Civilizing Process Research Articles

A Historical Analysis of Conflict, Decline, and Renewal

Abstract: Over the past five decades, the concept of civilization has been widely discussed among scholars, policy makers, and the general public. The academic community has published a great deal of research on topics such as the clash, decline, collapse and revival of civilizations. Many scholars believe that the interaction and conflict between different civilizations are important factors in the course of human history. At the same time, governments are faced with the challenges posed by the clash of civilizations over ethnic, regional and national issues, which often lead to social unrest and political instability. For most people, their standard of living, economic status, and level of education are greatly affected by the civilization in which they live. The study of civilization should not only be limited to specific people, times or places, but should also be examined in the broader historical process. This paper proposes that a more realistic and objective perspective can be obtained only through the in-depth study of the historical process of civilization.

Рождение социологии спорта и Лестерская историко-социологическая школа

The paper describes the origins of sports sociology in Great Britain within the “Leicester School” of Historical Sociology of Norbert Elias, explaining the causes for the strong influence of the ideas of Elysianism on the present-day international sociology of sports. The overall development of the historical and sociological “Leicester School” of the 1960s and 1970s, its influence on the sociology of Great Britain, as well as the role of Elias and Ilya Neustadt in its formation are shown. The contemporary historical and sociological tradition of social analysis, inspired by the ideas of Elias and called the ‘sociology of process’ or ‘figurative research’, is described. Its key features are indicated: focus on relations–in–progress, relativism, studies of phenomena in their dynamics, the collection of historical materials, comparative analysis, and interdisciplinarity. The seminal works of Eric Dunning and Elias on sports sociology are considered, in addition to the early development of this field of studies. It is noted that both authors viewed sport and leisure activities as a means to understand society and proposed a sociological interpretation of sport as a tool for the civilizational process. Their work was based not only on a theoretical framework, but also on extensive historical research. This contributed to the early acceptance of the ideas of Leicester School during the establishment of international sports sociology in the 1960s. The paper is based on an informal interview in 2010 with Eric Dunning, the founding father of the British Sociology of Sport, co-author and student of Norbert Elias.

ADAM SMITH ON THE PROCESS OF CIVILIZATION AND THE ROLE OF COUNTERFACTUAL REASONING

This paper examines Adam Smith’s use of counterfactual reasoning in his analysis of the “process of civilization” and its implications for modern economics. Smith, influenced by Isaac Newton, Robert Simson, Francis Hutcheson, and David Hume, employed counterfactual reasoning to critique the Mercantile System by comparing actual economic developments with the “natural course of events.” His physiocratic bias limited his engagement with emerging industrial advancements, yet his methodological contributions remain significant. Smith’s focus on “what if?” questions in policy discussions continues to shape modern economic thought, despite some limitations in fully realizing his theoretical framework.

ОНИМ «ГОРЬКИЙ» И РИТОРИКА ПЬЕСЫ «НА ДНЕ» В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕТАФОРЕ

The article examines metaphors from M. Gorky’s play “The Lower Depths” in the printed and electronic media texts of the last decade. In the contemporaty political discourse they are represented in a wide range of structural and functional vatiations: exact quotation; truncated quotation; quotation with the replacement of one part or the introduction of an additional component into the construction; cognitive function, clarifying the nature of a particular social phenomenon or object; emotive-evaluative and modeling functions, clarifying the meaning of a certain social phenomenon or aiming at its discrediting; hypothetical and polemical functions, characterizing civilizational processes. The article reveals that the onym «Gorky» is less spread than Gorkian metaphors in the contemporary as well as in the entire post-Soviet media. In the early Soviet journalism the situation was the opposite. It is noted that in the 1920s Gorkian metaphors were negatively applied to the personality of the writer himself; the 1930s were characterized by the unprecedented frequency of the usage of the onym in order to glorify the writer, while his creative work was quite neglected. Meanwhile, elements of direct and implicit polemics with the author of «The Lower Depths» in contemporary media, and the «Gorky.media» Internet project reveal certain convergence of the onym with the metaphor. The article states that the attention to Gorky’s rhetoric in the media environment is mostly related to the peculiarities of the writer’s creative personality (artist and public figure in one person) as well as to his genre and style preferences (maxims, aphorisms, allegory, symbol, journalistic techniques).

THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AIMED AT INCREASING HUMAN VALUE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

The article gives a sociological definition of the concept of human value, reveals the role and significance of human value in the development of society and the state. Also, the scientific theories and discoveries of Eastern thinkers who lived and worked in the 9th-11th centuries, such as Abu Nasr Farabi, Musa Al-Khorazmi, Al Fargani, Mirza Ulugbek, which had a methodological influence on increasing the value of man, are analyzed in detail and a sociological assessment is given by scientists of the East and The West with their scientific discoveries and theories, scientific views. KEY WORDS: Teachings of Eastern thinkers, Western Europe, human value, social, social state, social inequality, society, methodological influence, human needs, science and discoveries, civilizational processes, Avesta, Abu Nasr Farabi, Musa Al-Khorazmi, Al Fargani.

Духовно-культурное наследие народов Северного Кавказа в условиях современной цивилизации: проблемы сохранения и изучения

The spiritual and cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus is considered, the study of which is a major theoretical and practical task in the current conditions of socio-cultural development of Russia. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the impact of global, civilizational processes occur-ring in the world on the country. The spiritual and cultural heritage of the region has its own characteristics due to various linguistic, ethnographic, spiritual, mental values. And they are multifaceted, including the very ethnic components, as well as the influence of spiritual and cultural values of Russian culture. In this regard, a broad cultural analysis and identification of appropriate models of socio-cultural representations are necessary. Researchers of cultural heritage pay considerable attention to the analysis of spiritual and cultural values that require new approaches, understanding, reconstruction, and counteraction to radical manifestations. The spiritual and cultural values of the Ingush, Ossetians, Kabardians, Karachays, and Chechens are specific; their worldview combines ancient pagan, religious, and modern values, forming a spiritual and cultural symbiosis of diverse heterogeneous components. Any attempts to unify the spiritual and cultural values of the peoples of the North Caucasus in the context of modern globalization are counterproductive; moreover, they can lead to ethnocultural degradation. It is important to preserve ethnocultural and region-al diversity in close connection with the values of Russian culture, forming an all-Russian identity.

Social movements and the 2030 Agenda: the correlation between the progressist agendas and the Sustainable Development Goals

Since World War II, as of the Declaration of Human Rights, several social movements have undergone restructuring, encompassing multiple agendas that have solidified as catalysts for broad social and political changes. The social movements also played an important role in defining the current global agendas, such as the 2030 Agenda. To highlight the protagonism of social movements in the current Sustainability Agenda, this research presents progressist movements that emerged from the late 1940s, establishing a correlation with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. A narrative literature review was conducted, integrating definitions, concepts, and guidelines of the social movements. The results demonstrate the considerable role of social movements in reshaping the civilizational process that led to significant societal advancements across various fronts, including gender relations, racial, labor, and environmental issues.

Об историко-цивилизационной и культурной роли философии в современном мире: Россия и Европа

When considering the relationship of history and cultural and civilizational processes with philosophy, a typology of two types of philosophy is proposed. More precisely, there are two types of philosophy of justice – “equivalence” and “qualification”. The first, unfortunately, is the most common in politics, especially European, Euro-Atlantic or rather Western, is one of the most significant causes of crises and wars, both in history and in modern times. It is the equivalence that, in fact, is synonymous with blood feud (talion), in which retribution becomes equivalent to a crime. In this case, each of the conflicting parties acts as a subject of law and considers itself an injured party. At the same time, one of the parties (as can be seen from the example of Europe when studying its history, especially the last 500 years of colonial history) considers itself to be the only source of rulemaking in the contractual coordinate system. Which in fact leads, without any exceptions, in the history and, most importantly, in the present, to the multiplication of conflicts and the rejection of peace negotiations in principle. Both the past and the present of the political, historical, civilizational, and cultural development of mankind testify to this. This is the philosophy of political solipsism. The qualification, or as it is called in Roman law – “humane justice in favor of freedom”, is more appropriate, as the experience of history in general and the historical development of Russia, in particular, with its multinational composition of statehood, which has preserved about 190 nations and nationalities during its centuries-old development, proceeds from the fact that the norm is not relative and it is not conventional, but has apodictic characteristic and it involves a long process of public-legal coordination of representative databases in the form of various socio-political relations (including conflict ones) in their correlation with the interests of conflicting subjects. And norms, the recognition of the universality and necessity of which on the part of the contracting parties is an indispensable condition for overcoming any crisis. This is the philosophy of political symphonism and synergy. When comparing the relationship between philosophy and history, philosophy and culture, it should be born in mind that it (philosophy) primarily carries the educational function, and at the same time the function of strategic planning, but not a predictive function. Otherwise, we get what can be called “parallel” or, as they say now, “block thinking”, unable to distinguish in the long term, medium-term, and even in the short term, the true and false types of progress, with all their consequences in the history of cultures and civilizations. Or what could be recognized as political solipsism, incapable of any interaction of cultures and negotiation processes in domestic affairs and international relations.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФОРМ, МЕТОДІВ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ STEM-ОСВІТИ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАТИКИ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

