, statues, etc. Besides being based on the ethnomathematics of Shiva Temple, the approach that can be used is Tamansiswa's teachings, namely Niteni, Nirokke, and Nambahi (3N). To facilitate students in learning the material for building flat sides, it is necessary to have interesting, fun, and culturally related teaching materials. Therefore, this study aims to describe the ethnomathematics-based teaching materials of Shiva Temple by applying the teachings of Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with the Prambanan temple tourism park manager, documentation, and literature study. The results obtained are the design of teaching materials that contain a summary of the material and practice questions regarding the shape of the flat side space in which there are many pictures of ornaments, and statues found in the Shiva Temple and written with the application of the teachings of Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi.

Building a Relationship-Centered Culture in Healthcare: An Organizational Framework for Transformation

This article presents a change management framework for establishing a relationship-centered care (RCC) communication program for hospital systems and provides preliminary evidence regarding the value of a program that places the physician–patient relationship as central to care delivery. The four-step change management framework provides strategic behaviors leaders can use to navigate the cultural transformation process. Preliminary data suggest that adopting this transformational model may increase patient satisfaction and physician wellness.

‘Labour’, A Brief History of a Modern Concept

As has often been observed, neither the thinkers of antiquity nor those of the Middle Ages exhibited a great theoretical interest in the social value or even the ethical significance of labour. Throughout this long period of history, the labour an individual had to carry out to make a living, and thus under compulsion, was understood more or less solely as a heavy burden. It signified daily toil and the state of personal dependency attaching to a lowly social rank. Consequently, there was no cause to subject it to any kind of moral consideration. Indeed, as Moses Finley reports (1999, p. 81) ‘[n]either in Greek nor Latin was there a word with which to express the general notion of ‘labour’ or the concept of labour as a general social function’ (see too Arendt, 2013 [1958], pp. 81 ff.). Famously, with the advent of modernity, the very opposite begins to become the case. In this period, in the wake of various intersecting processes of cultural revaluation and economic transformation, labour developed into a positive credential of free existence and a presupposition of social integrity: the Protestant ethic led to a gradual upgrading of the value of labour, because it was interpreted as a sign that one possessed a capacity for inner-worldly asceticism. In the course of the establishment of capitalist economic practices, the liberation of labour from personal dependency in legal terms gave rise to the idea that gainful work could henceforth be proof of a free decision, and it thus provided the precondition of individual independence. And over time, the more the intellectual union between these two revolutions was strengthened, the more it would go on to influence the cultural self-understanding of modern societies in the capitalist west: what was previously the sheer necessity of earning a daily crust was now understood as proof of social emancipation and freedom. Nobody provided a better conceptualisation of this transformed self-conception than Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who devoted an entire chapter of his ‘Philosophy of Right’ of 1821 to the emancipatory value of labour; here, he tells us that every (male) member of civil society ‘is somebody’ through ‘his competence’ and his ‘regular income and means of support’, i.e. possesses the social status of a full-fledged citizen, and will find ‘his honour’ in this recognised existence as a professional (Hegel 1991 [1821], § 253).

American Religion in the Era of Increasing Polarization

Americans are increasingly polarized by a variety of metrics. The dimensions, extent, causes, and consequences of that polarization have been the subject of much debate. Yet despite the centrality of religion to early discussions, the analytical focus on America's divides has largely shifted toward partisan identity, political ideology, race, and class interests. I show that religion remains powerfully implicated in all dimensions of American polarization, and sociologists must once again make religion more central to their analyses. After outlining research on American polarization, focusing on the role of religion, I survey findings within the burgeoning literatures on cultural transformation processes, (White) Christian nationalism, complex religion, and Americans’ attitudes toward science in order to underscore the centrality of ethno-religious identities, religious demography, and religious institutions for both shaping and exacerbating various forms of polarization. Lastly, I propose an agenda for elucidating religion's ongoing role in understanding polarization beyond public opinion research at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. Though polarization research has been dominated by political scientists, leveraging religion in our analyses—not merely as a sui generis variable, but as a site of complex social behavior—facilitates novel sociological contributions to these literatures via our relative attention to multiple levels of analysis, theoretical eclecticism, and methodological fluidity.

