Structural Analysis Procedure Research Articles

Finite element procedure for thermomechanical and structural integrity analysis of beam intercepting devices subjected to free electron laser

High-energy particles, including photons (x-ray, γ-ray, bremsstrahlung), electrons, and protons, possess the capability to penetrate materials and deposit energy within them. The degree of absorption depends on both the energy and type of particles, as well as the properties of the materials with which they interact. This energy deposition can manifest either at the material's surface or throughout its volume, potentially resulting in various failure modes.The primary aim of this paper is to establish a structured analysis methodology for evaluating the structural integrity of beam-intercepting devices when subjected to high-energy particles. The paper also reviews some of the underlying physics, pertinent to the scope of the thermomechanical analysis, potential failure modes, and introduces verification and validation methodologies. Engineers and researchers can utilize the guidelines presented in this paper to effectively plan the development of beam intercepting devices, thereby ensuring their reliability and performance in the presence of high-energy particle exposure.

Exploring Structural Analysis of Building Conventionally

Abstract: Two methodologies are used to analyze the complete structure throughout the structural analysis procedure - Conventional Method and Software Base Method. A description of traditional techniques is included in this text. A structural engineer must be proficient in conventional methods of analysis. This article includes references to sub methods, total methods, conventional method processes, and examples. The accuracy of the analysis is crucial, failing which the structure will not be able to support the weight. This article covers a wide range of subjects, such as analysis techniques, definitions, and load calculations in analysis. The accuracy of the traditional analysis method is also discussed.

Structural Analysis Procedure and Applicability Review of Spudcan Considering Soil Types

As interest in eco-friendly energy development continues to rise, the offshore wind turbine market is growing at a high rate of increase every year. In line with this, the demand for installation vessels with large capacity is also increasing rapidly. WTIVs (Wind Turbine Installation Vessels) employ spudcans in the seabed for the installation of wind turbines. Currently, the assessment of spudcans is an important issue in ensuring structural safety in the entire structure system. This study examines the current procedure suggested by classification societies and a new procedure that accounts for the new loading scenarios based on realistic operating conditions. This new procedure is further validated through an FEA (Finite Element Analysis). The current procedure yields maximum stress values below the allowable criteria because it does not consider the effect of the seabed slope, the leg bending moment, and the spudcan shape. However, the results of some load conditions as defined in the new procedure confirm the need for reinforcement under actual preload conditions. Therefore, the new procedure considers a broader range of real-world operating conditions, and the possible problems were verified through a detailed FEA.

Study on electron ionization-mass spectrometry characteristic fragments and cleavage patterns of fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances

Fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances (fentanyl-type NPS) are the primary subclass of synthetic opioid groups in new psychoactive substances (NPS). According to World Drug Report 2022 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, fentanyl-type NPS are the major cause of overdose deaths in North America, where their abuse is the most severe. Given the multiple modification sites in the structures of fentanyl-type NPS, the derivatization rate is very rapid, causing more difficulties for analysis and identification in forensic laboratories. Because the fragments in electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) spectra contain rich structural information and similar compounds have similar MS cleavage patterns and produce similar characteristic fragments, it is crucial to infer the structure of emerging fentanyl-type NPS by summarizing the cleavage patterns and distinct fragments of fentanyl-type NPS EI-MS data. In this study, 49 fentanyl-type NPS were analyzed using gas chromatography-MS (GC–MS) with EI and chemical ionization sources. Subsequently, the EI-MS cleavage rules and characteristic fragments of fentanyl-type NPS were summarized with the assistance of 129 fentanyl-type NPS GC–MS data obtained from www.caymanchem.com. Furthermore, a set of structural analysis procedures was established to determine the structures of emerging fentanyl-type NPS. This procedure laid the foundation for rapid identification and screening of fentanyl-type NPS.

