Process Of Agricultural Modernization Research Articles

Space Comparison of Agricultural Green Growth in Agricultural Modernization: Scale and Quality

Promoting agricultural green growth has become an indispensable key content to speed up the process of agricultural modernization, has become a necessary prerequisite to achieve common prosperity of the rural people, and has become the basic practice of implementing people-centered development thought in the stage of high-quality development. Many researchers have studied the problems, level measurement and route choice of the growth of agriculture. However, there have been few studies on how to promote the agricultural green growth from the perspective of agricultural modernization, and how to combine the green agricultural GDP with the agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP). To address this research inadequacy, in this paper, we focus on the time and space comparison of green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition, and summarize and discuss the key factors affecting agricultural GTFP. The results show that the share of output value of green agriculture in Tongren City is relatively high within the region of the province, and there is a large temporal and spatial difference between the change of agricultural GTFP and agricultural technology utilization efficiency and agricultural technology progress. At the same time, the improvement of economic development level can significantly promote the rise of agricultural GTFP, agricultural technology utilization efficiency, and agricultural technology progress. On balance, our results compare green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition in time and space, and reveals their evolution law and development trend from the perspective of high-quality development of agricultural modernization. In this way, we can provide an empirical basis and decision-making reference for accelerating the high-quality development of agricultural modernization.

Towards Developing an Epidemic Monitoring and Warning System for Diseases and Pests of Hot Peppers in Guizhou, China

Guizhou province is the largest area of hot pepper cultivation and processing in China. However, diseases and pests are major bottlenecks for the sustainable development of the industry. This study proposes a solution that combines intelligent monitoring equipment, a prediction model and decision support system for hot peppers, including a demonstration of the solution in Guizhou province. We scouted hot pepper diseases and pests in Zunyi city, and deployed weather stations and automatic pathogens and pest monitoring equipment. A prediction model was developed to forecast powdery mildew and anthracnose based on long short-term memory, with accuracy of 0.74 and 0.68, respectively. Using big data analysis and an app for pest outbreaks as the front desks, we developed an epidemic monitoring and warning system for hot peppers in Guizhou. The results could effectively serve grass-roots managers, increase productivity, reduce production costs and overall have a high demonstration effect. This concept could be extended to other crops to accelerate the process of agricultural modernization in China.

Research on the High-Quality Development Model of China’s Grain Industry from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

Food security concerns people’s livelihood. Under the background of urban-rural integrated development and accelerated rural revitalization, high-quality grain production is the foundation of agricultural modernization, and grain industrialization is the only way to realize agricultural modernization. How to produce high-quality food has been widely concerned. The goal of this paper is to establish the modernization of the entire industrial chain of food production, laying a foundation for comprehensive revitalization for the high-quality development of the food industry and the realization of food industrialization. From the perspective of rural revitalization, the high-quality development model of China’s grain industry is studied. This paper gives new progress and new achievements in the high-quality grain development model, which requires a more precise and internally driven policy support system. The high quality of the food industry will help to improve the level of food industrialization, expand the economy of the food industry, accelerate the process of agricultural modernization, and ultimately realize rural revitalization and an all-round well-off society in rural areas.

Towards Agricultural Modernization and Industrial Development: Examining The Position of Small Holder Farmers in Tanzania

Tanzania is working towards agricultural modernization aiming and improving agricultural productivity. The aim has been to transform traditional agricultural practices with modern practices and help smallholder farmers improve their productivity. However, there has been mixed evidence on the success of such modernization efforts some showing success and others showing the failure. By using available literature, this paper aim at showing the position of smallholder farmers in agricultural modernization process. Findings shows that, agricultural modernization has left smallholder farmers under a marginalized position filled with land grabbing, problems on availability, accessibility, affordability and the quality of agricultural inputs together with the problem of market for agricultural products. As a deliberate effort to improve agriculture sector the government need to increase investment in agricultural inputs by facilitating the availability of industries which produce agricultural inputs like fertilizer. Also, the government should encourage farmers to join into cooperative unions or groups to help them have bargaining power when it comes to marketing their crops.