Driving innovation management to create shared value and sustainable growth

AbstractCreating shared value (CSV) is an opportunity for sustainable growth for small and medium-sized enterprises that entails jointly achieving both social and business value. Currently there are few practical approaches that underpin the importance of CSV and that explore which variables have a positive impact on SMEs. Our paper seeks to shed light on this issue by proposing a measuring and governance model to assess the benefits of CSV in SMEs, using a sample of Spanish SMEs for the empirical analysis, and PLS-SEM as the analysis technique. We first highlight innovation management as a key variable for CSV. It is essential to take innovative strategic decisions to identify which initiatives generate shared value. Our findings confirm that innovative business management helps cultural transformation processes to be implemented with high shared value, which is a source of opportunities in a global economy and, consequently, lead to sustainable growth. Secondly, we aim to highlight how innovative firms enhance their reputation, which in turn has an impact on the creation of social and business value. We also find that if SMEs emphasise social value, they boost the creation of business value, with their role as mediators proving to be vital. We present a strategic management model based on variables such as innovation management, social value and reputation, due to their impact on business value.

Five Theses on (Dis)Comfort in the Educational Cultures of Digitality

In many current discussions, digitalization functions as a dazzling leitmotif not only for technological, social and cultural transformation processes in general, but also for current social reproduction problems and upheavals in the field of education in particular. On the one hand, there is a widespread uneasiness in educational cultures of digitality; on the other hand, the promises of the future in learning technology are also promoting tendencies of ease for some groups. Based on a broader perspective that goes beyond a Freudian understanding of discomfort in culture, this article puts forward five trenchant theses for discussion, all of which mark fault lines of (dis)comfort in the educational cultures of digitality.

Changes and Development of Traditional Culture of the Nomadic People – A Case Study on Naadam in Henan County of Qinghai Province in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Naadam in Henan County of Qinghai province in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important traditional ethnic sports activity that has been transformed into a sporting event in the course of cultural reconstruction. The changes in the connotation and form of the festival are intended to embed the traditional culture in the cultural reproduction process of modern life through the reinterpretation and recreation of the traditional cultural elements on the basis of ethnic interactions. Cultural markers, such as horse racing, cultural performance and interaction in the Naadam Festival, constitute high-level emotional connection with the game, thereby reinforcing internal solidarity within the ethnic community and the confidence in the ethnic culture. The changes in the significance of Naadam is also a cultural capital transformation process in order to achieve coordination between the traditional ethnic culture and modern market to achieve a unity of cultural, social, and economic development.

Personal and structural factors that influence individual plastic packaging consumption—Results from focus group discussions with German consumers

Plastic waste is perceived as one of the major environmental problems of our times. Nevertheless, rates of consumption of plastic packaging are constantly increasing. Based on focus group discussions with German consumers this study identified personal and structural barriers that hinder a reduced plastic packaging consumption. Combining our findings with those of previous studies, we conclude that fundamental changes in infrastructures and lifestyles, as well as cultural and economic transformation processes, are needed to make zero-waste shopping the norm and unpackaged goods the most affordable and convenient option. The questions ‘Who is shopping?’, ‘What are we shopping?’, ‘Where do we go shopping?’ , and ‘When/how often do we go shopping?’ help in identifying the levers for a dissemination of the unpacked concept and also reveal factors that have so far only been marginally discussed in the discourse on the plastic problem and have not yet been systematically linked to it. • Personal and structural barriers hinder reduced plastic packaging consumption. • Making zero waste shopping the norm requires fundamental cultural, infrastructural and economic transformation. • Reducing food packaging consumption needs changes of everyone's lifestyle.

From Schlemiel to Sabra: Zionist Masculinity and Palestinian Hebrew Literature by Philip Hollander