L-Moments-Based FORM Method for Structural Reliability Analysis Considering Correlated Input Random Variables

Leveraging the properties of the first three linear moments (L-moments), this study proposes an effective normal transformation for structural reliability analysis considering correlated input random variables, in which the admissible range of the initial correlation matrix when employing this transformation is also presented. Subsequently, a practical procedure for structural reliability analysis, grounded in the proposed transformation and first-order reliability method (FROM), is proposed, accommodating instances wherein the joint probability density functions (PDFs) or marginal PDFs of the relevant random variables remain unknown. In comparison to the technique premised on the first three central moments (C-moments), the proposed method, based on the first three L-moments, exhibits a more extensive applicability. Various practical scenarios showcase the method’s effectiveness and precision in calculating the structural reliability index, considering diverse distributions, numerous variables, and complex structures.

Formulation and Analysis of a Cubic B-Spline-Based Time Integration Procedure for Structural Seismic Response Analysis

In this study, an explicit time integration scheme based on cubic B-spline interpolation strategy and momentum corrector is extended for structural seismic response analysis. The acquisition strategy for the required seismic load is provided. The cubic B-spline-based scheme with moment corrector is generalized for the nonlinear hysteresis system. The analysis shows that the explicit scheme has more desirable stability and accuracy properties than other competitive schemes. The effectiveness of the scheme is demonstrated by the linear and nonlinear numerical examples.

Computational Procedure for Analysis of Crystallites in Polycrystalline Solids of Quasilinear Molecules

In the current work, a comprehensive procedure for structural analysis of quasilinear organic molecules arranged in a polycrystalline sample generated by molecular dynamics is developed. A linear alkane, hexadecane, is used as a test case because of its interesting behavior upon cooling. Instead of a direct transition from isotropic liquid to the solid crystalline phase, this compound forms first a short-lived intermediate state known as a "rotator phase". The rotator phase and the crystalline one are distinguished by a set of structural parameters. We propose a robust methodology to evaluate the type of ordered phase obtained after a liquid-to-solid phase transition in a polycrystalline assembly. The analysis starts with the identification and separation of the individual crystallites. Then, the eigenplane of each of them is fit and the tilt angle of the molecules relative to it is computed. The average area per molecule and the distance to the nearest neighbors are estimated by a 2D Voronoi tessellation. The orientation of the molecules with respect to each other is quantified by visualization of the second molecular principal axis. The suggested procedure may be applied to different quasilinear organic compounds in the solid state and to various data compiled in a trajectory.

38ft급 HDPE 파워보트 구조해석을 통한 선급별 하중 기준에 대한 비교 고찰

According to the government policy of environmental regulations, interest of ship, which made with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as a low-carbon and eco-friendly material, is growing as a substitute for the existing fishery boat hull materials such as FRP, aluminum, steel etc. However, regulations related to the production of HDPE ship are still quite incomplete. Even there are no regulations related to structural analysis. Therefore, in this study, structural analysis is carried out by applying different design loads for each international classification for 38ft class HDPE power boats, and the results are compared and analyzed. According to this study, although there is a correlation between the based pressure value and the analysis result value of each class regulation, it is not necessarily proportional. Also, This analysis result shows a difference not only depending on the size of design load, but also application range of the load, the pressure adjustment factor and section shape. However, the occurrence point and trend of the maximum stress values were quite consistent. It is hoped that the results of this study will be used when establishing HDPE ship structure analysis procedures and standards in the future.

Wave-induced structural response analysis of the supporting frames for multiconnected offshore floating photovoltaic units installed in the inner harbor

In this study, a hydrodynamics-based structural response analysis procedure of supporting frames for multiconnected offshore floating photovoltaics (FPVs) is suggested. Based on the suggested simulation methodology, the dynamic behavioral characteristics of the system were investigated. First, rational mooring types for FPVs installed in the inner harbor were studied based on the analysis results. Subsequently, extensive parametric studies have been conducted to determine a rational design strategy for dynamic response mitigation. In this study, the effects of the initial configuration and axial stiffness of taut mooring lines, arrangement angles of FPV systems, and floater dimensions on the static and dynamic responses of supporting frames under irregular waves in the inner harbor were studied. The corner module in the multiconnected system showed critical responses among others, the investigation of which is required for safety evaluation. Furthermore, it was observed that the mooring stiffness governed the overall stiffness of the system, which was proportional to the mitigation of the dynamic responses. Finally, the unsupported length of the frame, which was defined by the floater size, was found to be the key parameter for the mitigation of structural responses.