The Impact of Financial Development on Agricultural Enterprises in Central China Based on Vector Autoregressive Model

China is a large developing country, and there is no doubt that it is a large developing agricultural country. Agriculture has played a vital role in the development of the national economy since ancient times, and it serves as the foundation of China’s national economy. As agricultural modernization is the fundamental way of agricultural development, its source of funds must come from rural finance. The financial support of rural finance for agricultural modernization is the material basis and prerequisite for ensuring the healthy and rapid development of agricultural modernization. If there is no financial support from rural finance, the process of agricultural modernization will be hindered, and it will not benefit our country’s socialist modernization. Although our country’s rural financial system has been constantly changing and improving, our country’s current financial system still has many shortcomings and defects. In the process of supporting agriculture, rural finance has insufficient capital supply, which has become a “bottleneck” in the development of agricultural modernization, and to a certain extent has severely restricted the development of agricultural modernization. On the basis of existing literature research, this article systematically studies the influence of rural financial market structure on the development of agricultural enterprises in central China. The content includes agricultural total factor productivity and agricultural emission reduction. When analyzing the impact of rural financial market structure on agricultural development, this article also pays attention to its specific impact on agricultural development under the conditions of different types of enterprises.

Agricultural factor endowment differences and relative poverty nexus: an analysis of macroeconomic and social determinants.

Poverty is a significant global ongoing issue that influences a substantial amount of people despite all efforts to eliminate or lessen it. Although poverty is an eminent problem because of its negative consequences, many people are unaware of the concept of poverty. Poverty not only degradesthe human capacity but also undermines economic growth in developing regions. This research aims at exploring the impact and heterogeneity of agricultural factor endowment investment on rural relative poverty. By using thedata obtained from China household tracking survey (CFPS-2018), probit model approach was applied to analyze the relationship between agricultural factor endowment investment and rural relative poverty. Finally, the intermediary effect of the selected model was validated through the robustness test. The study findings showed that the input of agricultural factor endowment can alleviate the relative poverty in rural areas of China. Our study findings also revealed that there is a significant heterogeneity in family size, endowment type of agricultural technology elements and the agricultural type. A positive association between the investment in agricultural technology and land factor endowment with relative poverty alleviation by increasing the total value of cash and deposits was revealed from the results. The overall findings of this study provide useful insights to facilitate government institutions to stabilize the agricultural labor force, accelerate the process of agricultural modernization and provide careful consideration to land property rights.

The Panel Spatial Econometric Analysis for Development of Green Intensive Agriculture Based on Edge Computing and Internet of Things.

To further promote the modernization of agriculture and the prosperity of green industry, the analyses are made on the intensive level of agriculture by using spatial econometric model under the Internet of Things (IoT), and the optimal defense strategy is adopted for edge network equipment to ensure the security of agricultural information. Initially, the present work introduces the related concepts of agricultural intensive development and analyzes the important role of IoT in the development process of agricultural modernization. Next, it briefly explains the spatial econometric analysis method, introduces two basic spatial analysis models-spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM), and explains their principles in detail. Then, it signifies the characteristics of IoT and edge computing (EC) and designs the optimal defense strategy of edge network equipment from the perspective of IoT. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out based on the edge network defense strategy, and the spatial econometric analysis is carried out by taking the agricultural intensive development of counties in a Chinese province as an example. The experimental results show that with the increase of the number of edge network devices, the optimal strategy of edge network defense can be adopted while consuming certain computing resources. The agricultural technology input and intensive level in the jurisdiction have high spatial correlation, so it is necessary to establish a spatial econometric model for analysis. Additionally, the statistics of SLM is higher than that of SEM, which shows that SLM can better reflect the technology investment and spatial correlation than SEM does. Both industrial and agricultural division of labor and agricultural production link division of labor can promote the level of intensification, among which the promotion of industrial and agricultural division of labor is not very significant, while the promotion of agricultural production link division of labor is very significant.