Reviewed by: From Schlemiel to Sabra: Zionist Masculinity and Palestinian Hebrew Literature by Philip Hollander Lina Tuschling Hollander, Philip. From Schlemiel to Sabra: Zionist Masculinity and Palestinian Hebrew Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019. In From Schlemiel to Sabra, Philip Hollander offers a nuanced and well-researched view on the emergence of Zionist masculinity in the years prior to statehood. A scholar of Israeli literature and culture, Hollander shows that a counter to the dominant narrative of the emergence of Zionist Israeli masculinity, the sabra identity, was developing concurrently: self-evaluative masculinity. With Jewish communities facing existential threats in Europe and Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, the need arrived for reenvisioning Jewish [End Page 435] identity that was consistent with Zionist ideals of establishing Israeli statehood and active self-defense. Gender played a crucial role in this attempted transformation in the literary works, as Hollander shows: "Agnon was employing gendered representations to communicate his belief that the Jewish people were in crisis. Portrayed as feminized, the Jewish people needed to undergo change to survive and thrive" (63). The "new Jew" was defined in contrast to the diasporic Jew and focused largely on redefining the Jewish man. The Yiddish word schlemiel describes the diasporic Jew as "an awkward, clumsy person, a blunderer; a 'born loser'; a 'dope' or 'drip'" (3). While there was consensus in the Jewish communities about the need to transform perceptions and, importantly, self-perceptions of the Jewish man in Palestine, little research has investigated the lesser-known strands of the cultural transformation attempts. The dominant perception of Jewish (Israeli) masculinity rests on the sabra identity, at the core the body centered ideal image of a stereotypically masculine fighter willing to fight and die for his country and nation. Focusing on self-evaluative masculinity, Hollander presents a form of Zionist masculinity that "did not achieve a hegemonic cultural position within the New Yishuv" (19). Shaped by homosocial relations and the willingness to include aspects of diasporic life into the new identity, self-evaluative masculinity stood in stark contrast to the sabra identity that sought a clear cut from life and identity in the diaspora. In the introduction, Hollander shares his own journey toward his keen interest in Hebrew literature in Palestine before Israeli statehood was realized. Together with the afterword, these two sections' focus on Jewish life and identity in contemporary Israel frame the discussion of the emergence of Jewish identity in Palestine. The five chapters in between examine the literary works of four influential authors: Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Yosef Hayyim Brenner, Levi Aryeh Arieli, and Aharon Reuveni. A brief biographical summary introduces these authors and puts their lives and works in the political and historical context, which is particularly useful for readers new to the realm of Hebrew Palestinian literature. Chapter titles reveal the different stages of the development of Zionist masculinity. The first chapter for example is titled "Holding Out for a Hero" and describes the existential threat to Jewish communities in the diaspora, the role gender and stereotypes played, and the need for the "new Jew." In the afterword Hollander examines the extent to which self-evaluative masculinity had a lasting impact on Israeli culture. Contrasting it to the popular sabra ideal, Hollander shines at showing the legacies of both. [End Page 436] The use of jargon makes parts of the book difficult to follow, particularly for readers less familiar with Israeli history. The few pictures of historical newspaper ads and articles are well chosen and complement the discussion extremely well but are used sparingly. While this book seems to be targeted at a niche audience, scholars of different disciplines would benefit from it. Foremost, those interested in understanding Israeli culture and how Israel's pre-statehood times and diasporic identity developments still influence society today will find this book very informative. Scholars of collective identities and cultural transformation processes will find Hollander's analysis enriching as well. Overall, the book is an informative, critical, and deep-diving account of gendered representation and shows that cultural transformation is not a single line but in fact a multi-stranded composite of different forces, narratives, and processes which can occur simultaneously. With the sabra...

6 - Choosing Heaven: Negotiating Modernity in Diverse Social Orders


 
 
 
 
 
 Situated within the topic of geographical contexts of knowledge production, this article interrogates the youth policies of Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania to understand how they articulate the concepts of ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ in planning for youth development in their national socio-cultural settings. The focus is on each country’s approach to cultural transformation, in trying to divulge how the policymakers see the role of culture, both local and global, in young people’s lives, and articulate this notion in the policies to produce a politically desired alternative to Western modernity. The article goes on to discuss the extent to which ‘African modernity’ constructs are set out in these policy documents as attempts to ‘de-westernise’ the concept. It recognises Ghana’s approach as the most decolonial, for it distances the country’s cultural transformation process from the perceived universality of Western values. The article suggests that modernity, as an ‘imaginary pursuit’, becomes powerful only when one chooses to imagine it in the first place.
 