A Systematic Procedure for Design and Structural Mechanical Analysis: A Case Study for Construction of a Buggy

A Systematic Procedure for Design and Structural Mechanical Analysis: A Case Study for Construction of a Buggy

Алгоритм построения управления динамической системой в частных производных

The structural analysis of the dynamical system described by the differential equation in partial derivatives is carried out. The problem is to transfer the system from the initial state to the final state. The difference of this problem from the classical one is the presence of two required vector functions: state and control. The control problem is solved: the properties of matrix coefficients and functions that imply complete controllability (or uncontrollability of the system) are revealed; a step-by-step algorithm for constructing control functions and the corresponding state for a fully controlled system is presented. The study is carried out by the algorithmic method of cascade decomposition, which consists in a stage-by-stage (step-by-step) transition from the original system to systems of ever-decreasing sizes, and which allows optimizing the process of numerical implementation of the controlled process. The practical implementation of the method does not require exact formulas for constructing matrix coefficients, which makes it possible to avoid cumbersome matrix transformations and get by with the change of variables procedure. The implementation of the method is based on the properties of the matrix coefficient at the derivative of one of the desired functions and is algorithmically implemented in forward and backward steps. Each case of a (zero, reversible or irreversible) coefficient is considered in detail and, in the case of an irreversible coefficient, the system is split into a hierarchically structured set of subsystems of the first and second levels in the process of implementing the forward move. Further, in order to reveal the properties of matrix coefficients, the procedure of structural analysis of the subsystem of the second level is implemented, which is quite similar to the original system, but in a space of lower dimension. The finite-dimensionality of the original spaces implies the complete realization of the forward decomposition in a finite number of steps, which does not exceed the dimension of the original space. Uncontrollability or complete controllability of the system at the last decomposition step is revealed. In the case of revealing the property of complete controllability of the system of splitting the last step, the reverse course of the algorithm is implemented: obtaining formulas for constructing the control function and the corresponding state function. Introduced method allows one to vary when constructing the desired vector functions: functions that satisfy given boundary conditions can be constructed in exponential, fractional-rational, polynomial form, or in any other form that best suits the needs of the study.

Homogenization of Winding Pack Properties for the Structural Analysis of Fusion Magnets

As the experimental ITER fusion reactor faces its final construction phase, design activities of the next reactor DEMO that will supply net electrical energy to the grid are being conducted in Europe. DEMO will be significantly larger than ITER, and its magnet system will be key to confine the plasma and control its shape. In particular, the Toroidal Field (TF) Coils are necessary to generate the closed toroidal field lines that confine the plasma in a tokamak fusion reactor. The interaction of the current in these coils with the magnetic field produced by the poloidal magnet system induces out-of-plane forces that make a three-dimensional structural assessment of the TF magnet structure unavoidable. Moreover, Poloidal Field (PF) Coils are supported by the TF Coil casings and are to be included in the analysis of a global model of the magnet system. Nevertheless, due to the fact that Winding Packs (WP) in Fusion magnet coils are heterogeneous and rather complex structures, accounting for a detailed model of the WP with a fine mesh in a 3-D analysis of the magnet system can become extremely costly. Homogenization techniques are therefore commonly used to model the WP by means of a uniform elastic block with orthotropic thermo-mechanical properties. Several techniques exist for this purpose and a variety of approaches are in use in the fusion magnet community yielding different values for the effective properties. This work describes homogenization techniques stemming from an energetic criterion that forces equal stored elastic energy in the heterogeneous structure and in the homogenized volume and presents a comparison between them with the goal to contribute to the founded standardization of the structural analysis procedures in the fusion magnet field, with special emphasis in the challenging DEMO magnet coils. The mentioned standardizations are crucial if the design and construction of Fusion Magnets are to become widespread activities in the future.