TAMBOV GOVERNING ELITE IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-REFORM TRANSFORMATION

The article examines the period (1861-1898) after the abolition of serfdom in the region of Central Russia. This period is characterized by a difficult situation for the further development of the country in the new realities. Despite the modernization message from the upper echelons of power, in the depths of the regional elite, serf attitudes and customs were preserved, which were supported by peasant’s patriarchal psychology. In this article the information on the adjustment of the nobility and landowners to the post-reform realities, on actions to realize their interests is supplemented. In carrying out the research, general scientific and special historical methods were used. The work is based on the archival sources of the State Archive of the Tambov Region. According to the results of the study, it can be noted that the local administrative elites were inclined to expand the boundaries of their own power. The modernization impulses directed from the capital, although caught by the Tambov leadership and the nobility, were implemented in a refined manner, drawing from the local interests. With the economic crisis, the "crisis of the management elite" also grew. Local authorities were increasingly distanced from the process of agricultural modernization in the Tambov province, not realizing that the agrotechnical backwardness of the region, which was aggravating over the years, was actually turning into a hotbed of great tension and threatened with serious conflict situations.

Economic Effect of Rural Labor Transfer in China

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization, more and more rural labor force is gradually transferred to cities and non-agricultural industries. Although the transfer of rural labor force can increase farmers’ income, improve farmers’ quality of life, and accelerate the process of urbanization and agricultural modernization in China, the unreasonable transfer of rural labor force has also brought some problems to China’s agricultural development. This paper mainly through the method of combining theoretical derivation and empirical analysis, using the data from 2010 to 2015 to analyze, study the influence of rural labor transfer on agricultural production, explore the relationship between rural labor transfer and agricultural development and provide relevant policy suggestions.

Study on the impact of environmental pollution on farmland abandonment.

Farmland abandonment, as a manifestation of the low efficiency of the rural economy, has a profound impact on the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This study uses the 2016 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey data based on 8116 samples from 104 cities, constructs the Tobit model and IV Tobit model to analyze the land abandonment quantitatively from the perspective of environmental pollution. The results show that (1) environmental pollution can significantly increase the probability and area of land abandonment, (2) there is significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment, (3) the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment varies significantly with different family sizes and land management scales, but the land management scale is relatively more sensitive. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between environmental pollution and land abandonment in China and provides a basis for formulating relevant policies to strengthen the treatment of environmental pollution to solve the dilemma of land abandonment, which is of great practical significance to sustainable development of rural economy and the guarantee of food security in China.

Energy rebound effect associated with energy efficiency: an application to China’s agricultural sector

With the process of agricultural modernization, energy consumption in China’s agriculture has increased significantly these years. Based on this context, this study tries to investigate the rebound effect of China's agricultural energy consumption, and how the popularization of agricultural machinery impacts on energy rebound rate. Elasticity analysis and data envelopment analysis based on meta-frontier are used to conduct the research, which can make the energy rebound rate more accurate compared with previous studies. Some important findings are obtained based on these methods. First, it confirms that the energy consumption in China’s agricultural sector has significant rebound effect due to technical progress, which averages 0.7215 in short term and 0.5283 in long term. This indicates that the improvement of energy efficiency can only achieve 27.85 and 47.17% of the expected energy-saving target in the short and long term. Second, there is a distinct difference in energy rebound rate in China’s different regions, the eastern area has been always far ahead of central and western regions, which implies that it is more difficult for eastern region to achieve energy saving relying on technological progress. Third, the population of mechanization increased the energy rebound rate by 0.0002 temporarily and 0.0004 permanently in the research sample. Based on these research results, some important policy implications are recommended to reduce energy rebound rate for China’s agricultural sector.

Application of Combination Evaluation Method in Evaluation of Green Agriculture Development Level in China