Modern civilizational processes in Ukraine contribute to the growth of the level of influence of information and technological factors in social relations. In particular, the reform of the New Ukrainian School and state documents regarding the introduction of STEM-education have brought changes to the educational process in Ukraine. Today, many works are devoted to the theoretical issues of STEM-education, which are revealed in the works of I. Vasylashko, S. Halata, O. Korshunova; the need to use STEM-approaches in education are noted by: V. Andriievska, Yu. Botuzova, D. Vasylieva; information competence is highlighted by O. Baranovska, O. Barna, S. Halyk, and others. The purpose of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of the use of forms, methods and technologies of STEM-education in the process of studying informatics in secondary education institutions. There are used theoretical methods, analysis, concrete research methods: synthesis, generalization, comparison in the article. To conduct a full-fledged lesson, it is necessary to start with the preparation of the topic, the purpose of the lesson and, as a result, the choice of forms of education, which are classified according to the following criteria: the number of students (individual, group, pair, frontal and collective), their use depends on the type of lesson, the level of knowledge of students; criterion of the place of study: school (computer class) or extracurricular (homework); by lesson duration: regular lesson and pair lesson. We highlighted modern forms of educational organization that are the basis of STEM-education: lesson-class, hackathon, quest, project, lesson-excursion, lesson-research and others. In order to increase the assimilation of information, it is worth using teaching methods, which should be divided into groups: 1) according to the source of the material (verbal, visual, practical); 2) by the nature of educational and cognitive activity (explanatory and illustrative, reproductive, problem presentation, research and heuristic, concrete and inductive methods); 3) according to methods of organizing students’ activities (problematic methods, methods of control and self-control of knowledge, methods of stimulation and motivation, methods of self-education). Active (imitation, non-imitation), interactive, innovative, practical teaching methods are also highlighted. The final stage is the characterization of learning technologies. in general, traditional and modern ones are distinguished. The analysis of the literature made it possible to identify the following subcategories of STEM-technologies: game, simulation, information and communication, project, cognitive, convergent, robotics. For example, the introduction of game technologies will allow students to learn the material, consolidate theory and practice in a game form, correct their own knowledge: passing quests on Vseosvita, Quizlet, Kahoot, testing on ClassMarker, Quizalize, WordWall. Simulation includes modeling of real situations, creation of virtual, simulating environments. Information and communication technologies include various systems and learning tools (mobile devices, software, communication networks, the Internet, and computers). Let’s consider project technologies, which have a number of advantages and challenges (availability of resources, motivation of students, correct assessment and organization of work, allocation of a longer period of time for preparation and conducting lessons). Cognitive technologies should be directed to the development of memory, the ability to learn, and work with new inventions. Convergent technologies are used to create interactive, multi-platform and effective learning environments. Robotics connects LEGO ESSENTIAL, LEGO Mindstorms, Arduino robotics, their programming and project activities. The implementation of STEM-education in computer science classes helps to create students’ interest and develop their creative and problem-solving thinking. We considered the classification of forms of education, groups of methods and STEM-technologies that should be used in the process of studying informatics. The conducted research does not exhaust all aspects of the considered problem and requires further research into the forms, methods, and technologies of STEM-education in the process of studying informatics in secondary education institutions. Key words: STEM-education, STEM-studying, STEM-technologies, project, innovations, methods, robotics

Come cambia il lavoro organizzato nell’epoca della digitalizzazione. Una lettura eliasiana

This paper contributes to the debate on the relationship between managerial control and organizational autonomy of employees, by highlighting the general directions in which this relationship has developed over time since the post-Fordist turn of half a century ago. These changes are accelerated and made more evident by the processes that go by the names of automation (1980s-1990s), informatization (mid-1990s-early 2000s), and digitization/Fourth Industrial Revolution. To this end, primary research data will not be analyzed here; instead, a rather diverse literature will be reviewed, both theoretical and empirical, addressing key themes for interpreting the changing situations of organized labor. The interpretative framework is primarily constituted by some conceptual categories borrowed from Norbert Elias’ processual sociology, summarized in the following points: a) the processual conception of social reality; b) power relations; c) the process of civilization; d) the relationship between I-identity and We-identity in contemporary society. Digitalization in organized work accentuates a most general trend, already clearly observable in the past but especially from the post-Fordist turn, towards forms of managerial control based more on employees self-control and assessment of outcomes than direct supervision of the work processes.