Problem-independent machine learning (PIML)-based topology optimization—A universal approach

Solving topology optimization problem is very computationally demanding especially when high-resolution results are sought for. In the present work, a problem-independent machine learning (PIML) technique is proposed to reduce the computational time associated with finite element analysis (FEA) which constitutes the main bottleneck of the solution process. The key idea is to construct the structural analysis procedure under the extended multi-scale finite element method (EMsFEM) framework, and establish an implicit mapping between the shape functions of EMsFEM and element-wise material densities of a coarse-resolution element through machine learning (ML). Compared with existing works, the proposed mechanistic-based ML technique is truly problem-independent and can be used to solve any kind of topology optimization problems without any modification once the easy-to-implement off-line training is completed. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can reduce the FEA time significantly. In particular, with the use of the proposed approach, a topology optimization problem with 200 million of design variables can be solved on a personal workstation with an average of only two minutes for FEA per iteration step.

Sensitivity Analysis Based NVH Optimization in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Lumped Unit Force Response

Acoustic noise and vibration sources in electric machines are mainly of electromagnetic and structural origin. A lumped structural unit response-based sensitivity analysis procedure is proposed in this article, which isolates electromagnetic and structural impacts brought by variation of different design parameters in a fractional slot concentrated winding, surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM). The impact of ten design parameters on average torque, torque ripple, synchronous inductance, dominant spatial-temporal order airgap force, cogging torque, friction torque, dominant mode frequency and structural unit response is studied in detail for a 12 slot/10 pole (12s10p) SPMSM. Analysis reveals that on a 12s10p SPMSM, slot opening has a very high impact on dominant airgap force component. A multilevel nonlinear regression model-based fast optimization strategy is introduced considering electromagnetic and structural design objectives and constraints following the sensitivity analysis. The optimized design is prototyped to validate the proposed design approach. Impact hammer-based modal analysis, no load, load and run-up tests are performed on the prototype for experimental validation. Ranging from structural tests to electromagnetic tests, the experimental results closely follow and validate the simulation-based predictions.

Simplified Structural Analysis and Design Procedures for Sulfur Recovery Units

AbstractThis paper presents cost-effective guidelines for practicing engineers to design, evaluate, or review the structural design of the sulfur recovery unit (SRU) used in refineries. Extensive e...

РЕЛІГІЙНА ЕТИКА ЯК РЕЛІГІЙНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН: СПРОБА ФІЛОСОФСЬКОЇ РЕФЛЕКСІЇ

The article is concerned with researching of the philosophical-religious phenomenon of religious ethics. Relevance of the study is determined by the number of difficulties with definition of the concept “religious ethics”, ambiguity of interpretation of this concept in modern religious movement, in social humanitarian sciences, and in theology. The relevance to the study is also provided since there is a need to find an understanding between different ethical paradigms in the conditions of globalization of the world, and for this purpose it is necessary to understand the essence and specificity of religious ethics, that even within a single religious paradigm in different communities may have some differences: different interpretations, priorities, and accents. The author points to several problems which make understanding of the essence of religious ethics more complicated; tries to combine different definitions of this concept and reveal the specificity of religious ethics. In the article the author also draws attention to ideas of H. Skovoroda, which are related to the topic of the research. Philosophical and methodological basis of the work made anthropological, axiological, dialogical, and phenomenal approaches, and a world-view interpretation of known philosophical, religious, theophilosophical concepts and experience of the existential interaction of subjects of different religious cultures. At the level of general scientific and specifically scientific methodology methods of structural and functional analysis, theoretical reconstruction, content-analysis, and certain cognitive procedures are used. The above methods allowed to update interest in the study of the concept "religious ethics"; to identify a number of problems, which make understanding of this concept difficult; to identify, summarize, organize, and integrate definitions, which are found in modern scientific publications; to show the specificity of religious ethics on the example of Christian ethics.