The first document of the central government in 2021 proposed to strengthen the supervision of agricultural product quality and food safety, and vigorously develop green food and organic food. Green agriculture is the core of the future development of modern agriculture, which is closely related to food safety, environmental protection and sustainable use of resources, and is the basis for realizing agricultural and rural modernization. In this paper, three objective weighting methods (entropy method, principal component analysis method, factor analysis method) were used to assign the weight of China's green agriculture development level index in 2018, and then combined with the combination evaluation method to calculate the comprehensive score and ranking. On this basis, the 31 provinces and cities in China were divided into four types by cluster analysis: high level of green agriculture development, high level of green agriculture development, medium level of green agriculture development and low level of green agriculture development. According to the study, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui were the regions with higher green agriculture development in 2018. On the other hand, the five least developed provinces and cities are Beijing, Ningxia, Hainan, Tianjin and Tibet. The overall situation of green agriculture development in China is unbalanced among regions. Therefore, according to the agricultural economic basis of each province or city, some suggestions are put forward in the hope of improving the agricultural production environment, improving the quality of green agricultural products, realizing the balanced development of green agriculture among regions and speeding up the process of agricultural and rural modernization.

The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China.

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

Non-point source pollution in response to rural transformation development: A comprehensive analysis of China's traditional farming area

Controlling non-point source pollution (NPSP) has been viewed as a priority for realizing rural sustainability. Substantial literature has examined the effects of economic growth or urbanization on NPSP, while little work has been undertaken to investigate how rural transformation development (RTD) influence NPSP, and how differences in the process itself affect the impact that RTD has on such emissions. To fill these gaps, this paper empirically and comprehensively investigates the multiple effects of RTD on NPSP, by addressing three different dimensions of the RTD process-namely, regional urbanization, agricultural modernization, and land use transition. Longitudinal trends analysis of NPSP loads over the long-term (1990–2017) using the approach of inventory analysis was conducted to overcome the difficulty in gathering pollution monitoring data. Our results suggest that RTD generally presents an inverted “U” shaped relationship with NPSP, and differentiated evolution trajectories exist between different dimensions of RTD and different components and sources of NPSP. The turning points of total phosphor (TP) and planting industry-induced NPSP emission appear later than others. Land use transition and agricultural modernization process have significantly positive relations with the emissions from the planting industry. Furthermore, the evolution of NPSP is highly coupled with the shifts in national strategies, agricultural policies, and environmental regulations. These findings provide insights into the human-environment relation, suggesting that reasonable countermeasures should be formulated corresponding to the development stage of RTD.

Caracterização espacial da modernização agrícola dos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (2010 e 2017)

Este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma caracterização espacial do processo da modernização agrícola dos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir dos dados atuais do Censo Agropecuário de 2017 e o de 2006. Então, para explorar o fenômeno da modernização da agricultura, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística multivariada e Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE). Os resultados encontrados indicam que há autocorrelação espacial positiva entre os municípios. Desta forma, identificou-se que os municípios que apresentaram alto Índice de Modernização Agrícola (IMA) estão rodeados por municípios vizinhos que apresentaram também IMA elevado, localizados nas mesorregiões do Noroeste, Nordeste e Centro Ocidental Rio-grandense, evidenciando um efeito de transbordamento na difusão dessas tecnologias entre eles. E os municípios gaúchos que apresentaram baixos valores no seu IMA também estão rodeados por municípios vizinhos que apresentaram baixos níveis desse mesmo índice, sugerindo um contágio da carência tecnológica na atividade agrícola. Esses resultados refletem as heterogeneidades tecnológicas agrícolas entre os municípios gaúchos, indicando que os fatores da modernização agrícola não influenciam apenas no desenvolvimento rural, mas também no desenvolvimento regional. Palavras-chave: Modernização Agrícola. Distribuição Espacial. Análise Fatorial. Desenvolvimento Regional.

Explaining Peasants’ Intention and Behavior of Farmland Trusteeship in China: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Production

Developing countries generally face the problem of sustainable agricultural production during the process of agricultural modernization. Farmland trusteeship is an emerging mode of sustainable agricultural production and has played an important role in China. At present, the Chinese government has taken it as a pilot mode, but its effect also depends on the extensive participation of peasants. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and structural equation model (SEM) method, the paper analyzed peasants’ participation intention, behavior, drivers, and the influence of policy support on peasants’ participation behavior, using survey data of Jiangsu province and peasants’ participation variables. The results suggest that: (1) The behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control variables of peasants’ participation in farmland trusteeship have a significant direct impact on peasants’ willingness to participate, and these three factors indirectly influence peasants’ participation behavior by influencing peasants’ intention; (2) perceptual behavioral control variables such as the size of farmland trusteeship organization had no significant influence on peasants’ participation behaviors; (3) government policy support has a direct and significant impact on peasants’ participation behaviors. These findings not only generate broad direct implications for Chinese policymakers to improve peasants’ participation for sustainable agricultural production, but also provide lessons for other developing countries for agricultural modernization.