Research on the Inheritance Education of Yellow River Culture from the Bio-cultural Perspective

The Yellow River, as mother river, its culture has taken the lead of the overall process of Chinese civilization. The Yellow River culture originated from the interaction between local people and the Yellow River for thousands of years, so its culture is based on place. However, influenced by traditional research in the field of biology, environmental education(EE) has not included any cultural content, and EE and cultural inheritance education have always been two unrelated contents. Biocultural diversity(BCD) is the product of biological and cultural co-evolution in social-ecological systems. It advocates for the integration of culture and nature in conservation practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce the perspective of BCD and its new experience from the latest researches into the field of education. A broad bibliographic search in the databases was carried out by EDS(EBSCO DISCOVERY SERVICE) from De La Salle University Dasmariñas on-line Library. A review of relevant literature reveals the division between nature and culture in the field of conservation and education. Therefore, adopting a BCD perspective in inheritance education of Yellow River culture recommends beyond the epistemological bias of traditional EE, which views environmental education as a single content unrelated to culture, and advocates for interdisciplinary integration and the participation of different stakeholders, in order to achieve a broader public interest through comprehensive curriculum involvement. It has both theoretical evidence and a large amount of empirical research support, indicating that the perspective introduced into education is correct and feasible for YR culture education, and it is a diverse, open, and inclusive attitude towards various disciplines and stakeholders. The curriculum development from biocultural perspective will be a beneficial educational and research attempt, which may be beneficial in improving the current problem of fine division of disciplines and weak applicability of subject knowledge.

From the principle of sustainable non-equilibrium to sustainable development

Ervin Bauer was Hungarian and Soviet scientist, who had a short, but bright and talented life. In 1935, working at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in the USSR, he published the book «Theoretical Biology», in which he proposed an idea of a special “non-equilibrium” state of living systems and the existence of internal machineries in the organism that work against thermodynamic equilibrium and increase the organism's capacity for work. Currently, this idea is called “the principle of sustainable non-equilibrium” or “Bauer's principle”. During the repressions of the 1930s in the USSR, Bauer was executed, the book « Theoretical Biology» was banned. Currently, his works are poorly known, especially outside the post-socialist region. We believe that his ideas could help in rethinking not only the biochemistry and bioenergetics of cells and tissues of living organisms, but also biogeochemical and civilizational processes on a planetary scale.

Proses Pemberadaban Membatik Pada Perempuan Sebagai Modal Budaya bagi Pembatik Madura, Desa Tanjungbumi, Bangkalan

Batik has become a cultural identity for Indonesian people. Madura Island also has cultural richness in the form of Madurese batik which is still preserved to this day, inseparable from the batik civilization of Tanjungbumi Village, Bangkalan Regency. This research is aim to identify the process of civilizing process of women's batik as the cultural capital of Madurese batik craftsmen in Tanjungbumi Village. This research conducted in Tanjungbumi Village in August 2023. The research method used qualitative research. Techniques through observation and interviews with purposive sampling. This research is very important and useful for stakeholders in formulating policies for developing the Madurese batik business in Tanjungbumi Village, Bangkalan Regency. The results of the study shows that the process of civilizing process of batik according to Norbert Elias can take place through two processes, namely psychogenesis and sociogenesis. First, psychogenesis can be understood through batik techniques that have been passed down from generation to generation by families. The philosophical meaning of batik as basic knowledge through the family is then internalized by batik makers in producing batik. The value of tenacity and patience inherent in women as part of the sociogenesis of batik making needs to be owned and produced repeatedly. Second, sociogenesis takes place as a reinforcement of the social construction that women are still synonymous with batik. Third, this civilization process will become cultural capital that can be maintained, including through the social institutions of the family, batik community and government through batik development training in Tanjungbumi Village, Bangkalan

V ALL-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION «PERSONALITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN SOCIETY»