 
 
 Olga Bialostocka, Senior Research Specialist, Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council. Email: Obialostocka@hsrc.ac.za
 
 

Negotiating Cultural Transformation in the Performance Practice of Narratives in Kenya

ABSTRACT Culture is never static but continues to change. The narrative is one of the prosaic performances in cultures with an oral tradition. Such prosaic performances are culture bearers and signifiers. Change in societal setup has affected the contexts within which the narrative is performed. In Kenya, one of these contexts is at the Kenya National Drama and Film Festival (KNDFF). This paper interrogates the identity of the narrative at the KNDFF space in Kenya. The narrative is broken down into parts in order to identify and discuss the present state of each part. The parts are: guiding principles of performance practice of the narratives at KNDFF, narrative structure, themes and topical issues encapsulated in the narratives, songs and dances, narrative language use and narrative audiences. In addition, there is a comparison made between the performance practice of the narrative in the traditional context and that at the KNDFF. This paper then discusses how change has taken place in the narrative and how the process of cultural transformation has been negotiated in the performance practice of the narrative.

Perceived facilitating and hindering factors to exclusive breastfeeding among Latin American immigrant women living in Colmenar Viejo (Community of Madrid, Spain).

The way in which an infant is breastfed by a migrant woman reflects her bio-psycho-social circumstances and her process of cultural transformation and adaptation to the host country. Exploring facilitating and hindering factors to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of immigrant mothers in Spain is essential for the development of guidelines that protect EBF. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the factors perceived as facilitating or hindering EBF during the first six months of the baby's life by Latin American women living in Colmenar Viejo, a city in the Community of Madrid (Spain). We carried out in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews between December 2018 and February 2019 with 11 Latin American mothers who were recruited through key informants and snowball sampling. We audio-recorded the interviews, transcribed them, and performed content analysis to examine the data. EBF was facilitated by the mother and her family having information about its benefits, lower economic expenses, family and healthcare system support, certain popular and spiritual beliefs, and the mother's acculturation process in Spanish society. The hindering factors identified were the perception of EBF as a sacrifice, incompatible with working life, with unsightly and painful consequences for the mother, insufficient to nourish the baby and ineffective after some months, poorly supported by the broader social environment and the healthcare system. EBF was restricted by certain popular beliefs, associated with a stigma if abandoned, and linked to less economically favored social classes. Some of these hindering or facilitating factors are similar to those present in the original Latin American society or the receiving Spanish society. EBF is a complex process, with satisfactory and suffering stages, regulated by beliefs and experiences. EBF must be promoted intersectorally by governmental, health and societal actors considering the biological, psychological, social, and cultural characteristics of the mother and her community.

Social Awareness and Responsibility in Context of Polish Service Companies

Abstract Companies operating on the market have to cope with a variety of crisis situations which may adversely affect their development and jeopardise the achievement of their objectives. A crisis situation may, on the one hand, have a negative impact on the development of the company, but, on the other hand, it may provide a stimulus and have a constructive effect on its functioning. One of the factors influencing the ability to function of a business, including crisis situations, is its organisational culture. Therefore, a company responding to the situation should assess the conditions both in its environment and inside it and verify the artefacts, the system of values and the main principles that are the basis for building an organisational culture. Many companies that are dealing with a crisis situation decide to undertake a conscious process of cultural transformation. However, it requires the management to take appropriate actions and the time of a crisis situation is a test for many companies – whether in such a difficult moment something can still be done with the organisational culture, or whether the entrepreneurs can only wait for its inevitable impact on the functioning of the company. The subject of this article is the impact of a crisis situation on changes occurring within the organisational culture. The study attempts to evaluate the role of organizational culture in crisis situations based on the current state of knowledge and crisis events related to COVID-19.

