Although victim wrongs often contribute to assault and battery cases, the judicial examination and determination of victim wrongs in criminal trials in mainland China remain understudied. This is problematic because a thorough understanding of crime requires examining all parties involved to restore the truth. This study explored the examination and determination of victim wrongs in cases of assault and battery and identified reasons for the current trial practice in mainland China. We analyzed 447 criminal judgments of assault and battery cases in Jinan City in 2018 and conducted semistructured interviews with 27 judges in Shandong Province. Although victim wrongs prevailed among assault and battery cases, findings suggest that they were inadequately assessed and underrepresented in criminal judgments. Explanatory factors of this phenomenon include the judicial tradition of focusing on the accused, the absence of substantive provisions in judging victim wrongs, and the lack of procedural guarantee in examining victim wrongs (i.e., proposal of victim wrongs, victim’s appearance in court, evidence rules, and victim role conflicts). Specific suggestions for trial ideology shift, legislation change, and trial procedure reform under the quasi-inquisitorial system in mainland China were discussed.