In recent years, we have openly declared our move away from the Soviet legacy in the educational sphere. And today it is important to offer interesting practice-oriented classes to the participants of the educational process that would not push a person away from the learning process, but rather encourage them to actively immerse themselves in it. After all, the high-tech world has long recognized the special importance of science and knowledge in the civilization processes of scientific and technological progress, sustainable development of national economies, and improvement of citizens' lives. The modern interactive and meaningful educational environment has a positive impact on all participants in the educational process, from children who become more confident, curious and open-minded to adults who do not stop but continue to improve and develop professionally. Despite the fact that today Ukraine is experiencing military actions of the occupier, more than a hundred destroyed and damaged schools and higher education institutions, we must lay a stable foundation for democracy, civic engagement and professional environment of people who will continue to build the Ukrainian state. Education and science predict the prospects for human development and prepare people for tomorrow, so we must start today to form conscious citizens who will rebuild the country after our victory. We are active participants in reforms in secondary education under the New Ukrainian School Concept and transformations in higher education, which are focused on the future of Ukraine and a democratic society. Therefore, the entire education system of the region and the country is balanced and focused on the optimal network of educational institutions, on improving the content and quality of educational services, which will outline new dimensions of educational activities and performance, and provide space for the use of new digital resources for the educational development of the individual. In these areas, we find the experience of European national models of education, practices of educational activities and teaching life competencies quite interesting. 16 Ukrainian science and education is gaining unique European integration experience that promotes the use of innovative pedagogical teaching methods, the development of algorithms for using digital technologies and supporting individual entrepreneurial thinking, and the development of personal language skills as a means of active communication and professional development. All of this is done to expand educational opportunities for students' learning and development. In the above contexts, the question arises: is a new strategy in the field of education and science needed? We can confidently answer that we need a strategic plan and, in general, we need to fully adopt European principles of strategic planning - to actively fill them with new principles, plans and results of the education reform. Everything is aimed at developing and building the state and a person.

Implementation of circuit of culture theory in Surabaya's integrated public transportation services towards the culture of choosing modern public transportation

This article aims to see the implementation of the circuit of culture theory in Surabaya's integrated public transportation services towards the culture of choosing modern transportation. One of the modern-based public transportation in Surabaya is the Suroboyo Bus. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, with the help of the circuit of culture theory coined by Stuart Hall. Based on the implementation of the circuit of culture theory in this discussion, it can be seen from three aspects, namely representation, identity, and consumption. The choice of modern public transportation is seen as a cultural phenomenon in society. People tend to choose public transportation which has the best facilities, affordable fares, and makes driving safe and comfortable. The Suroboyo bus has been programmed by the Surabaya City government since 2018. One of the missions to be achieved is to make the Suroboyo bus a modern form of transportation that is popular with the public and reduces congestion. However, the number of traffic jams cannot be reduced if social control is not carried out through a civilization process, namely disciplining people's behavior and attitudes in traffic.

From Scapegoating to the Culture of Cruelty: (Mis)Managing Mimetic Desire and Violence in Late Modernity

Due to the ‘civilizing process’ (Elias), the overall level of violence is decreasing; yet its transforming patterns persist. The article aims at examining the contemporary structures and mechanisms responsible for violence control, while also exploring the newly emerging, naturalized patterns of cruelty. Firstly, René Girard’s mimetic theory is overviewed: while in archaic societies, mimetic crisis is controlled by sacrificial rites, modernization reconfigures this paradigm. Secondly, these transformations are mapped: mimetic desire is channelled into the market processes, while mimetic crisis is managed by the state monopolizing violence. Thirdly, the structural transformations of late modernity upsetting the fragile balance of state and market are analysed: secular scapegoating becomes part of the political toolset, while the private sphere is overwhelmed by undetectable new forms of hurting and self-harming. As a culture of cruelty is naturalized, mimetic crisis becomes a continuous threat, which generates a need for the functional equivalents of sacrificial violence control.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN EDUCATION (An Overview Of Women's Roles In Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi)

The role of women is very important in instilling the noble value of maternal culture and the noble value that should be preserved even though the era has changed where there are challenges of modernization. Response to globalization while maintaining the noble value of culture requires efforts to instil and form characters that can adapt to changes by maintaining local wisdom because education is a civilizing process that cannot be separated from the role of women to make it happen. This field research uses survey methods or observations in the field or research location to obtain data as a primary source. While the secondary data is sourced from excavation and search of books, internet, FGD and, other records that are considered to have a relationship and can support this study. The research approach used is a sociological, historical, and normative approach. The role of women can be seen in daily life in the indigenous community of Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi in maintaining and implementing the noble cultural values of the community “ibu bumi bapa langit, guru mangsa” which basically in their lives, people should preserve nature in rice culture community.