Re-scripting Riyadh’s historical downtown as a global destination: a sustainable model?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the planned urban renewal and re-scripting of Riyadh’s downtown as part of the capital’s aim to become a globally recognized city. Specifically, this paper examines in how far internationally established values and narratives are leveraged in the creation of an urban mega-destination that seeks to attract a transnational class of knowledge workers and tourists. The question is explored, in how far and to what extent urban heritage sites and iconic architectural projects are used as strategic tools to promote a process of cultural and economic transformation and in how far the resulting symbolic capital is leveraged to create a status of singularization that appeals to a national and international audience. This study investigates several neighborhoods in the area, analyzing how these will be transformed by Riyadh’s plan to turn the downtown into a commercially viable mixed-use destination by means of designated heritage destinations and iconic architecture.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the views and experiences of governmental agencies, architects, developers and residents who are directly or indirectly involved with the planned restructuring of Riyadh’s historical downtown. In total, 40 semi-structured interviews were drawn from this stakeholder group to investigate their current understanding of the downtown associated with the effort to convert Riyadh’s historical downtown into a profitable urban destination. Five of these interviews were conducted with involved planning offices, and 35 with current residents in the area. In addition, a detailed site survey was conducted through a series of maps to reveal existing land uses, building typologies, states of disrepair, activity levels, pedestrian and car circulation patterns, as well as landmarks, and public spaces in each of the areas.FindingsThe subsequent data show that despite many positive outcomes in terms of commercial redevelopment, the adaptive reuse of the existing urban fabric is not considered, nor the preservation of underutilized or abandoned buildings along with its resident diverse communities, activities and milieus, many of which carry on evolving traditions.Research limitations/implicationsThis is significant because this paper presents a massive case study that ties into a larger debate on cultural globalization where similar practices around the world entail a spatial reorientation of urban districts to attract a transnational cosmopolitan middle class along with a simultaneous displacement of diverse and migrant communities, albeit on a much larger scale. While highlighting the rationale and effectiveness of this approach to create a well-packaged commodity, this paper also underscores the ambiguous consequences of this strategy, which entails the loss of a layered urban fabric that documents the city’s evolution through different economic periods, along with the dispersal of migrant communities and their vernacular practices.Social implicationsWithin this context, the current cultural value of the downtown as a heterogeneous, dynamic and multilayered fabric is debated, which documents the socio-economic conditions of the times in which these layers were formed. Departing from the UNESCO’s 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape and globally accepted sustainability standards, this study contrasts the proposed top-down tabula rasa approach proposed by the local authorities with an inclusive bottom-up approach, which would focus on the adaptive reuse of existing structures by taking into consideration the social meanings of belonging that heritage has for contemporary communities while fostering a more inclusive understanding of heritage as an ongoing cultural process.Originality/valueThe implications of the planned conversion of Riyadh’s historical downtown into an urban destination have not been previously explored and as a result, there is a conflict of interest between the creation of a marketable image, the preservation of heritage values, sustainable urban practices, social inclusion and Riyadh’s aim to become a globally recognized city.Plain abstractThis paper explores the employment of urban renewal and city branding within the context of Riyadh’s aim to become a world city. Within this framework, the paper examines the capital’s plan to convert the historic downtown into a mega-destination for the country’s middle class and national and international tourists.

Family Literacy of Baduy Tribe: an Ethnographic Study

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to reveal the family literacy practices of Baduy tribe at Lebak Regency, Banten Province. Family literacy in this paper refers to an intergenerational learning in in Baduy tribe families, which include how family learns, uses reading and writing activities to do daily task, and other literacy activities to maintain family relationship. Family literacy in Baduy is called intergenerational learning in which the learning method that is practiced in families and communities leads to the creation of a process of cultural and educational transformation in a society. This study utilizes ethnographic approach by conducting interviews with sixteen families (father and mother) and eighteen children and youth. Data analysis includes the four stages of ethnographic data analysis, namely domain, taxonomy, component and theme analysis. The results showed that family literacy in the Baduy tribe last a lifetime, starting from children aged 7 days to 10 years. The literacy activities of the Baduy family cannot be separated from the their culture and beliefs. This culture is passed down from generation to generation with an intergenerational learning approach, it is the process of delivering literacy that is practiced directly within the family.

Cultural Dynamics for Sustainability: How Can Humanity Craft Cultures of Sustainability?

Humanity faces twin problems of adaptation—natural environmental challenges of climate change and global humanitarian challenges of ensuring well-being for all—that pose a dilemma for sustainable development. One way forward is to develop cultures of sustainability that highlight and reward the ideas and practices that will help us transition to a sustainable lifestyle. Although institutional responses are necessary and multidisciplinary approaches are required, individual citizens can also participate in cultural dynamics—the process of cultural formation, maintenance, and transformation—to craft cultures of sustainability, and psychological science can point to potential mechanisms for effecting this cultural change. Informed by the niche-construction perspective, I suggest that the critical ingredients of cultures of sustainability include (a) conceptions of human–nature connectedness, (b) conceptions of human–artifact relation, (c) interpersonal conversations about sustainability norms within social networks, and (d) visions of an achievable utopia for a sustainable future. Further research and action are called for.