“It’s less about you as a person and more about the result you can produce”: examining coach and peer dynamics in sport from a psychosocial perspective

ABSTRACT Positive youth development (PYD) research in sport has often focused on the influence of coach and peer relations, yet the PYD research has been criticised for lacking sufficient theory. From a psychosocial development perspective, the nature and quality of interpersonal dynamics have a significant impact on the attainment of developmental outcomes for youth. In this research, we explored youth athletes’ relational dynamics with coaches and peers in sport from a psychosocial perspective, framed by Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six youth athletes (three males and three females), 14–17 years of age. Thematic, structural, and performative narrative analysis procedures were used to examine youth’s relational dynamics. Three overarching narratives were constructed from participant stories, including: unconditional relationships, conditional relationships, and seeking connections beyond sport. Youth athletes’ stories are interpreted to suggest that often times the sport environment was not conducive to fostering positive coach-athlete and peer-peer dynamics, and hindered youth’s psychosocial development. The youth athletes also revealed that when their interpersonal dynamics in sport were not perceived to fulfill their psychosocial needs, they shifted their focus to activities and environments outside of sport. The findings are discussed in relation to narratives and discourses in sport and developmental literature. Applications are drawn for supporting youth athletes’ needs and continued sport participation through the facilitation of developmentally supportive relations in sport.

Development and calibration of a structural simulation method of CF-SMC composite parts processed by compression molding

The need for the reduction in CO2 production in automotive field increasingly leads manufacturers to consider fiber-reinforced composite materials that are however costly to processes. Discontinuous fiber composite materials, like CF - SMC, are a competitive candidate because they are transformed by the high productivity compression molding technology. On the negative side, their structural complexity introduces high variability in the mechanical performance that needs to be considered at the design stage. This contribution describes the development of a structural modeling strategy for parts made of CF-SMC processed by compression molding. It is based the statistical material model proposed by Feraboli implemented here in a FEA-based structural analysis procedure. After validation and calibration of a specific CF-SMC material, the proposed procedure is applied to the simulation of the structural response of a compression molded part of complex geometry subjected to know loading conditions.

Nonlinear numerical model of plane frames considering semi-rigid connection and different beam theories

ABSTRACT This paper presents a numerical-computational model for frames with geometric nonlinear behavior, by the Finite Element Co-rotational method, considering the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. The connection between structural members is simulated by a null-length connection element, which considers the axial, translational and rotational stiffness. The nonlinear equations system that describes the structural problem is solved by the incremental and iterative procedure of Potra-Pták, with cubic convergence order, combined with the Linear Arc-Length path-following technique. The solution method algorithm is presented and the numerical examples are simulated with the free Scilab program. The numerical results show that the slenderness of the structure, geometric nonlinearity and semi-rigidity influence the behavior of the structure. Structural analysis and design procedures that consider these factors attains less conservative design thus obtaining more optimized structures.

Hanger pre-tensioning force optimization of steel tied-arch bridges considering operational loads

Full design analysis of a bridge usually has lots of load cases and leads to the analysis process, which is extremely time-consuming. To reduce the computational cost, the existing hanger pre-tensioning force optimization approaches for cable-supported bridges always consider only a few critical load cases. This study presents an efficient approach for hanger pre-tensioning force optimization of steel tied-arch bridges, which can include all the operational loads and their combinations based on the code requirements. The proposed method develops a load decoupling approach (LDA) to enhance the computational efficiency of structural analysis in optimization and utilize the particle swarm optimization algorithm to search the global optimal design. The LDA divides the structural analysis procedure into two systems: (1) iteration-varying and (2) iteration-invariant. The former evaluates the structural responses induced by different hanger forces using unit load method (ULM) and the latter solely needs a single finite element (FE) analysis before iteration to calculate the structural responses caused by the other loads. The superposition principle combines the results from the two systems to identify the minimum safety margin of the bridge under the ultimate limit state. A practical bridge is examined to compare the proposed method with three traditional hanger force determination approaches. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed method not only owns high efficiency but also leads to a safer design and has a broader application range.