Dunking bizcochos: Sociability and the Material Culture of Chocolate in Eighteenth-Century Spain

ABSTRACT This article examines the social practices and material culture surrounding the consumption of chocolate in eighteenth-century Spain, through the practice of dipping bizcochos (sponge biscuits). Yet dipping biscuits into chocolate appears ubiquitously in early modern textual and visual sources, this custom has been mostly overlooked by historians. By focusing on the materiality of chocolate consumption, this study offers another example of a more complicated and nuanced story of ‘the civilising process’ and manners in the eighteenth century. An examination of underexplored visual, textual and material evidence allows us to further our understanding of how the introduction of chocolate had a profound impact on Spanish economies, culture and society. Overall, the focus on bizcochos (and dipping) opens a window to explore broader cultural phenomena regarding sociability, table manners, and gender relations in the Spanish Enlightenment.

Applying the concept of ‘PE-for-sport-literacy’: exploring pre-service teacher identities with a new way of teaching sport

ABSTRACT We explored how a physical education teacher education (PETE) programme at an Australian university influenced physical education pre-service teacher (PEPST) sport teaching identities. Our methodology utilised Elias’s [2012a [1970, 1978]. What is sociology? Collected works (Vol. 5). University College Dublin Press] personal pronouns as a figurational model which shows how social group (‘we’) identity relates to outsiders (‘they’) as well as individual members (‘I’) within communities. We also drew upon the concepts of figuration [Elias, N. (2012b [1939]). On the process of civilisation, collected works (Vol. 3). University College Dublin Press], habitus [Elias, N. (2010 [1987]). The society of individuals, collected works (Vol. 10). University College Dublin Press] and established and outsider theory [Elias, N., & Scotson, J. L. (2008 [1965]). The established and the outsiders. Collected works (Vol. 4). University College Dublin Press]. By examining if and how the ‘I’ pronoun was used in a written assessment task, we sought to ascertain the extent PEPSTs might apply the concept of ‘PE-for-sport-literacy’ (PE4SL) in their future careers. Just over half the participants wrote ‘I’ statements about how they would enact sport teaching in convincing and believable ways, the remaining PEPSTs provided descriptive narratives, suggesting a limited engagement with PE4SL, using writing styles more akin to academic writing, with little or no use of the ‘I’ pronoun. Our findings are important because, there have been limited studies about the process of teacher identity formation in teacher education [Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: An overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(2), 175–189] and fewer studies about the construction of PEPST identity [Liu, J., & Keating, X. D. (2022). Development of the Pre-service Physical Education Teachers’ Teacher Identity Scale. European Physical Education Review, 28(1), 186–204] and PE teacher identity [Virta, J., Hökkä, P., Eteläpelto, A., & Rasku-Puttonen, H. (2019). Professional identity among student teachers of physical education: The role of physicality. European Journal of Teacher Education, 42(2), 192–210]. Our findings then, add to the finite stock of knowledge concerning PEPST teacher identity development, by drawing attention to the varied ways our participants engaged with PE4SL. This study reinforces previous research that highlighted that as teacher educators, the knowledge we teach does not automatically translate into beginning teacher practices [Brown, D. (2005). An economy of gendered practices? Learning to teach physical education from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's embodied sociology. Sport, Education and Society, 10(1), 3–23; Fernández-Balboa, J.-M. (2009). Bio-pedagogical self-reflection in PETE: Reawakening the ethical conscience and purpose in pedagogy and research. Sport, Education and Society, 14(2), 147–163].

The civilizing process theory as a theoretical-methodological possibility in the humanities and social sciences

Norbert Elias studied the development processes of different occidental societies. Adopting long-term comparative empirical research, the author built a conceptual repertoire that gave bases to the Civilizing Process Theory. His findings demonstrated that there is a mutual dependence relationship between social development (sociogenesis) and changes in individual consciousness and self-control (psychogenesis), present in different phenomena of human socialization. In this sense, this essay aims to present the Civilizing Process Theory fundamental concepts, developed by Norbert Elias, trying to demonstrate its potential as a theoretical-methodological reference in the Human and Social Sciences researches.