The trend of making cultural transformation in the community in terms of communication and according to the religion teaching

Objective: In order to achieving the development, at first, we must be precisely defined this concept and identify its purpose. For preparing development path, it is essential a cultural transformation in the community. We have to understand the process of cultural transformation, at first, investigated to the experiences of the impact of communications technology on the culture field. Methodology: If communication initially cause a convergence wave in accordance to the opposition between social advantage and individual benefits, whatever decision makers carry out toward the dissemination of aim, public acceptance would gained, otherwise the communication project would be useless. In trying to create such a wave, the monotheism word recognition and fostering breath ethical aspects are two steps that between social interests and material interests of individuals establish unity and harmony. Transformation of Society would occur following the unity and harmony of the people world, the ideas world and the objects world with each other and with the aim of collection. In the most widespread of spiritual mode, the traits are under the control of the soul and all forces in society have the transcendental movement. Results: With the fading of spiritual, the traits are dominated by wisdom, all forces are not on the move and their moving parts, as well as overall, is not in the transcendental. With the loss of spiritual, the traits dominated by instincts are torn of together and becomes dominant individualism, this is the same situation that history calls it the era of decadence. Conclusion: Of course, evolution, fertility and its compatibility with social-economic environment of contemporary period requires much time and effort. This researcher, while visiting the books, articles, magazines and journals that was somehow related to the issue, he is collecting literature and theoretical foundations in this context and then is used the method of inductive research.

TRANSFORM THE WAYANG FIGURE IN THE SERAT DAMARWULAN MANUSCRIPT

This study aims to reveal the elements that experience the process of cultural transformation and the meaning illustrated through the illustrations of wayang figures in the Serat Damarwulan Manuscript. In this study, descriptive qualitative methods are used, namely placing words or sentences in a logical structure to explain concepts in the relationships between existing elements. Furthermore the data in the form of a sign system will provide a more comprehensive understanding. Transformation of wayang characters is a transition or change that occurs in the surface structure of a set of symbols of figures in wayang to become figures that are likened to or equated with characters in Serat Damarwulan, while the structure in the puppet characters themselves has not changed. The results of this study indicate that the elements undergoing cultural transformation in addition to scripts and languages are also illustrations that show the character of wayang characters in the characters contained in the Serat Damarwulan Manuscript. Knight figures such as Ronggolawe and Damarwulan are portrayed as Bima and Arjuna characters. While evil figures like Menakjinggo are portrayed as giants. These figures give meaning in the Serat Damarwulan, but in their own way the characters remain or do not change. This shows that the Serat Damarwulan Manuscript describes the process of cultural transformation in the form of puppet characters from Hindu-Buddhist to Islam that goes peacefully by not changing the main character, storyline, or background.

UNDERSTANDIG THE MANIPULATED CONTEMPORARY BODY THROUGH BODY PRACTICES

In this research, the contemporary body, the current conditions of which are manipulated by the rulers, are discussed with applications related to body and performance ar. In the study the body, which is the main characteristic of social life, is examined through the association of concepts such as the consumption industry, technology, image, icon, perception management and surveillance society. As can be seen from sociological research, the contemporary body is experiencing a rapid cultural transformation process. This situation has reached the extent that the subject is manipulated by system networks which create temporary happiness. The transformation of consumption tools into status-defining components leads to an ambiguity of real needs. On the other hand, it is observed that the members of the contemporary society are turning into individuals who are unsatisfied with their appearance and act with the desire to be discernable or visible. The body, which is the most prominent display area of action and culture, is the first and only object of the subject. For this reason, humanity has primarily used its body as a means of self-expression. Within this indicative context of the body art is one main of the forms of expression that stand out. Art production is shaped by the dynamics of its age. It is seen that the body, which is an indispensable element of art as well as the social domain, has been chosen as the subject in every period during the historical process. While the body was historically the passive object of art for ages, in the age of technology it has evolved into being the subject of art. Keywords: Consumption Culture, perception management, commodification, Body Art, Performance, Image, Manipulation, Body, Surveillance Society