The impact of epidemics on agricultural production and forecast of COVID-19

PurposeThis article investigates the mechanism of the direct and indirect effects of epidemics on agricultural production and projects the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural output in China.Design/methodology/approachThis article first adopts a dynamic panel model and spatial Durbin model to estimate the direct and indirect effects, followed by a growth accounting method to identify the channels by which epidemics affect agriculture; finally, it projects the overall impact of COVID-19 on agriculture.FindingsThe incidence rate of epidemics in a province has a negative impact on that province's own agricultural productivity, but the increase in the input factors (land, fertilizer and machinery) can make up for the loss and thus lead to insignificant direct effects. However, this “input-offset-productivity” mechanism fails to radiate to the surrounding provinces and therefore leads to significant indirect/spillover effects. It is projected that COVID-19 will lower China's agricultural growth rate by 0.4%–2.0% in 2020 under different scenarios.Research limitations/implicationsIt is crucial to establish a timely disclosure and sharing system of epidemic information across provinces, improve the support and resilience of agricultural production in the short run and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization in the long run.Originality/valueConsidering the infectivity of epidemics, this article evaluates the mechanism of the direct and indirect effects by introducing a spatial dynamic model into the growth accounting framework. Moreover, besides the impact on input portfolio and productivity, this article also investigates whether epidemics reshape agricultural production processes due to panic effects and control measures.

The Triple Logic and Choice Strategy of Rural Revitalization in the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Based on the Perspective of Historical Evolution

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has continuously improved and developed the rural system, deepened rural reform, and promoted the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This paper constructs an analytical framework of rural revitalization and explores the logical law behind it from the three aspects of theoretical evolution, historical evolution, and realistic development. Then, on the basis of summarizing the existing rural revitalization path model, in view of the lack of industrial, ecological, cultural, and other rural revitalization path development models, the paper explores the general principles of rural revitalization path selection and puts forward a realistic choice: First, the key breakthrough of rural revitalization will be achieved through the construction of a rural revitalization planning system, land system reform, and green development. Second, the connotation and extension of concepts, such as “small farmers”, “industry prosperity”, and “rural areas”, are objectively analyzed and evaluated, so as to promote rural revitalization and avoid the risks and challenges that it may face in practice.

"Let's drop in on our friends at Sunnybrae": CBC Radio's The Gillans, Agricultural Reform, and Rural Change in the Maritimes, 1942-1972

CBC radio’s long-running serial The Gillans (1942–1972) was conceived as a popular means to encourage Maritime farmers to make their operations more efficient, scientific, and market-oriented. In doing so, it was hoped the show could help bolster the Maritime provinces’ struggling farm economies and their winnowing rural societies. Examining the content and messages of program’s scripts offers insights into the process of agricultural modernization that was underway in the Maritimes during the mid-20th century, and also into how farmers coped with the impact modernization had on agriculture and on rural life in general.

Inequalities in the spatial concentration of agricultural crops among the micro- and mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to map and estimate the spatial autocorrelation of agricultural crops of coffee, corn, soybeans, sugarcane and beans in the state of Minas Gerais and analyzed in the period from 2011 to 2015. The planted area data were obtained of the Systematic Survey of Agricultural Production - IBGE. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis model was used to calculate spatial autocorrelation using the Global and Local Moran Index. Significant spatial self-correction was reported in all studied cultures (P-value <0.05). The regions with the highest concentration of planted area are located in the western portion of the state. The least significant planting regions were the municipalities located in the Jequitinhonha and Vale do Mucuri regions. The results pointed to a micro and mesoregional inequality in the distribution of agricultural activities in the mining territory that seems to reflect the incomplete agricultural modernization process that occurred in the state in the 70 s and 80 s.